Ingabe ingane yakho inazo izindawo zokudla ikhofi noma ikhofi? Ake sixoxe ngalezi zindawo zokudla ikhofi noma ....

Wake wawabona amabala ansundu akhanyayo esikhumbeni somntwana wakho, noma mhlawumbe esikhumbeni sakho, abukeka njengombala wekhofi enobisi? Abanye omama bayakhathazeka kancane uma bewabona. Kodwa akuwona wonke amabala ayingozi. Namuhla sizoxoxa ngalawa abizwa ngokuthi amabala e-Café-au-Lait. Ake sithole ukuthi ayini ngempela, kungani evelela, nokuthi ayingozi yini noma cha.

Ziyini lezi zindawo zeCafé-au-Lait?

Kalula nje, amabala e-Café-au-Lait awuhlobo lophawu lokuzalwa olunombala oluvela esikhumbeni. Igama elithi "Café-au-Lait" liyigama lesiFulentshi elisho "ikhofi enobisi." Ngakho-ke, umbala wala mabala ungahluka kusukela konsundu olukhanyayo kuya konsundu omnyama, njengekhofi enobisi. Lo mbala ubukeka uhlukile kolunye uhlangothi lwesikhumba sakho.

La mabala angahluka ngobukhulu kusukela kumamilimitha ambalwa kuya ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angu-20. Avame ukuba khona esikhumbeni sezingane lapho zizalwa noma avele ebuntwaneni. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi la mabala angavela nakubantu abadala. Akuwona amaqhubu aphakanyisiwe esikhumbeni, kodwa ahambisana nesikhumba.

Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo zalezi zindawo?

Yebo, lezi zindawo zeCafé-au-Lait zihlukaniswe kakhulu zibe izinhlobo ezimbili ngokusekelwe esimweni sazo kanye nephethini yazo. La magama angase azwakale engavamile, kodwa kunesizathu sawo.

1. Uhlobo "logu lwaseCalifornia": Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Njengogu lolwandle olusebalazweni lesifundazwe saseCalifornia e-United States, lezi zindawo zinemiphetho ecacile nebushelelezi. Kungase kube nendawo eyodwa noma izindawo eziningana ezinemiphetho ecacile.

2. Uhlobo "logu lwaseMaine": Lolu uhlobo olungavamile kakhulu. Njengogu lwaseMaine e-United States, la mabala anemiphetho eqinile, egobile kancane.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi uma ingane yakho inamabala angaphezu kwayisithupha "ogwini lwaseCalifornia" esikhumbeni sayo, kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha. Ngoba ukuba namabala amaningi ngezinye izikhathi kungaba uphawu lwesimo esingaphansi, njengesimo sofuzo njenge- Neurofibromatosis uhlobo 1 (NF1) . Lezi yizimo ezithinta isikhumba kanye nesistimu yezinzwa.

Ubani othola lezi zindawo kaningi? Kuvamile kangakanani?

Izindawo ze-café-au-Lait zingenzeka kunoma ubani. Zivame ukuzalwa, okusho ukuthi zikhona lapho zizalwa. Kodwa-ke, zingase zingabonakali kangako esikhumbeni somntwana osanda kuzalwa. Njengoba zikhula, ikakhulukazi ngemva kweminyaka emibili, ziya ngokuya zibonakala.

Nakuba la mabala evame kakhulu kubantu abanesikhumba esimnyama, angabonakala kunoma ubani onombala wesikhumba.

Ezinye izindawo ze-cafe-au-lait zihlotshaniswa nezimo zofuzo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma othile emndenini wakho enalesi simo, kungaba yisici esizuzwa njengefa. Uma uhlela ukuba nezingane, kubalulekile ukuthola ukuthi kukhona yini isimo sofuzo emndenini wakho. Ungakhuluma nodokotela ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngalokhu futhi ubuze ngokuhlolwa kofuzo .

Lezi zindawo zivame kakhulu kangangokuthi kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe u-10% wabantu bonke banendawo okungenani eyodwa yeCafé-au-Lait.

Futhi, abantu abangu-95% abane -neurofibromatosis uhlobo 1 (NF1) banezindawo ezingaphezu kweziyisithupha ze-café-au-lait.

Ingabe izindawo ze-Café-au-Lait ziyamthinta umntwana nganoma iyiphi indlela?

Esikhathini esiningi, izindawo ze-Café-au-Lait zimane nje ziyizindawo. Azinawo umdlavuza (ezingenabungozi), okusho ukuthi aziyona ingozi, futhi azibangeli monakalo emzimbeni wengane. Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe unezindawo eyodwa noma ezimbili zalezi, akukho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho.

Kodwa-ke, njengoba ngishilo ekuqaleni, uma ingane yakho inamabala angaphezu kwayisithupha (06) esikhumbeni sayo, kufanele nakanjani ubonane nodokotela wezingane noma udokotela wesikhumba. Njengoba inani lamabala landa, kungaba uphawu lwesinye isimo esiyisisekelo sezakhi zofuzo.

Zibukeka kanjani ngempela lezi zindawo?

Kunezici eziningana ezingakusiza ukuhlukanisa izindawo ze-café-au-lait kwezinye izimpawu zokuzalwa. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini:

• Izindawo ezisicaba: Lezi aziphakami njengezimbobo. Ngokuvamile zitholakala esiqwini, ezingalweni, emilenzeni nasezinqeni.
• Umbala osukela konsundu okhanyayo kuya konsundu omnyama: njengombala wekhofi nobisi.
• Isimo esiyindilinga noma esiyisiyingi: Usayizi ungasukela kumamilimitha amabili (mm) kuya ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-20 (cm).
• Unqenqema olubushelelezi noma oluqinile oluzungeze indawo: njenge-"California beach" noma "Maine beach" esikhulume ngayo.
• Ubukhulu kanye nenani lamabala kunganda njengoba iminyaka ikhula.
• La mabala awabangeli ubuhlungu, ukulunywa, noma ezinye izimpawu.

Kungani kuvela lezi zindawo zeCafé-au-Lait? Iyini imbangela?

Isizathu esiyinhloko sokwakheka kwala mabala ukwanda kwenani lama-melanocyte, uhlobo lweseli elinika isikhumba umbala, engxenyeni encane yangaphandle yesikhumba sethu, ingxenye ebizwa ngokuthi i-epidermis. Lawa ma-melanocyte akhiqiza i-pigment melanin . Le melanin inikeza isikhumba sethu umbala, amehlo, nezinwele, futhi ivikela isikhumba elangeni. Ngakho-ke, uma inani elikhulu lala maseli e-melanocyte liqongelela endaweni ethile ngokuzumayo, ukukhiqizwa kwe-melanin nakho kuyanda, futhi umbala wesikhumba kuleyo ndawo uba nsundu omnyama. Leyo indawo ye-Café-au-Lait.

Kodwa-ke, isizathu esicacile asikatholakali sokuthi kungani la maseli e-melanocyte evame ukuqongelela ngamanani amakhulu kangaka endaweni eyodwa.

Kodwa-ke, i-neurofibromatosis uhlobo 1 (NF1)Amabala e-Café-au-Lait abangelwa ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okuthiwa i-NF1 gene . Izakhi zofuzo ze-NF1 zilawula ukuthi amaseli akhula ngokushesha kangakanani. Ngakho-ke uma lesi sakhi sofuzo siguquguquka, amaseli e-melanocyte akhula ngokungalawuleki futhi akhiqize i-melanin eningi kakhulu esikhumbeni.

Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ze-NF1 kungenzeka ngokungahleliwe, ngaphandle kokuba omunye umuntu emndenini abe nakho. Ngezinye izikhathi, uma omunye wabazali enezakhi zofuzo ze-NF1 eziguquliwe, ingane ingazuza lesi simo njengefa. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-autosomal dominant inheritance . Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani nezinye izimo ezilawula i-autosomal, ukuze i-NF1 ikhule ngokugcwele, ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ekhophini yesibili yezakhi zofuzo ze-NF1 kumele kwenzeke ngesikhathi sokuphila komuntu. Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane, ngakho-ke kungcono ukucela udokotela ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Udokotela uwabona kanjani la mabala?

Ngemva kokuzalwa kwengane yakho, udokotela uzokwenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwengane yakho, akunjalo? Ngaleso sikhathi, udokotela uzobona noma yiziphi izimpawu zokuzalwa esikhumbeni sengane yakho, kufaka phakathi izindawo zeCafé-au-Lait. Uzokweluleka nokuthi uhlole ukuthi zingaki kulezi zindawo ingane yakho enazo njengoba ikhula.

La mabala angase angabonakali ngokuphelele esikhumbeni somntwana osanda kuzalwa, kodwa lapho umntwana eseneminyaka emibili ubudala, noma ngemva kokuchayeka elangeni, la mabala aqala ukubonakala kakhulu.

Uma kunezindawo ezingaphezu kweziyisithupha, ingabe kungaba uphawu lwesinye isifo?

Yebo, yilokho okufanele sikhathazeke kakhulu ngakho. Ukuba nezindawo ze-Café-au-Lait ezingaphezu kweziyisithupha (06) kungaba uphawu lwezinye izimo zofuzo ezingaphansi. Ezinye zalezi zimo zifaka:

• Uhlobo 1 lwe-Neurofibromatosis (NF1)
• Isifo sikaMcCune-Albright
• I-Noonan syndrome
• I-Watson syndrome

Ngakho-ke, uma ubona amabala e-Café-au-Lait angaphezu kwayisithupha esikhumbeni sengane yakho, ungachithi sikhathi bese ubona udokotela wengane yakho ngokushesha. Angahlola amabala bese ekudlulisela ukuze uhlolwe okwengeziwe uma kudingeka.

Ingabe ikhona indlela yokwelapha lezi zindawo zeCafé-au-Lait?

Izindawo ze-Café-au-Lait azinawo umdlavuza (ezingenabungozi), okusho ukuthi azinangozi, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile azidingi ukwelashwa. Azibangeli zimpawu.

Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangase bafune ukususa la mabala ngezizathu zobuhle, okungukuthi, ukuze babukeke kangcono. Uma kunjalo, ungakhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokwelashwa nge-laser . Kodwa-ke, kunezingozi ezithile lapho kususwa amabala ngokwelashwa nge-laser. Isibonelo, umbala wesikhumba ungase ube mnyama endaweni elashwe ngayo (hyperpigmentation)., kungase kwakheke izibazi, umbala webala ungase unganyamalali ngokuphelele, noma ibala lingaphinde livele ngemva kokususwa.

Ingabe ikhona indlela yokunciphisa ukuvela kwalezi zinhlayiya ezinganeni?

Empeleni, ayikho indlela yokuvimbela ukwakheka kwamabala eCafé-au-Lait, ngoba asikwazi ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwamabala okuzalwa.

Kodwa-ke, uma othile emndenini wakho enesifo sofuzo esifana ne -neurofibromatosis uhlobo 1 (NF1) , ukukhuluma nodokotela mayelana nokuhlolwa kofuzo ngaphambi kokuthi uhlele ukukhulelwa kungakusiza uqonde ingozi yakho yokuba nengane enaleso simo.

Uma ingane yami inalezi zindawo, yini okufanele ngiyilindele?

Izindawo ze-café-au-Lait zikhona kusukela ekuzalweni. Zingahlala impilo yonke yengane. Usayizi nesimo salezi zindawo kungashintsha kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Futhi, lezi zindawo zingase zibonakale kakhulu uma zichayeke elangeni.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha uma ubona amabala angaphezu kwayisithupha esikhumbeni sengane yakho ukuze ubone ukuthi ngabe kuyisibonakaliso sesinye isimo sezempilo esiyisisekelo.

Kunini lapho udinga ukubonana nodokotela?

Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ezindaweni ze-Café-au-Lait zengane yakho, isibonelo , uma izindawo zivuvukala, ziphakama, zizwakala zinamaqhubu lapho zithintwa, noma uma ubukhulu noma inani lamaqhubu landa ngokuzumayo, bona udokotela ngokushesha.

Kuvamile ukuba nezindawo ezimbalwa ze-café-au-lait. Kodwa-ke, ukuba nezindawo ezingaphezu kweziyisithupha kungaba uphawu lwesimo sezokwelapha esiyimfihlo. Nazi ezinye izimpawu ezihambisana nezimo ezivamile eziyisisekelo ezibangela izindawo ze-café-au-lait:

• Izinkinga zokukhuluma nolimi.
• Amaqhubu angewona umdlavuza ngaphansi kwesikhumba (i-neurofibromas) .
• Amabala ngaphansi kwamakhwapha.
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (umfutho wegazi ophakeme) .
• Izinkinga zokukhula kwamathambo, isibonelo , i-scoliosis .
• Isifo sokungakwazi ukunaka/sokungasebenzi kahle (ADHD) .

Uma ingane yakho inezinye izimpawu ezifana nalezi kanye nezindawo eziningi ze-Café-au-Lait, yazisa udokotela ngalokho futhi.

Yimiphi imibuzo ebalulekile okufanele uyibuze udokotela?

Uma uya kudokotela, ungabuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Ingabe izindawo zokudla ze-café-au-lait zengane yami ziyisibonakaliso sesifo sofuzo?
• Ngingathola yini ukuhlolwa kofuzo ukuze ngihlole ingozi yami yokuba nengane enesifo sofuzo?
• Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma ngibona amabala e-Café-au-Lait angaphezu kwayisithupha esikhumbeni sengane yami?

Ingabe izindawo zeCafé-au-Lait zingavela ngokuzumayo ngisho nangemva kokuba sezikhulile?

Yebo, kungenzeka. Nakuba amabala e-café-au-lait evame ukuba khona esikhumbeni sezingane ezisanda kuzalwa, kuvamile nokuthi la mabala avele esikhumbeni somuntu kamuva ekuphileni. Kuvamile ukuthi umuntu abe namabala ambalwa e-café-au-lait. Kodwa-ke, uma unezindawo ezingaphezu kweziyisithupha, kungaba uphawu lwesimo sezempilo esicashile. Ngakho-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uneminyaka emingaki, uma ubona amabala angaphezu kweziyisithupha esikhumbeni sakho, bheka udokotela ukuze ahlolwe.

Ingabe la mabala angaba khona ngaphandle kwe-neurofibromatosis?

Yebo, impela. Kuvamile kakhulu ukuthi abantu babe namabala amaningana e-café-au-lait emizimbeni yabo ngaphandle kwesimo esiyisisekelo, njenge- neurofibromatosis uhlobo 1 (NF1) . Abantu abane-NF1 bavame ukuba namabala e-café-au-lait angaphezu kwayisithupha, futhi babonisa nezinye izimpawu ezihambisana nokuxilongwa.

Ingabe la mabala afana nokuqubuka kwesikhumba?

Cha. Nakuba la mabala angase abukeke njengokuqhuma, amabala e-Café-au-Lait awabangelwa ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba. Ukuqubuka kuvame ukuba pinki noma kubomvu, akunjalo? Kodwa amabala e-Café-au-Lait ahluka ngombala kusukela konsundu okhanyayo kuya konsundu omnyama. Futhi, yize ukuqubuka kungabangela izimpawu ezifana nokulunywa, amabala e-Café-au-Lait awabangeli ukulunywa noma okunye ukungakhululeki.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Amabala e-café-au-Lait awuhlobo lophawu lokuzalwa olungavela esikhumbeni sengane yakho, futhi ngokuvamile alunangozi. Nakuba engeyona ingozi, kubalulekile ukulandelela ukuthi ingane yakho inawo amangaki kulawa mabala. Amabala angaphezu kwayisithupha angaba uphawu lwesimo sezempilo esingaphansi. Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko kumabala okuzalwa engane yakho, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ungesabi, ukuqaphela kubalulekile!

'Amabala e-Café-au-Lait, amabala esikhumba, izimpawu zokuzalwa, amabala ansundu, impilo yezingane, izifo zofuzo, i-neurofibromatosis, i-Neurofibromatosis