Ingabe ingane yakho yazalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi? Ingabe inezinkinga zamaphaphu? Ake sixoxe nge-Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia!

Ingabe ingane yakho inenkinga yokuphefumula ngoba yazalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ? Noma ingabe udokotela ukutshelile ukuthi ingane yakho inesifo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia? Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba futhi ukhathazekile ngezikhathi ezinjengalezi. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula nangendlela ongayiqonda. Ngoba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi wena nengane yakho nibe nolwazi oluhle ngalesi simo.

Ngakho-ke iyini i-Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)?

Kalula nje, `(Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia)` yisifo samaphaphu esingaba khona ezinganeni ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi . Manje bheka, lapho umntwana ezalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, amaphaphu alowo mntwana awakakhuli ngokugcwele. Kufana nokuthi izindonga zendlu esanda kwakhiwa zisakhiwa. Ngakho-ke ngenxa yalokhu, labo bantwana banenkinga yokuphefumula bodwa. Ngemuva kwalokho kufanele banikezwe umoya-mpilo (`Oxygen Therapy`) noma baxhunywe emshinini wokuphefumula (`Oventilator`) ukuze ubasize baphefumule .

Nakuba lokhu kwelashwa kubalulekile ukuze kusindiswe impilo yengane, ngezinye izikhathi kungabangela ukuthi amasaka amancane omoya (i-alveoli) emaphashini engane akhule ngokungadingekile. Cabanga ngalokho okwenzekayo uma ibhaluni elincane ligcwala ngokweqile. Ngendlela efanayo, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kungalimaza izicubu zamaphaphu engane kanye namapayipi athambile emigudwini yomoya (i-bronchi). Lo monakalo kulezi zicubu ubizwa ngokuthi "i-Dysplasia".

Khumbula, ingozi yokuthola lesi simo iyanda kuye ngokuthi ingane yakho ingaphambi kwesikhathi kangakanani . Ezinye izingane zingase zithinteke kakhulu yilesi simo, kodwa eziningi ziyalulama kancane kancane . Kodwa-ke, ezinye zingase zibe nobunzima bokuphefumula impilo yazo yonke kanye nezinye izinkinga.

Ziyini izimpawu zalesi simo? Sizibona kanjani?

Izimpawu zingahluka kusuka enganeni kuya enganeni ene-Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Kodwa-ke, kunezimpawu ezithile ezivamile okufanele uziqaphele:

• I-Cyanosis: Kumntwana onesikhumba esikhanyayo, isikhumba nezindebe kungase kuthathe umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kumntwana onesikhumba esimnyama, ungase ubone umbala ophuzi-ompunga, ompunga, noma omhlophe ezindebeni, olimini, noma ezinzipho. Lokhu kungenxa yokwehla kwenani lomoya-mpilo egazini.
• Ukucindezeleka Kokuphefumula: Ingane ingase ibonakale inenkinga yokuphefumula. Ungase uqaphele izinto ezifana nesifuba esidonswa ngaphakathi kanye nesisu esikhuphukayo nesiwela ngokushesha.
• Amazinga aphansi omoya-mpilo egazini: Lokhu kuyinto odokotela abayithola kuphela ngokuhlolwa.
• I-Apnea: Ukuyeka ngokuzumayo ukuphefumula komntwana, lapho umntwana eyeka ukuphefumula imizuzwana embalwa.
• I-Tachypnea: Ukuphefumula ngokushesha kunomntwana ojwayelekile.
• Ukuphefumula: Umsindo omncane wokukhala kwekhwela uzwakala esifubeni lapho uphefumula.

Uma ingane yakho inesinye salezi zimpawu noma ngaphezulu, kungcono ukwazisa udokotela ngokushesha.

Ubani okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi athole i-BPD?

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, izingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi zisengozini enkulu. Ngokukhethekile:

• Izingane ezizalwa zingakapheli amasonto ayi-10 .
• Izingane ezinesisindo esingaphansi kwamagremu angu-900 (amakhilogremu amabili) ngesikhathi zizalwa.
• Izingane ezinamaphaphu angakakhuli ngokugcwele noma ezinezinkinga zokuphefumula kusukela zizalwa.

Izingane ezizalwa emavikini angu-32 okukhulelwa ngokuvamile zisengozini encane kakhulu yokuthola i-BPD.

Yiziphi ezinye izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa yalokhu `(BPD)`?

Iningi lezingane liyalulama kwi-BPD lapho lineminyaka emi-5. Kodwa-ke, izingane ezinalesi simo zisengozini yokuthola ezinye izinkinga zempilo, okuhlanganisa:

• Izinkinga zokugaya ukudla kanye nokulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla.
• Isifo Sokuphindezela Kwesisu (i-GERD).
• Ukukhubazeka kokufunda kanye nezinye izinkinga ezihlobene nakho.
• Izinkinga Zezinzwa.
• Izinkinga zokuzwa nokubona.
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu wamaphaphu.

Futhi, ezinye izingane kanye nabantu abadala ababene-BPD beseyizingane bangase babe nezinye izinkinga zamaphaphu. Isibonelo:

• Isifuba somoya
• I-Bronchitis
• Ukuphefumula Kokulala Okungavinjelwe
• Inyumoniya
• Isifo Somoya Esisabelayo
• Ukutheleleka okukhulu kwe-`(RSV - Respiratory Syncytial Virus)`.

Ungesabi uma uzwa lezi zinto. Akuzona zonke lezi zinto ezenzeka kuwo wonke umntwana. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuzazi.

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani ngokunembile lesi simo (i-BPD)?

Uma ingane yakho yazalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi idinga usizo lokuphefumula ezinsukwini zokuqala ezingu-28 zokuphila, odokotela bavame ukusola ukuthi inesifo esibizwa ngokuthi "i-BPD." Akukho ukuhlolwa okuqondile kokuxilonga lesi simo. Kodwa-ke, kunezivivinyo eziningana ezingasiza ekuxilongweni nasekuphatheni lesi simo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Hlola ukuthi ingakanani i-oxygen egazini lomntwana.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe njenge-X-ray yesifuba: Hlola isimo samaphaphu engane.

Odokotela bafinyelela esiphethweni ngokusekelwe olwazini olutholakale kulezi zivivinyo, kanye nezimpawu zomntwana kanye nomlando wezokwelapha.

Ingabe i-BPD ingalapheka ngokuphelele?

Uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwe-Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia okwamanje . Kodwa-ke, lokho akusho ukuthi awukwazi ukuthemba. Ukwelashwa kungasiza ekunciphiseni umonakalo owengeziwe emaphashini futhi kusize amaphaphu engane yakho akhule futhi alulame .

Ngakho-ke ikuphi ukwelashwa kwalokhu?

Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa kwe-BPD uwukuthiUmgomo uwukukhipha umntwana emoyeni ngokushesha okukhulu bese emvumela ukuthi aphefumule yedwa. Ukwelashwa kuhlose ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwamaphaphu engane. Kusetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukene zokwelapha kulokhu:

• Ukudla Okunomsoco: Ukwandisa okuqukethwe kwama-calorie ekudleni okunikezwa ingane kusiza ekukhuleni kwamaphaphu, njengoba ukudla okunomsoco okuhle kubalulekile ekukhuleni kwamaseli amaphaphu.
• Ama-Diuretics: Le mithi inciphisa inani loketshezi oluningi oluqongelela emaphashini nasemaphethelweni awo, okwenza kube lula ukuphefumula.
• Ama-Bronchodilator: Lawa asebenza ngokukhulula imisipha ezungeze imigudu yomoya, andise imigudu yomoya, njengokuvula imigudu yomoya evalekile.
• Ama-Corticosteroids: Le mithi isiza ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala (ukuvuvukala) emaphashini nasemaphethelweni awo.
• I-Nirsevimab noma i-Palivizumab: Lena imijovo yokulwa namagciwane enikezwa ukuvikela ingane yakho ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane njenge-RSV.
• Umshini we-nasal `nCPAP` `(Umfutho Womoya Oqhubekayo Wekhala)`: Lona umshini omncane. Ufaka umoya emaphashini ngama-prong amabili akhethekile (amashubhu amancane) afakwa ekhaleni lomntwana. Lokhu kusiza ukugcina amaphaphu evulekile.
• Ukuhlinzwa Kwe-Tracheostomy: Kubantwana abane-BPD enzima, odokotela bangase benze ukuhlinzwa ukuze bafake ipayipi ngqo epayipini lomoya (i-trachea) ngentamo ukuze babasize baphefumule. Lokhu kuvame ukuba okwesikhashana.

Udokotela uzonquma ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu kwengane yakho.

Kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi ingane iphefumule yodwa ngemva kokwelashwa?

Uma ukwelashwa sekuqalile, impilo yengane yakho izothuthuka kancane kancane ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezizayo . Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, amaphaphu engane yakho azoqhubeka nokuphulukiswa nokukhula. Umgomo omkhulu ukuthi ingane yakho ikwazi ukuphefumula yodwa ngaphandle kosizo. Lokhu kungathatha isikhathi, ngakho-ke bekezela.

Uma ingane yakho inalezi zimpawu, kufanele yini ubone udokotela ngokushesha?

Ngisho nangemva kokuba ingane yakho isisekhaya ngemva kokwelashwa, kunezinto ezithile okufanele uziqaphele. Uma ubona noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, bheka udokotela wakho ngokushesha:

• Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo.
• Uma kukhona umsindo wokuhona oqhubekayo.
• Uma ukuthola kunzima ukudla, uma wenqaba ukudla.
• Uma ikhala lakho liba likhulu uma uphefumula (ikhala eliqhumayo).
• Uma uphefumula kakhulu futhi ngokushesha.
• Uma ubonisa izimpawu zesifo esibangelwa yigciwane njengomkhuhlane, ukuthimula, nokukhwehlela.
• Uma ukuphefumula kukhuphukile.

Isimo Esiphuthumayo! Uma ingane iyeka ukuphefumula, inobunzima bokuphefumula, noma isikhumba noma izindebe ziphenduka zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka/mpunga, yiyise esibhedlela ngokushesha noma ushayele u-911.

Ungayinciphisa kanjani ingozi yokuba nomntwana one-BPD? (Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa)

Uma ukhulelwe manje, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uhlale uphilile futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi . Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ingozi ye-BPD incipha kakhulu uma amaphaphu engane enesikhathi esanele sokukhula kahle. Ungenza okulandelayo ukunciphisa le ngozi:

• Gwema ngokuphelele ugwayi, izidakamizwa kanye notshwala.
• Yidla ukudla okuhle nokunomsoco.
• Yiya emitholampilo yezokwelapha njengoba kuhleliwe phakathi nokukhulelwa kwakho.
• Nciphisa ukucindezeleka ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ukulandela lezi zinto kuzokwandisa amathuba akho okuba nomntwana onempilo.

Uma ingane yami ine-BPD, yini okufanele ngiyilindele? Ngizoyinakekela kanjani lapho ifika ekhaya?

Ngisho nangemva kokuba ingane yakho ibuyile esibhedlela, amaphaphu ayo asakhula. Ngakho-ke asebuthakathaka kakhulu futhi asengozini yokulimala . Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukugcina ingane yakho iphilile ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukuze wenze lokhu, yenza okulandelayo:

• Gcina ingane yakho kude nabantu abanezifo zokuphefumula, ikakhulukazi i-RSV.
• Thola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane (umkhuhlane) wawo wonke umuntu emndenini.
• Vikela ingane yakho ngokuphelele entuthwini kagwayi kanye neminye intuthu eyingozi (ikakhulukazi intuthu kagwayi).

Izingane ezine-BPD zingase zibe nobunzima bokudla, zinciphise isisindo, futhi zingase zikhule kancane. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela ngezikhathi ezijwayelekile zokuqomisana nodokotela bese uhlola ukukhula komntwana . Ngemuva kwalokho, uma kukhona inkinga, ingaxazululwa ngokushesha.

Ngenxa yokuthi bazalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, izingane ezine-BPD zingase zibe nokubambezeleka okuthile ezigabeni zazo zokukhula . Lokhu kusho ukuthi zingathatha isikhathi eside ukwenza izinto ezenziwa ezinye izingane (isib. ukumamatheka, ukubamba izintamo zazo, ukukhasa). Kodwa ungakhathazeki, izingane eziningi zinqoba lokhu kubambezeleka ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zokwelapha (isib. ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, ukwelashwa ngenkulumo, ukwelashwa ngomsebenzi) kanye nokufinyelela kwabanye.

Nakuba ezinye izimo ezimbi kakhulu ze-BPD zingaba yingozi empilweni, iningi lezinsana liyasinda . Njengoba zikhula futhi zithola isisindo, impilo yazo iyathuthuka kancane kancane.

Ukubona ingane yakho ihlupheka ukuphefumula kuyinto ebuhlungu kakhulu. Ufuna ukuyibamba. Kodwa esikhundleni salokho, ingane ixhunywe kuma-monitor kanye nezinsiza zokuphefumula. Ukhathazekile kakhulu ngempilo yayo. Ungase ucabange, "O, uma lokhu kwenzeka kimi." Kodwa, ngithembe, odokotela nabahlengikazi abelapha ingane yakho benza konke okusemandleni abo ukuyiyisa esimweni lapho ingaphefumula khona ngokwayo.Ngisho noma kuthatha isikhathi, ingane yakho izoqala ukuphefumula yodwa, futhi uzokwazi ukuyiyisa ekhaya.

Okokugcina, into ebaluleke kakhulu (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, nansi izinto okudingeka uzikhumbule kulokho esikhulume ngakho:

• I-Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) yisifo samaphaphu esithinta kakhulu izingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi .
• Lokhu kungenxa yamaphaphu angavuthiwe kanye nomonakalo ongase ubangelwe ukwelashwa okusindisa impilo (umoya-mpilo, ama-ventilator) emaphashini.
• Izimpawu zingase zihlanganise ubunzima bokuphefumula, isikhumba esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanye nokuphefumula ngokushesha.
• Nakuba kungekho ikhambi, ukwelashwa kungasiza amaphaphu ukuba akhule futhi aphulukise.
• Ngisho nangemva kokuletha ingane yakho ekhaya, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyivikela ezifweni zokuphefumula, ukuyigcina kude nentuthu, nokuyiyisa njalo ukuze iyohlolwa udokotela .
• Izinsana eziningi ziyalulama kulesi simo futhi ziphile impilo enempilo. Ngakho-ke into ebaluleke kakhulu ukucabanga ngendlela eyakhayo nokulandela iseluleko esinikezwa odokotela .

Uma uneminye imibuzo, ukukhathazeka, noma ukungabaza, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile. Bazokusiza.

I- Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, i-BPD, ingane engakazalwa, ukuphazamiseka kwamaphaphu, ukwelashwa komoya-mpilo, umoya wokuphefumula, ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula, izingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, isifo samaphaphu, ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula