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Kuyini Ukuvuselelwa Komdlavuza? Ake sixoxe ngakho kalula.

Kuyini Ukuvuselelwa Komdlavuza? Ake sixoxe ngakho kalula.

Sonke siyazi ukuthi ukulwa nomdlavuza akuyona indlela elula. Kuyinselele enkulu ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Akudingeki ulwe wedwa nokukhathala, ubuhlungu, kanye nobunzima obuhlukahlukene obuhambisana nokwelashwa. Namuhla sikhuluma ngenkonzo ekhethekile engakusiza, ikuqinise, futhi ithuthukise ikhwalithi yempilo yakho. Lokho ukuvuselelwa komdlavuza, noma njengoba sisho ngesiNgisi, 'Ukuvuselelwa Komdlavuza'.

Kalula nje, kuyini ukuvuselelwa komdlavuza?

Ukuvuselelwa komdlavuza kuyisevisi yokunakekelwa okukhethekile esiza ukuvimbela, ukunciphisa, nokuqeda izimpawu nemiphumela emibi oyitholayo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi phakathi nohambo lwakho lokwelashwa komdlavuza, kungaba ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, noma ngemva kokwelashwa. Cabanga ngakho njengomngane okusizayo endleleni.

Udokotela wakho angase asebenzise amanye amagama kulokhu. Isibonelo, ungase uzwe amagama athi ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, ukwelashwa ngokomsebenzi, noma ukwelashwa ngokukhuluma. Konke lokhu kuyingxenye yokuvuselelwa komdlavuza.

Lolu hlelo lwenzelwe umzimba wakho nezidingo zakho ngokuphelele. Mhlawumbe ufuna nje ukuthuthukisa impilo yenhliziyo yakho kancane ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa. Noma mhlawumbe ukhathele kakhulu ngenxa yokwelashwa ukwenza imisebenzi yasekhaya. Mhlawumbe imisipha yakho ibuthakathaka futhi unenkinga yokuhambahamba endlini. Noma mhlawumbe unenkinga yokukhumbula izinto noma ukwakha imisho (inkungu yobuchopho). Ukuvuselelwa komdlavuza kungasiza kukho konke lokhu.

Ukuvuselelwa komdlavuza kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokunakekelwa kwakho kokusinda komdlavuza. Kuhloswe ngokuyinhloko ukunciphisa ukungakhululeki kwakho ngokomzimba nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza komzimba wakho.

Yiziphi izimpawu lokhu okukusiza ngazo?

Ukuvuselelwa komdlavuza kungakusiza ukulungiselela ukwelashwa, kanye nokunikeza impumuzo ezimpawini ezahlukahlukene ezingase zivele ngesikhathi sokwelashwa nangemva kwalokho. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini.

Izimpawu/ukungakhululeki Incazelo elula
Izinkinga zebhalansi Ubunzima bokulawula umzimba lapho uhamba noma umile.
Ubunzima bokugwinya Ubunzima noma ubuhlungu lapho ugwinya ukudla noma isiphuzo.
Ukukhathala Ukukhathala okukhulu okungapheli ngisho noma uphumule okuvamile.
Ubuthakathaka bemisipha kanye nokuba ndikindiki (i-Peripheral Neuropathy) Ubuthakathaka bemisipha, ukungazweli, noma izikhonkwane nezinaliti ezithweni.
Ubuhlungu Ubuhlungu bomzimba obubangelwa ukwelashwa noma umdlavuza.
Ukuvuvukala nokungakhululeki (i-Lymphedema) Ukuvuvukala ezithweni noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
Izinkinga zenkumbulo nokucabanga (Inkungu yobuchopho) Ubunzima bokucabanga ngokucacile, ukukhumbula amagama, noma ukugxila kokuthile.
Ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa Izimo zengqondo ezifana nokucindezeleka nokukhathazeka.

Kunezigaba ezine eziyinhloko zokuvuselelwa.

Ukuvuselelwa komdlavuza akuyona indlela eyodwa efanela wonke umuntu. Kuyahlukahluka kuye ngesigaba sokwelashwa okuso. Lokhu akufanele kudidaniswe nesigaba somdlavuza wakho. Lokhu kumayelana nezigaba zohambo lokwelashwa.

1. Ukuvuselelwa ngaphambi kokwelashwa (Ukuvuselelwa Okuvimbelayo noma Ukulungiswa Kwesimo Esiphuthumayo)

Yenza lokhu ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukwelashwa.Umgomo uwukulungiselela umzimba wakho ngendlela enokwenzeka ukwelashwa. Lokhu kungasiza nasekuvimbeleni eminye yemiphumela emibi ehambisana nokwelashwa.

  • Ukuzivocavoca: Ukunikeza izivivinyo zokuqinisa imisipha ethile ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
  • Ukudla Okunomsoco: Ukunikeza iseluleko esivela kuchwepheshe wezokudla ukuze ugcine isisindo esinempilo esifanelana nomzimba wakho.
  • Impilo yengqondo: Ukuhlinzeka nge-psychotherapy ukuze kukusize uqonde futhi ubhekane nokugula kwakho okusha, ulawule ukucindezeleka, futhi ulale kangcono.

2. Ukuvuselelwa Kokuvuselela

Lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi uthola ukwelashwa . Umgomo ukunciphisa imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa nokusiza umzimba wakho ukuthi ululame.

  • Ukwelashwa Komzimba: Kukusiza ukuthi uhambe futhi ushukumise umzimba wakho ngokuzethemba futhi ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
  • Imishini: Ukuhlinzeka ngemishini efana ne-walker noma izinduku zokubambelela ukuze kuphephe uma uhamba.
  • Ukuzivocavoca kokuphefumula: Ukuzijwayeza ukuzivocavoca okukhethekile kokuphefumula kwezinkinga zokuphefumula.
  • Ukuzivocavoca okulula: Ukuzivocavoca okulula kunganciphisa ukukhathala nobuthakathaka.

3. Ukuvuselelwa Okusekelayo

Ngisho nangemva kokuphela kokwelashwa komdlavuza, eminye imiphumela ingase ihlale ikhona. Ungase uzizwe ubuthakathaka, unezinkinga zokukhumbula, futhi kufanele uthole izindlela ezintsha zokwenza imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke. Yilapho lesi sigaba sibalulekile khona.

  • Ukwelashwa Ngenkulumo: Ukwelapha ubunzima bokukhuluma noma bokugwinya uma buvela.
  • Ukwelashwa Komsebenzi: Kukusiza ukuthi wenze imisebenzi yansuku zonke (njengokupheka, ukugqoka) kalula futhi.
  • Ukuvuselelwa Kokuqonda: Ukusiza ukubuyisela izinto ezifana nenkumbulo nokunaka.

4. Ukuvuselelwa Kobuhlungu Bokuqaqamba Kwamalunga

Ngezinye izikhathi umdlavuza ungasabeli ekwelashweni. Ezimweni ezinjalo, umgomo walesi sigaba ukukusiza uhlale ukhululekile futhi ungenabuhlungu ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ukuzivocavoca okuthambile, ukwelashwa ngokushisa, kanye namasu okuphumula.

Ubani ohlinzeka ngalezi zinsizakalo?

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza kuwumzamo weqembu. Ochwepheshe abavela emikhakheni eyahlukene bazokusiza, kuye ngezidingo zakho.

  • Udokotela Wezokwelapha: Usiza ekuthuthukiseni ukunyakaza komzimba, amandla, kanye nokulinganisela.
  • Udokotela Wezokwelapha Emsebenzini: Ukusiza ukuthi wenze impilo yakho yansuku zonke ibe lula.
  • Isazi Sezifo Zolimi Lokukhuluma: Sisiza ngezinkinga zokukhuluma, ukugwinya, kanye nokuxhumana.
  • Uchwepheshe Wezokudla/Isazi Sokudla Okunomsoco:Ikuqondisa ukuthi uthole ukudla okunomsoco okudingayo.
  • Udokotela Wezifo Zengqondo noma Udokotela Wezifo Zengqondo: Uhlinzeka ngokusekelwa kwezinkinga zempilo yengqondo.

Yini okufanele uyilindele kulokhu?

Ingqikithi yalolu hlelo lonke nguwe nezidingo zakho . Uyilungu elibaluleke kakhulu.

1. Ukukhuluma: Khuluma ngokukhululekile nethimba lakho lezokwelapha mayelana nokungakhululeki kwakho ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo.

2. Ukubeka imigomo: Beka imigomo elinganisekayo nengokoqobo, njengokuthi "Ngifuna ukukwazi ukukhuphuka izitebhisi ngaphandle kosizo lwanoma ubani."

3. Ukusebenza nethimba: Sebenzisana nethimba lezokwelapha ukuze ufinyelele leyo migomo.

Amazinga amandla eziguli ezinomdlavuza angashintshashintsha usuku nosuku. Lokho kuvamile. Ubuhlungu bungafika budlule. Yenza izivivinyo nemisebenzi enikezwayo ngangokunokwenzeka. Kodwa uma uzwa ubuhlungu ngenkathi wenza okuthile, ungakuphoqeleli. Khuluma nodokotela wakho noma nomeluleki ngakho.

Futhi, tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezintsha ezilandelayo:

  • Imizwa yokukhathazeka okukhulu, ukucindezeleka, noma ukuphelelwa yithemba.
  • Izinkinga zokungalali.
  • Uma unemicabango yokuzilimaza, hamba ngokushesha esibhedlela esiseduze noMnyango Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU).

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza kusiza abantu abaningi ukuba baphile isikhathi eside ngemva kokuxilongwa komdlavuza. Kodwa ukwelashwa kungalimaza umzimba. Ukuhlinzwa, i-chemotherapy, kanye nemisebe konke kungabangela ubuhlungu, ukukhathala, kanye nezinkinga zenkumbulo. Ukuvuselelwa komdlavuza kuyithuluzi elinamandla lokukusiza ukubhekana nazo zonke lezi zinguquko zomzimba. Lezi zinsizakalo zezempilo eziphelele zenzelwe izidingo zakho futhi zivula indlela yokuba uphile impilo engcono kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

  • Ukuvuselelwa Komdlavuza kuyisevisi yokunakekelwa okukhethekile esiza ekunciphiseni ukungakhululeki ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo okubangelwa ukwelashwa komdlavuza futhi kwenze impilo yakho ibe lula.
  • Lezi zinsizakalo zingatholakala ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, nangemva kokwelashwa.
  • Lokhu kuhlanganisa izinto eziningi ezifana nokwelashwa ngokomzimba, ukwelashwa ngokomsebenzi, ukwelashwa ngenkulumo, kanye nokwelulekwa ngokudla okunempilo.
  • Lolu uhlelo oluklanyelwe wena ngqo, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho ngezinto ezikukhathazayo.
  • Qiniseka ukuthi ubuza udokotela wakho ngolwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nalezi zinsizakalo nokuthi nawe ungazuza yini kuzo.

Ukuvuselelwa komdlavuza, ukwelashwa komdlavuza, ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, izimpawu zomdlavuza, ukunakekelwa kokwelapha umdlavuza, imiphumela emibi yomdlavuza, ukuvuselelwa komdlavuza i-sinhala
⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

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Awekho amazwana athunyelwe okwamanje. Faka amazwana akho lapha okokuqala ngqa.

Engeza amazwana akho

Sicela ubale: 2 + 6 =
Kuyini Ukuvuselelwa Komdlavuza? Ake sixoxe ngakho kalula.

Kuyini Ukuvuselelwa Komdlavuza? Ake sixoxe ngakho kalula.

Sonke siyazi ukuthi ukulwa nomdlavuza akuyona indlela elula. Kuyinselele enkulu ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Akudingeki ulwe wedwa nokukhathala, ubuhlungu, kanye nobunzima obuhlukahlukene obuhambisana nokwelashwa. Namuhla sikhuluma ngenkonzo ekhethekile engakusiza, ikuqinise, futhi ithuthukise ikhwalithi yempilo yakho. Lokho ukuvuselelwa komdlavuza, noma njengoba sisho ngesiNgisi, 'Ukuvuselelwa Komdlavuza'.

Kalula nje, kuyini ukuvuselelwa komdlavuza?

Ukuvuselelwa komdlavuza kuyisevisi yokunakekelwa okukhethekile esiza ukuvimbela, ukunciphisa, nokuqeda izimpawu nemiphumela emibi oyitholayo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi phakathi nohambo lwakho lokwelashwa komdlavuza, kungaba ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, noma ngemva kokwelashwa. Cabanga ngakho njengomngane okusizayo endleleni.

Udokotela wakho angase asebenzise amanye amagama kulokhu. Isibonelo, ungase uzwe amagama athi ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, ukwelashwa ngokomsebenzi, noma ukwelashwa ngokukhuluma. Konke lokhu kuyingxenye yokuvuselelwa komdlavuza.

Lolu hlelo lwenzelwe umzimba wakho nezidingo zakho ngokuphelele. Mhlawumbe ufuna nje ukuthuthukisa impilo yenhliziyo yakho kancane ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa. Noma mhlawumbe ukhathele kakhulu ngenxa yokwelashwa ukwenza imisebenzi yasekhaya. Mhlawumbe imisipha yakho ibuthakathaka futhi unenkinga yokuhambahamba endlini. Noma mhlawumbe unenkinga yokukhumbula izinto noma ukwakha imisho (inkungu yobuchopho). Ukuvuselelwa komdlavuza kungasiza kukho konke lokhu.

Ukuvuselelwa komdlavuza kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokunakekelwa kwakho kokusinda komdlavuza. Kuhloswe ngokuyinhloko ukunciphisa ukungakhululeki kwakho ngokomzimba nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza komzimba wakho.

Yiziphi izimpawu lokhu okukusiza ngazo?

Ukuvuselelwa komdlavuza kungakusiza ukulungiselela ukwelashwa, kanye nokunikeza impumuzo ezimpawini ezahlukahlukene ezingase zivele ngesikhathi sokwelashwa nangemva kwalokho. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini.

Izimpawu/ukungakhululeki Incazelo elula
Izinkinga zebhalansi Ubunzima bokulawula umzimba lapho uhamba noma umile.
Ubunzima bokugwinya Ubunzima noma ubuhlungu lapho ugwinya ukudla noma isiphuzo.
Ukukhathala Ukukhathala okukhulu okungapheli ngisho noma uphumule okuvamile.
Ubuthakathaka bemisipha kanye nokuba ndikindiki (i-Peripheral Neuropathy) Ubuthakathaka bemisipha, ukungazweli, noma izikhonkwane nezinaliti ezithweni.
Ubuhlungu Ubuhlungu bomzimba obubangelwa ukwelashwa noma umdlavuza.
Ukuvuvukala nokungakhululeki (i-Lymphedema) Ukuvuvukala ezithweni noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
Izinkinga zenkumbulo nokucabanga (Inkungu yobuchopho) Ubunzima bokucabanga ngokucacile, ukukhumbula amagama, noma ukugxila kokuthile.
Ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa Izimo zengqondo ezifana nokucindezeleka nokukhathazeka.

Kunezigaba ezine eziyinhloko zokuvuselelwa.

Ukuvuselelwa komdlavuza akuyona indlela eyodwa efanela wonke umuntu. Kuyahlukahluka kuye ngesigaba sokwelashwa okuso. Lokhu akufanele kudidaniswe nesigaba somdlavuza wakho. Lokhu kumayelana nezigaba zohambo lokwelashwa.

1. Ukuvuselelwa ngaphambi kokwelashwa (Ukuvuselelwa Okuvimbelayo noma Ukulungiswa Kwesimo Esiphuthumayo)

Yenza lokhu ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukwelashwa.Umgomo uwukulungiselela umzimba wakho ngendlela enokwenzeka ukwelashwa. Lokhu kungasiza nasekuvimbeleni eminye yemiphumela emibi ehambisana nokwelashwa.

  • Ukuzivocavoca: Ukunikeza izivivinyo zokuqinisa imisipha ethile ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
  • Ukudla Okunomsoco: Ukunikeza iseluleko esivela kuchwepheshe wezokudla ukuze ugcine isisindo esinempilo esifanelana nomzimba wakho.
  • Impilo yengqondo: Ukuhlinzeka nge-psychotherapy ukuze kukusize uqonde futhi ubhekane nokugula kwakho okusha, ulawule ukucindezeleka, futhi ulale kangcono.

2. Ukuvuselelwa Kokuvuselela

Lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi uthola ukwelashwa . Umgomo ukunciphisa imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa nokusiza umzimba wakho ukuthi ululame.

  • Ukwelashwa Komzimba: Kukusiza ukuthi uhambe futhi ushukumise umzimba wakho ngokuzethemba futhi ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
  • Imishini: Ukuhlinzeka ngemishini efana ne-walker noma izinduku zokubambelela ukuze kuphephe uma uhamba.
  • Ukuzivocavoca kokuphefumula: Ukuzijwayeza ukuzivocavoca okukhethekile kokuphefumula kwezinkinga zokuphefumula.
  • Ukuzivocavoca okulula: Ukuzivocavoca okulula kunganciphisa ukukhathala nobuthakathaka.

3. Ukuvuselelwa Okusekelayo

Ngisho nangemva kokuphela kokwelashwa komdlavuza, eminye imiphumela ingase ihlale ikhona. Ungase uzizwe ubuthakathaka, unezinkinga zokukhumbula, futhi kufanele uthole izindlela ezintsha zokwenza imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke. Yilapho lesi sigaba sibalulekile khona.

  • Ukwelashwa Ngenkulumo: Ukwelapha ubunzima bokukhuluma noma bokugwinya uma buvela.
  • Ukwelashwa Komsebenzi: Kukusiza ukuthi wenze imisebenzi yansuku zonke (njengokupheka, ukugqoka) kalula futhi.
  • Ukuvuselelwa Kokuqonda: Ukusiza ukubuyisela izinto ezifana nenkumbulo nokunaka.

4. Ukuvuselelwa Kobuhlungu Bokuqaqamba Kwamalunga

Ngezinye izikhathi umdlavuza ungasabeli ekwelashweni. Ezimweni ezinjalo, umgomo walesi sigaba ukukusiza uhlale ukhululekile futhi ungenabuhlungu ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ukuzivocavoca okuthambile, ukwelashwa ngokushisa, kanye namasu okuphumula.

Ubani ohlinzeka ngalezi zinsizakalo?

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza kuwumzamo weqembu. Ochwepheshe abavela emikhakheni eyahlukene bazokusiza, kuye ngezidingo zakho.

  • Udokotela Wezokwelapha: Usiza ekuthuthukiseni ukunyakaza komzimba, amandla, kanye nokulinganisela.
  • Udokotela Wezokwelapha Emsebenzini: Ukusiza ukuthi wenze impilo yakho yansuku zonke ibe lula.
  • Isazi Sezifo Zolimi Lokukhuluma: Sisiza ngezinkinga zokukhuluma, ukugwinya, kanye nokuxhumana.
  • Uchwepheshe Wezokudla/Isazi Sokudla Okunomsoco:Ikuqondisa ukuthi uthole ukudla okunomsoco okudingayo.
  • Udokotela Wezifo Zengqondo noma Udokotela Wezifo Zengqondo: Uhlinzeka ngokusekelwa kwezinkinga zempilo yengqondo.

Yini okufanele uyilindele kulokhu?

Ingqikithi yalolu hlelo lonke nguwe nezidingo zakho . Uyilungu elibaluleke kakhulu.

1. Ukukhuluma: Khuluma ngokukhululekile nethimba lakho lezokwelapha mayelana nokungakhululeki kwakho ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo.

2. Ukubeka imigomo: Beka imigomo elinganisekayo nengokoqobo, njengokuthi "Ngifuna ukukwazi ukukhuphuka izitebhisi ngaphandle kosizo lwanoma ubani."

3. Ukusebenza nethimba: Sebenzisana nethimba lezokwelapha ukuze ufinyelele leyo migomo.

Amazinga amandla eziguli ezinomdlavuza angashintshashintsha usuku nosuku. Lokho kuvamile. Ubuhlungu bungafika budlule. Yenza izivivinyo nemisebenzi enikezwayo ngangokunokwenzeka. Kodwa uma uzwa ubuhlungu ngenkathi wenza okuthile, ungakuphoqeleli. Khuluma nodokotela wakho noma nomeluleki ngakho.

Futhi, tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezintsha ezilandelayo:

  • Imizwa yokukhathazeka okukhulu, ukucindezeleka, noma ukuphelelwa yithemba.
  • Izinkinga zokungalali.
  • Uma unemicabango yokuzilimaza, hamba ngokushesha esibhedlela esiseduze noMnyango Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU).

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza kusiza abantu abaningi ukuba baphile isikhathi eside ngemva kokuxilongwa komdlavuza. Kodwa ukwelashwa kungalimaza umzimba. Ukuhlinzwa, i-chemotherapy, kanye nemisebe konke kungabangela ubuhlungu, ukukhathala, kanye nezinkinga zenkumbulo. Ukuvuselelwa komdlavuza kuyithuluzi elinamandla lokukusiza ukubhekana nazo zonke lezi zinguquko zomzimba. Lezi zinsizakalo zezempilo eziphelele zenzelwe izidingo zakho futhi zivula indlela yokuba uphile impilo engcono kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

  • Ukuvuselelwa Komdlavuza kuyisevisi yokunakekelwa okukhethekile esiza ekunciphiseni ukungakhululeki ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo okubangelwa ukwelashwa komdlavuza futhi kwenze impilo yakho ibe lula.
  • Lezi zinsizakalo zingatholakala ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, nangemva kokwelashwa.
  • Lokhu kuhlanganisa izinto eziningi ezifana nokwelashwa ngokomzimba, ukwelashwa ngokomsebenzi, ukwelashwa ngenkulumo, kanye nokwelulekwa ngokudla okunempilo.
  • Lolu uhlelo oluklanyelwe wena ngqo, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho ngezinto ezikukhathazayo.
  • Qiniseka ukuthi ubuza udokotela wakho ngolwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nalezi zinsizakalo nokuthi nawe ungazuza yini kuzo.

Ukuvuselelwa komdlavuza, ukwelashwa komdlavuza, ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, izimpawu zomdlavuza, ukunakekelwa kokwelapha umdlavuza, imiphumela emibi yomdlavuza, ukuvuselelwa komdlavuza i-sinhala
⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

💬 Comments (0)

Awekho amazwana athunyelwe okwamanje. Faka amazwana akho lapha okokuqala ngqa.

Engeza amazwana akho

Sicela ubale: 2 + 6 =