Ingabe nawe uzizwa sengathi inhliziyo yakho iphukile? Ake sixoxe ngale "Broken Heart Syndrome"!

Wake wazizwa inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngamandla, isifuba sakho siqina, noma ukuphefumula kwakho kuba nzima uma uzizwa udangele, ushaqekile, noma ujabule kakhulu? Nakuba sonke sikhuluma ngokuba "nenhliziyo ephukile," empeleni kunesizathu sezokwelapha salokhu. Odokotela babiza lesi simo ngokuthi "i-Broken Heart Syndrome" noma "i-Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy." Ungakhathazeki, lesi yisimo esingelapheka ngokuphelele uma selashwa kahle.

Iyini ngempela "i-Broken Heart Syndrome"?

Kalula nje, lesi yisimo lapho ingxenye yemisipha yenhliziyo iba buthaka ngokuzumayo nangesikhashana. Cabanga ngale ndlela: lapho uhlangothi olulodwa lwenhliziyo yakho luba "nobuvila" kancane, ezinye izingxenye kufanele zisebenze kanzima ukupompa igazi emzimbeni wakho wonke. Lokhu kuba buthaka kuvame ukwenzeka ngemva kokucindezeleka okukhulu ngokomzimba noma ngokomzwelo.

Uma imisipha yenhliziyo iba buthakathaka, inhliziyo ayitholi inani legazi eliyidingayo, futhi ayipompi igazi kahle. Uyazi, wonke amaseli emzimbeni wethu adinga umoya-mpilo, futhi yilokho igazi elikutholayo. Ngakho-ke uma inhliziyo ingasebenzi kahle, ithinta wonke umzimba.

Kunezinye amagama amaningana alesi simo:

• I-Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
• I-Apical Ballooning Cardiomyopathy noma i-Transient Apical Ballooning Syndrome
• I-Stress Cardiomyopathy noma i-Cardiomyopathy ebangelwa ukucindezeleka
• I-Gebrochenes-Herz Syndrome (Leli igama lesiJalimane, elisho "inhliziyo ephukile")

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zalesi simo?

Kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko ze-"Broken Heart Syndrome." Lezi zihlukaniswa ngokusekelwe engxenyeni yenhliziyo ethintekile:

1. Uhlobo lwe-apical: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu , oluhlanganisa iziguli ezingaphezu kuka-80%. Lokhu kuthinta ingxenye engezansi yenhliziyo. Cabanga ngengxenye engezansi yenhliziyo ivuvukala njengebhaluni.

2. Uhlobo lwe-mid-ventricular: Lolu hlobo luthinta ingxenye ephakathi yamakamelo aphansi enhliziyo, ama-ventricle. Indawo ethintekile ibukeka njengebhande elizungeze inhliziyo. Izingxenye ezingenhla nangaphansi kwaleli bhande zisebenza ngokujwayelekile.

3. Uhlobo lwe-Basal: Lolu lufana nohlobo lwe-mid-ventricular, kodwa "ibhande" elithintekile litholakala phezulu kancane enhliziyweni. Kulesi simo, ingxenye engaphansi kwebhande kuphela esebenza ngokujwayelekile. Lokhu akuvamile kakhulu , kwenzeka cishe kubantu abangu-2% kuphela.

4. Uhlobo lwe-Focal: Lolu uhlobo olungavamile kakhulu , oluvela cishe ku-1% wamacala. Kulolu hlobo, kuthinteka indawo encane kakhulu yenhliziyo. Indawo ethintekile ibonakala njengeqhubu elincane.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

Kutholakale ukuthi cishe abantu abangu-2% abeza ukuzobona odokotela becabanga ukuthi banesifo senhliziyo banalesi sifo esithi “Broken Heart Syndrome.” Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi ngezinye izikhathi odokotela abakwazi ukusixilonga ngokunembile, abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi inani langempela leziguli lingase libe phezulu.

Lesi simo, esibizwa ngokuthi i-Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy, sithinta kakhulu abesifazane . Ama-89% amacala abikiwe ngabesifazane. Ingozi iphezulu kakhulu ngemva kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini (ngokuvamile phakathi kweminyaka engu-58 no-77).

Esinye isizathu salokhu kucatshangwa ukuthi i-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi ``i-estrogen'' emizimbeni yabesifazane ivikela inhliziyo kuma-hormone ayingozi akhiqizwa umzimba ngesikhathi sokucindezeleka. Njengoba sikhula, leli zinga ``i-estrogen'' liyehla, okwenza kube lula ukuthi inhliziyo ithintwe ukucindezeleka okungazelelwe.

Ziyini izimpawu?

Ungase ube nezimpawu ze-"Broken Heart Syndrome" zingakapheli imizuzu kuya emahoreni ngemva kwesigameko esibuhlungu. Ama-hormone akhishwa ukucindezeleka "aphazamisa" imisipha yenhliziyo okwesikhashana. Izimpawu zifana nezokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo okuvamile .

Izimpawu eziyinhloko yilezi:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba obungazelelwe, obukhulu (i-angina).
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Ubuthakathaka be-ventricle yesobunxele yenhliziyo (lokhu kuyisibonakaliso odokotela abangasithola ngokuhlolwa).
• Ukuphazamiseka kwesigqi senhliziyo (i-arrhythmias).
• Umfutho wegazi ophansi (hypotension).
• Ukuzizwa sengathi inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha (ukushaya kwenhliziyo).
• Akuvamile, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi (i-syncope).

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-"Broken Heart Syndrome" kanye nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo?

Ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu zakho kokubili zifana kakhulu (ubuhlungu besifuba, ukuphelelwa umoya), ungase ucabange ukuthi unesifo senhliziyo. Kodwa umehluko obaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ku-"Broken Heart Syndrome" akukho ukuvaleka kwemithambo yenhliziyo ehambisa igazi enhliziyweni. Futhi, ngokuvamile akukho monakalo ohlala njalo enhliziyweni. Ezimweni eziningi, ukululama kuyashesha futhi kuphelele.

Yini ebangela lokhu?

Nakuba abacwaningi bengakwazi ukukhomba imbangela eyodwa, bakholelwa ukuthi ibangelwa ukucindezeleka kwengqondo noma ngokomzimba okungazelelwe, okukhulu. Cabanga ngosizi oluzwayo ngemva kokulahlekelwa othandekayo, ukuba sengozini, noma ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi wakho. Uma ungaphansi kokucindezeleka okukhulu, kungaba ngokomzimba noma ngokwengqondo, umzimba wakho ukhipha ama-hormone okucindezeleka egazini lakho. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi la ma-hormone aphazamisa okwesikhashana ikhono lenhliziyo lokusebenza.

Kodwa-ke, inani elincane kakhulu labantu (kulabo abathola i-Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy) kungenzeka lingakwazi ukuthola noma yisiphi isenzakalo esicacile esicindezelayo.

Akukho bufakazi okwamanje bokuthi lesi simo sidluliselwa ngofuzo kusuka kubazali kuya ezinganeni.

Yikuphi ukucindezeleka kwengqondo nokomzimba okungase kubangele lokhu?

Izibonelo zezinto ezibangela ukucindezeleka kwengqondo okungazelelwe:

• Usizi olukhulu olubangelwa ukufa kothandekayo, noma ukulahlekelwa okukhulu (ukuhlukana kobuhlobo, ukulahlekelwa ikhaya, imali, noma isilwane esithandwayo).
• Ngisho nezindaba ezinhle ngezinye izikhathi zingaholela kulokhu! (Isibonelo, iphathi elingalindelekile ngesikhathi esingalindelekile, ukudonsa ilotho enkulu).
• Ukuthola izindaba ezimbi.
• Izehlakalo ezibuhlungu njengezingozi nokuzamazama komhlaba.
• Ukwesaba okukhulu (ukuyokhuluma phambi kweqembu, ukubhekana nokuphangwa okuhlomile).
• Intukuthelo eyeqile.

Izibonelo zezinto ezibangela ukucindezeleka ngokomzimba okungazelelwe:

• Ubuhlungu obukhulu.
• Umsebenzi womzimba okhathazayo kakhulu.
• Izinkinga zempilo: ukuhlaselwa yi-asthma, ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumula, ukuxhuzula, isifo sohlangothi, umkhuhlane ophakeme, i-hypoglycemia, ukopha okukhulu, noma ukuhlinzwa.

Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa lokhu?

Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ube ne-"Broken Heart Syndrome" uma :

• Uma ungowesifazane .
• Uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 ubudala .
• Uma uke waba nesifo sengqondo ngaphambilini (njengokukhathazeka noma ukucindezeleka).
• Uma uke waba nesifo sezinzwa ngaphambilini (njengokuquleka noma isifo sohlangothi).

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingabangelwa yilokhu?

Izinkinga ze-"Broken Heart Syndrome" azivamile , kodwa ngezinye izikhathi zingaba zimbi kakhulu. Ezinye zazo yilezi:

• Ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu.
• Ukuqhuma kwe-ventricle yesobunxele (okungavamile kakhulu).
• Ukuvaleka kokugeleza kwegazi kusuka ku-ventricle yesobunxele.
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo.
• Ihlule legazi elinamathele odongeni lwe-ventricle yesobunxele.
• Umfutho wegazi ophansi (i-Hypotension).
• Amaphethini okushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (i-arrhythmia).
• Ukushaqeka kwenhliziyo yisimo esibangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle kwenhliziyo.
• Ukuvimba kwenhliziyo.
• Akuvamile ukuthi ngisho nokufa kwenzeke.

Okubalulekile: Nakuba lezi zinkinga zingavamile, kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha nje lapho kuvela izimpawu.

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani lokhu?

Udokotela uzoqala ngokukuhlola ngokomzimba bese ebuza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha. Ngemuva kwalokho, bangenza izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa isimo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ukuhlola ama-enzyme athile akhishwa amaseli emisipha yenhliziyo eyonakele egazini.
• I-EKG (ECG - I-Electrocardiogram): Ukuhlolwa okuqopha umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo.
• I-Coronary angiography: Ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kwe-X-ray ukuhlola ukuvaleka kwemithambo yenhliziyo. Lokhu kuzosiza ekunqumeni ukuthi lokhu kuyisifo senhliziyo noma cha.Kubaluleke kakhulu .
• I-Echocardiography: I-ultrasound scan ukuze kubhekwe umsebenzi, usayizi, kanye nesimo senhliziyo.
• I-X-ray yesifuba.
• I-MRI Yenhliziyo (I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Ukuhlolwa okungaveza izithombe ezinemininingwane zenhliziyo.
• I-Ventriculogram: Idayi ifakwa ku-ventricle yesobunxele yenhliziyo, bese kuthathwa i-X-ray ukuze kubonwe ubukhulu balelo gumbi kanye nokusebenza kahle kwalo kokuphampa igazi.

Nakuba ukuhlolwa kungabonisa izindawo zomonakalo enhliziyweni, i-coronary angiography ibalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akuyona isifo senhliziyo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, ngokungafani nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, ku-"Broken Heart Syndrome" imithambo yegazi enhliziyweni ayivalekile.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?

Nakuba kungekho "ikhambi" elithile le-"Broken Heart Syndrome" noma i-"Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy", abantu abaningi balulama ngokuphelele ngemithi.

Izinhlobo zemithi esetshenziselwa ukwelashwa:

• I-aspirin: Ithuthukisa ukujikeleza kwegazi futhi ivimbela ukujiya kwegazi.
• Ama-ACE inhibitors (ama-Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme inhibitors) noma ama-ARB (ama-Angiotensin Receptor Blockers): Anciphisa umfutho wegazi futhi anciphise ukuvuvukala enhliziyweni.
• Ama-Beta-blockers: Yehlisa izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo.
• Ama-diuretics: Yehlisa inani loketshezi oluningi emzimbeni.

Akuvamile kakhulu, uma inhliziyo idinga usizo lokupompa igazi, kungadingeka ukusebenzisa idivayisi efana ne-"intra-aortic balloon pump" noma "left ventricular assist device".

Ingabe kukhona izinkinga noma imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?

Ngokuvamile, eminye yemiphumela emibi engase ivele phakathi nalokhu kwelashwa kwe-`(Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy)` yile:

• Ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba noma ukusabela okungekuhle ngemithi, noma izinkinga ngeminye imithi oyiphuzayo.
• Kukhona ingozi encane yokopha, ukutheleleka, amahlule egazi, isifo sohlangothi, noma ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo ngenxa ye-"left ventricular assist device" engasetshenziswa kakhulu noma i-"intra-aortic balloon pump".

Ngizolulama ngokushesha kangakanani ngemva kokwelashwa?

Abantu abaningi baqala ukuzizwa bengcono njengoba bethola ukwelashwa kwe-"Broken Heart Syndrome." Lokhu kungenzeka ngesikhathi besesibhedlela, noma kungenzeka emahoreni ambalwa noma ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuqala ukwelashwa.

Ingabe zikhona izindlela zokuvimbela lokhu ukuthi kungenzeki?

Ayikho indlela ethile yokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-"Broken Heart Syndrome". Kodwa-ke,Ukufunda indlela yokuphatha ukucindezeleka kanye namasu okuxazulula izinkinga kungakusiza ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo.

Amasu okuphumula angasiza kakhulu. Nazi ezinye izibonelo:

• Ukuzijwayeza i-yoga, ukuzindla, ukubhala phansi, noma ukuqaphela.
• Ukugeza emanzini afudumele.
• Ukushiswa kwezinti zempepho.
• Ukuphefumula isikhathi eside, okujulile nokuphefumula kancane kancane.

Kuye ngokuthi imbangela yokucindezeleka kwakho iyini, ungase ufune ukujoyina iqembu lokusekelana ukuze uxoxe ngakho futhi wabelane ngamasu okubhekana nesimo. Ungase ufune nokufuna usizo kumeluleki ochwepheshe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwamukela imikhuba enempilo kungasiza futhi ekulawuleni ukucindezeleka ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Le mikhuba ihlanganisa:

• Ukudla ukudla okunomsoco (isibonelo, ukudla kwaseMedithera).
• Ukuvivinya umzimba njalo (okungenani imizuzu engama-30 izinsuku ezinhlanu ngesonto).
• Ukulala amahora aphakathi kwayisikhombisa nayisishiyagalolunye nsuku zonke.
• Ukuchitha isikhathi nabanye.
• Ukuya ezivivinyweni zezokwelapha kanye nokuhlolwa kwempilo ngesikhathi.
• Gwema imikhiqizo kagwayi, izidakamizwa, kanye nokusebenzisa utshwala ngokweqile. (Uma udinga usizo lokuyeka, udokotela wakho angakuqondisa).

Ingabe lesi simo sizoqhubeka nokusithinta? Siyini isimo?

"I-Broken Heart Syndrome" noma "i-Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy" yisimo sesikhashana kubantu abaningi . Cishe uzolulama ngaphandle kwezinkinga zenhliziyo zesikhathi eside.

Uma une-"Broken Heart Syndrome" ngenxa yenkinga yempilo yesikhathi eside (njengesifo sohlangothi, i-asthma, noma i-seizures), bona udokotela wakho ukuze akusize ekubhekaneni nalezo zinkinga zempilo.

Kwezinye izimo, udokotela wakho angase ancome i-echocardiogram ephindaphindwayo emavikini amane kuya kwayisithupha ngemva kwesigameko ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awunazo ezinye izinkinga zempilo yenhliziyo nokuthi i-ventricle yakho yangakwesobunxele isebenza kahle futhi.

Lesi simo sizohlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Ngokuvamile, abantu bayalulama esimweni esicindezelayo phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa kuya emavikini ambalwa. Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi bangase bazizwe bengenawo amandla izinyanga eziningi ngemva kokuthola "i-Broken Heart Syndrome." Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kungaholela ekucindezelekeni. Uma lokhu kwenzeka kuwe, qiniseka ukuthi ufuna usizo kudokotela.

Umbono we-"Broken Heart Syndrome"

Abantu abathola i-"Broken Heart Syndrome" ngenxa yesimo sezokwelapha (njengokugula noma ukuhlinzwa) bangase babe nomphumela omubi kancane kunalabo abathola lesi simo ngenxa yesigameko sengqondo.

Nakuba amadoda enamathuba amancane okuthola lesi simo, anamathuba amaningi okuba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Lokhu kungenzeka ngoba anezinye izimo zezokwelapha ezimbi kakhulu.

Abacwaningi bathole ukuthi ukuthatha imithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-ACE inhibitors noma ama-ARB kwandisa isikhathi sokuphila.

Izinga lokufa ngenxa ye-"Broken Heart Syndrome" liphansi kakhulu . Liphakathi kuka-0% no-8%. Ezimweni eziningi, lesi yisimo sesikhashana esilulama ngokugcwele.

Ngizinakekela kanjani?

Kungadingeka uqhubeke uthatha imithi oyinikezwe udokotela izinyanga ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha. Uma une-Broken Heart Syndrome, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukuze uzinakekele ukuthatha imithi yakho njengoba uyalelwe futhi ubone udokotela wakho njengoba kunconywa. Zombili lezi zinto zibaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yezingozi zesikhathi eside ezihambisana ne-Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy.

Lesi simo singaphinde sibuye, noma ezinye izinkinga zempilo zingavela emavikini kuya eminyakeni ngemva kwesiqephu sokuqala. Siphinde sibuye kubantu abaphakathi kuka-4% no-10% abake baba naso.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?

Uma uba nezimpawu ezintsha noma ubona ushintsho ezimpawini zakho ezikhona (ikakhulukazi uma zithinta indlela yakho evamile yansuku zonke), bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha. Ngaphandle kwalokho, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza ama-aphoyintimenti okulandelela uma kudingeka.

Kufanele uye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu ze-"Broken Heart Syndrome" zifana nezokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, kufanele nakanjani uye esibhedlela uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Lezi zimpawu yilezi:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba (i-angina).
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Uma uhlangabezana nokulahlekelwa ukwazi ngendlela engachazeki, noma uma uzizwa unesiyezi futhi ucishe uquleke izikhathi eziningana.
• Ukuzizwa sengathi inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha (ukushaya kwenhliziyo).
• Uma unenhliziyo eshaya kancane noma esheshayo ngendlela engavamile, noma uma uzizwa sengathi inhliziyo yakho iyashaya noma ishaya kakhulu.

Uma unezimpawu ze-"Broken Heart Syndrome" noma i-"Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy", funa usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo ngokushesha. Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokwazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi une-"Broken Heart Syndrome", ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, noma enye inkinga yezokwelapha ukuhlolwa.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Ungabuza udokotela wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Ngidinga ukuthatha imithi engiyinikezwe udokotela isikhathi esingakanani?
• Ingabe ngidinga ukwenza noma yiziphi izivivinyo ezengeziwe (ukuhlolwa kokulandelela)?
• Kufanele ngize kangaki ukukubona?

Ingabe ukucindezeleka okuvamile kokuphila kwansuku zonke kungabangela "i-Broken Heart Syndrome"?

Cishe, cha. Izimpawu ziqala ngemva kwesenzakalo esiphuthumayo noma esicindezela kakhulu.Uma uzwa ubuhlungu besifuba njalo noma uphelelwa umoya ngisho nalapho ubhekene nokucindezeleka okulinganiselwe kwansuku zonke, bona udokotela.

Izimpawu eziqhubekayo ngokuvamile aziyona uphawu lwe-"Broken Heart Syndrome." Udokotela wakho angakusiza ufunde ukuthi ungalawula kanjani ukucindezeleka, akunike imithi uma ukukhathazeka kuyinkinga, noma akucele ukuthi uhlolwe uma esola ukuthi kunenkinga yezempilo engatholakalanga.

Ingabe i-"Broken Heart Syndrome" iyisimo esibucayi?

Akuvamile, yebo. Labo abanezimo ezinzima noma ezingazinzile bangadinga ukubhekwa eduze futhi bangadinga ukwelashwa okuthuthukile, njengamadivayisi okusekela ngomshini.

Kuye ngokuthi imisipha yenhliziyo yakho ibuthakathaka kangakanani, udokotela wakho angase futhi akuncome ukuvuselelwa kwenhliziyo.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uzikhumbule

Sonke sizwile abantu bekhuluma ngomuzwa wokuba “nenhliziyo ephukile.” Kodwa i-“Broken Heart Syndrome,” noma i-Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy, yisimo sangempela sezokwelapha esingase senzeke ngemva kokuba ubhekene nokucindezeleka ngokomzwelo noma ngokomzimba okungazelelwe.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi lesi yisimo sesikhashana futhi ngokuvamile asibangeli umonakalo ohlala njalo enhliziyweni. Kodwa-ke, ngoba izimpawu zifana nezokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, ungalokothi uzihlole bese ucabanga ukuthi une-"Broken Heart Syndrome." Njalo thola ukuhlolwa yigumbi eliphuthumayo. Ukuhlolwa kuphela okunganquma ukuthi izimpawu zenhliziyo yakho ziyi-heart attack, "Broken Heart Syndrome," noma enye inkinga yezempilo.

Isifo senhliziyo esiphukile, i - takotsubo cardiomyopathy, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, ukucindezeleka, ubuhlungu besifuba, ukuphelelwa umoya, impilo yabesifazane