Ingabe unephethini "yeso lenkunzi" ngaphakathi kwamehlo akho? Ake sifunde ngalokhu (i-Bull's Eye Maculopathy)!

Unjani? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimo samehlo esingaziwa kangako, kodwa esibaluleke kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi amehlo ethu angashintsha indlela esibona ngayo ngaphandle kokuqaphela. Wake wezwa ngephethini ebukeka njengethagethi ebhodini eliqondiwe? Yilokho okwenzeka kulesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi "i-Bull's Eye Maculopathy". Igama lizwakala lingavamile, akunjalo? Kodwa ungakhathazeki, ake sixoxe ngakho ngokuningiliziwe nangokulula.

Kuyini "i-Bull's Eye Maculopathy"? Kalula nje...

I-Bull's Eye Maculopathy yisimo esingavamile kakhulu esibangela ukuthi amaseli e -macula, ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ye -retina, anciphe kancane kancane futhi, uma sikhuluma iqiniso, anciphe.

Cabanga nje, uma iso lakho lifana nekhamera, i-retina ifana nefilimu noma inzwa ngemuva kwekhamera. Izithombe esizibonayo ziqoshwa lapho. Phakathi nendawo ye-retina, kukhona indawo encane kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu esisiza sibone izinto ngokucacile nangokucacile. Yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-macula. Le macula isisiza sibone imininingwane emincane ngokucacile, njengalapho sifunda incwadi, sibheka ubuso bomuntu, noma lapho sinamathisela intambo encane.

Ngakho-ke, ku-"Bull's Eye Maculopathy", lapho amaseli akule "macula" onakele, lapho udokotela ehlola ingaphakathi leso, babona iphethini yamasongo ashintshe umbala kuleyo "macula". Ithola igama layo ngoba ibukeka njengendandatho ekhoneni lokudubula umcibisholo (iphethini leso lenkunzi). Lesi simo singaholela ekulahlekelweni umbono unomphela.

Lesi sifo singadluliselwa ngofuzo (okungukuthi, sidluliselwe kubazali bakho ngokusebenzisa izakhi zofuzo). Odokotela ngezinye izikhathi babiza lolu hlobo oluzuzwe njengefa lwe-"Bull's Eye Maculopathy" ngokuthi "Benign Concentric Annular Macular Dystrophy (BCAMD)". Singavela futhi ngenxa yezinye izifo zamehlo noma njengomphumela omubi wokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwemithi ethile .

Noma iyiphi inkinga yokubona ingaba yinto eyesabekayo. Kodwa udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthola imbangela futhi akunikeze ukwelashwa nokusekelwa okudingayo ukuze ubhekane nalesi simo.

Yimiphi imiphumela i-Bull's Eye Maculopathy engaba nayo ekuboneni?

I-Bull's Eye Maculopathy ibangelwa ukulimala kwamangqamuzana asisiza sibone izinto. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kungathinta umbono wakho ophakathi ngamazinga ahlukahlukene.

• Abanye abantu bangase babe nobunzima bokubona imininingwane ecacile.
• Ungase ungakwazi ukuhlukanisa imibala kahle, noma ukubona kwakho imibala kungase kunciphe.
• Ukubona kungase kunciphe ebusuku.
• Njengoba umbono ophakathi uncipha , kungaba nzima ukufunda izincwadi, ukushayela izimoto, nokubona izinto ziqonde phambili.
• Lesi sifo singathinta iso elilodwa noma womabili amehlo.

Kodwa isikhathi esiningi, abantu abane-Bull's Eye Maculopathy abanazo izinkinga ezinkulu ngokubona kwabo okungaphandle - okungukuthi, lokho abangakubona ngaphandle kwekhoneni leso labo. Kodwa-ke, ngoba lokhu kuvame ukuba yisimo esiqhubekayo, ukubona kungaba kubi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi .

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-"Bull's Eye Maculopathy"?

"Isici esiyingozi" yinto ekhulisa amathuba okuthola isifo. Kunezici eziningana eziyingozi ze-"Bull's Eye Maculopathy":

• Uma othile emndenini ene-"Bull's Eye Maculopathy" (umlando wofuzo).
• Ukuba nezinye izifo zamehlo ezifana nokuwohloka kwe-macular .
• Ezinye izimo zofuzo , isibonelo, isifo sikaBatten noma isifo sikaStargardt.
• Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwemithi ethile, ikakhulukazi leyo esetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo ezihlasela amasosha omzimba (izifo ezivikela amasosha omzimba, ngamagama alula, yizimo lapho amasosha omzimba wakho ehlasela khona amangqamuzana akho aphilile).

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

I-Bull's Eye Maculopathy empeleni iyisimo esingavamile kakhulu. Isibonelo, ngisho nase-United States, inani elincane kakhulu labantu abanalesi sifo. Ngakho-ke, ungesabi uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ekuboneni kwakho.

Yiziphi izimbangela ze-"Bull's Eye Maculopathy"?

Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani lokhu kungenzeka:

1. Izakhi zofuzo:

I-Bull's Eye Maculopathy, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-BCAMD, iyisimo esiyinhloko se-autosomal. Kalula nje, uma noma yimuphi umzali ene-gene eguquliwe yalesi sifo, kunethuba elingu-50% lokuthi ingane yakhe izozuza lesi sifo njengefa. Lezi gene ziyizingxenye ze-DNA yethu egcina ulwazi emizimbeni yethu.

2. Ezinye izifo:

Ezinye izifo zamehlo, njenge-cone-rod dystrophy noma i-retinitis pigmentosa, nazo zingabangela i-Bull's Eye Maculopathy. Futhi, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, abantu abanezifo zofuzo ezifana nesifo sikaBatten noma isifo sikaStargardt nabo basengozini yokuthola lesi simo.

3. Ubuthi:

Ezinye izinto, ikakhulukazi imithi ethile, zingalimaza amaseli aphakathi nendawo yokubona kwakho (i-macula). Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwemithi efana ne-chloroquine noma i-hydroxychloroquine, esetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo ezifana ne-rheumatoid arthritis noma i-lupus, kungabangela i-Bull's Eye Maculopathy.

Futhi, abantu okudingeka bampontshelwe igazi njalo bangaba nesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-hemochromatosis (ukugcwala kwensimbi). Lokhu kungalimaza ne-macula yakho.

Umuthi `(Hydroxychloroquine)` ubangela kanjani `(Bull's Eye Maculopathy)`?

Ochwepheshe abakakazi kahle ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka kanjani. Kodwa ucwaningo lusikisela ukuthi umuthi ungase ubophe amaseli aku-retina yakho futhi uthinte indlela lawo maseli asebenza ngayo. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka uma uthatha imithamo ephezulu yalo muthi isikhathi eside. Yingakho odokotela batusa ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo kubantu abathatha le mithi.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-"Bull's Eye Maculopathy"?

Lesi simo sithinta kakhulu umbono. Izimpawu zingase zihlanganise:

• Umbono ofiphele noma onenkungu.
• Ukubona amabala amnyama noma izithunzi ezimnyama ensimini yakho yokubona.
• Ubunzima bokubona imibala noma ukungaboni kahle kombala ngokuphelele.
• Ukubona izinto ezifana nezintambo zintanta phambi kwamehlo (ama-eye floaters) noma ukubona ukukhanya okukhanyayo.
• Ukubona okuphansi kakhulu .

Khumbula, ungacabangi ukuthi une-Bull's Eye Maculopathy ngoba nje unesinye noma ezimbili zalezi zimpawu. Lezi zingaba futhi izimpawu zezinye izimo zamehlo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha.

I-"Bull's Eye Maculopathy" ibukeka kanjani ngaphakathi kweso?

Lokhu akuyona into ongayibona ngokubuka esibukweni. Udokotela wamehlo uzohlola i-macula yakho ne-retina esebenzisa ithuluzi elikhethekile elibizwa ngokuthi i-ophthalmoscope ukuze anqume ukuthi unayo noma cha.

Ngokuvamile, le ndlela "yeso lenkunzi" ivela njengesikhungo esiyindilinga, esimnyama esinamasongo amaningana anombala okhanyayo azungezile. Isikhungo esimnyama simelela i-retina evamile. Amasongo ayizungezile awavamile. Lawa masongo angase abe nombala ophuzi okhanyayo, opinki, noma onsomi. Le mibala ehlukene ibangelwa umonakalo noma ukuwohloka enkabeni yokubona (i-macula).

Itholakala kanjani i-Bull's Eye Maculopathy?

Udokotela wakho angenza izivivinyo eziningana zamehlo ukuze anqume ukuthi une-Bull's Eye Maculopathy. Ezinye zazo zifaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kokubona kahle: Lokhu ukuhlolwa kokubona ukuthi ubona kahle kangakanani. Uzocelwa ukuthi ufunde ishadi lezinhlamvu elijwayelekile ("ishadi le-Snellen") noma imonitha enezinhlamvu ezihlukene ngobukhulu. Ukubona kwakho kuzohlolwa ngawo womabili amehlo kanye neso elilodwa livaliwe ngokwehlukana.
• Ukuhlolwa kwensimu ebonakalayo:Lokhu kuzohlola umbono wakho ophakathi kanye nombono ongaphandle. Kungakutshela nokuthi unazo yini izindawo ezingaboni. Ungacelwa ukuthi ubheke igridi yemigqa, noma ungacelwa ukuthi uvule izibani noma uhambise izandla zakho ukuze ubone ukuthi ungabona kude kangakanani phambi kwakho nasezinhlangothini.
• Ukuhlolwa kokubona umbala: Uboniswa isithombe esenziwe ngamachashazi anemibala enenombolo phakathi (ukuhlolwa kwepuleti lombala). Uma ungakwazi ukubona inombolo, ungase ube nenkinga yokungaboni imibala. Ungasebenzisa futhi idivayisi ebizwa ngokuthi i-anomaloscope ukuze ubone ukuthi ubona kanjani ukukhanya kanye nokukhanya kwemibala.
• I-Ophthalmoscopy: Lokhu kuhilela ukunweba amaconsi amehlo. Bese kusetshenziswa i-ophthalmoscope ukuhlola i-cornea yakho, ilensi, i-retina, i-macula, i-optic nerve, kanye nemithambo yegazi ezungezile. Lokhu kuhlolwa kubizwa nangokuthi i-fundoscopy.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-optical coherence tomography (OCT): Lokhu ukuhlolwa okungenabuhlungu. Kusebenzisa amaza okukhanya ukuthatha izithombe ezinemininingwane eminingi, ezinezinhlangothi ezintathu (3D) zezingqimba ze-retina yakho, ikakhulukazi i-macula, enkabeni yokubona kwakho. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungabona umonakalo kanye nokuwohloka kwe-macula kusenesikhathi nangokucacile kunezinye izivivinyo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Fundus autofluorescence imaging (FAF): Lena yindlela entsha yokuthwebula izithombe. Isebenzisa ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukuhlola amangqamuzana anombala ku-retina yakho. Amanye amangqamuzana amunca noma abonise lokhu kukhanya ngendlela ehlukile kunamanye. Lokhu kusiza udokotela ukuthi abone ukuthi kukhona yini umonakalo noma ukubhujiswa kwe-retina.

Ingabe i-Bull's Eye Maculopathy ingelapheka ngokuphelele?

Ngokudabukisayo, akukho ikhambi eliphelele elitholakele le-"Bull's Eye Maculopathy".

Iphathwa kanjani i-Bull's Eye Maculopathy?

Okwamanje akukho ukwelashwa okungabuyisela ukubona okulahlekile ngenxa ye-"Bull's Eye Maculopathy." Kodwa-ke, uma lesi simo sibangelwa umuthi noma i-iron eningi emzimbeni (ubuthi), ukuyeka umuthi noma ukulawula amazinga e-iron kungakwazi ukuvimbela noma ukulawula lesi sifo ukuthi singabi sibi kakhulu.

Ezimweni eziningi, umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa ukusiza iziguli ziphile nezimo ezifana nokulahlekelwa umbono kanye nokungaboni kahle. Udokotela wakho angase ancome okulandelayo:

• Ubuchwepheshe bokusiza: Isibonelo, izikhulisi zevidiyo, amaphrojektha, noma izifundi zesikrini.
• Izibuko noma amalensi okuxhumana.
• Ukuvuselelwa kokubona okuphansi noma ukwelashwa komsebenzi: Lokhu kukufundisa izindlela namasu ahlukahlukene okwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke ngokubona okuphansi.
• Izinsiza-kubona: Izinto ezifana nezikhulisi eziphathwa ngesandla, amatheleskopu, noma amalensi okuhlunga ukukhanya.

Uyini umbono womuntu one-"Bull's Eye Maculopathy"?

Ukulahlekelwa umbono okubangelwa yi-Bull's Eye Maculopathy kuvame ukuba khona njalo futhi kungaqhubeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi . Kodwa-ke, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, uma umonakalo we-macular ubangelwa into enobuthi, ukugwema into enobuthi kungasiza ekuvimbeleni lesi sifo ukuthi singabi sibi kakhulu.

Ingabe ikhona indlela yokuvimbela "i-Bull's Eye Maculopathy"?

Eqinisweni, ayikho indlela ethile yokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-"Bull's Eye Maculopathy".

Kodwa-ke, njengoba eminye imithi (isib. i-hydroxychloroquine) inengozi yokubangela lesi simo, uma imithi enjalo ithathwa isikhathi eside, ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo njengoba kwelulekwa udokotela kungasiza ekutholeni noma yimuphi umonakalo kusenesikhathi futhi kuvimbele lesi sifo ukuthi singabi sibi kakhulu.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami mayelana ne-"Bull's Eye Maculopathy"?

Uma une-"Bull's Eye Maculopathy", ungase ufune ukubuza udokotela wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• "Dokotela, ikhona yini imithi engiyisebenzisayo njengamanje engenza lesi simo sibe sibi kakhulu?"
• "Ingabe zikhona izithasiselo zokudla ezingasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukubona kwami?"
• "Ngingayenza kanjani imisebenzi yami yansuku zonke ngalokhu kulahlekelwa umbono? Yiziphi ezinye izindlela engingathola ngazo usizo ngalokho?"
• "Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi kusaphephile yini ukuthi ngishayele?"
• "Ingabe lokhu kungaboni kwami ​​​​kuyohlala njalo?"
• "Kungenzeka kangakanani ukuthi umbono wami uzoqhubeka uba mubi?"

I-Bull's Eye Maculopathy iyisimo esingavamile. Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko embonweni wakho, akunakwenzeka ukuthi zibangelwa yilesi simo. Kodwa-ke, ungayinaki inkinga yokubona. Nakuba ukulahlekelwa umbono wakho kungaba yinto eyesabekayo necindezelayo, kunezindlela zokubhekana nazo. Udokotela wakho angakudlulisela ezinsizeni zokubona, izinsizakalo zokusekela, kanye nokwelashwa okudingayo.

Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ekuboneni kwakho, ekuboneni okufiphele, noma kwezinye izimpawu ezintsha, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imbangela yokulahlekelwa kwakho ukubona iyini, ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kunganciphisa, kumise, futhi mhlawumbe kubuyisele emuva izinkinga zokubona.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ake sifingqe ezinye zezinto esikhulume ngazo namuhla ongase uzithole zibalulekile:

• I-Bull's Eye I-Maculopathy yisifo samehlo esingavamile kakhulu lapho isikhungo sokubona (i-macula) esweni sonakaliswa khona, okuholela ekubeni kube nephethini efana "neso lenkunzi".
• Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi umbono ophakathi ube buthaka. Lokhu kungathinta izinto ezifana nokufunda izincwadi nokubona ubuso.
• Lokhu kungabangelwa izici zofuzo, ezinye izifo, kanye nokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwemithi ethile .
• Akukho ukwelashwa okuqinisekile kwalesi simo okwamanje. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela zokusiza ukulawula izimpawu nokwenza impilo ibe lula.
• Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ekuboneni kwakho, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela wamehlo ngokushesha. Ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa ngokushesha kungasiza ekuvimbeleni isimo ukuba singabi sibi kakhulu.

Kungumthwalo wakho ukunakekela amehlo akho. Amehlo anempilo ayikukhanya okukhulu empilweni.

I- Bull's Eye Maculopathy, isifo samehlo, isikhungo sokubona, i-macula, ukulahlekelwa umbono, ukuhlolwa kwamehlo, i-hydroxychloroquine