Uyayibona imithambo ivuvukala esiswini sakho? Ake sixoxe nge-'Caput Medusae'

Wake wazibuka esibukweni waphawula ukuthi imithambo yakho ibonakala kahle esiswini sakho, ikakhulukazi eduze kwesisu sakho? Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungaba yinto eyesabekayo ukuyibona. Kuyini ngempela lokhu? Ingabe lokhu kuyinto okufanele uyesabe? Namuhla sikhuluma ngalesi simo, esaziwa kwezesayensi yezokwelapha ngokuthi 'iCaput Medusae'. Lesi akusona isifo, kodwa yisixwayiso esibaluleke kakhulu esisinika inkinga enkulu emzimbeni.

Iyini le 'Caput Medusae'?

Kalula nje, i-Caput Medusae yilapho imithambo yegazi engaphansi kwesikhumba sesisu sakho ivuvukala, ikhule, futhi ikhukhumale. Ngokuvamile, le mithambo ibonakala ikhukhumale kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, njengokukhanya kwelanga okuvela maphakathi nesisu sakho.

Leli gama elingavamile livela ezinganekwaneni zamaGreki. Libonisa owesifazane ogama lakhe lingu-'Medusa', onekhanda elinezinyoka esikhundleni sezinwele. Indlela imithambo esakazeka ngayo entanyeni yakhe ibukeka njengezinyoka eziphuma ekhanda likaMedusa, yingakho odokotela beliqambe ngokuthi 'uCaput Medusae', okusho ukuthi 'ikhanda likaMedusa'. Abanye balibiza nangokuthi 'uphawu lomuthi wesundu'.

Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Ake siqonde lokhu ngesibonelo.

Cabanga nje ukuthi umgwaqo omkhulu oya eColombo uvinjiwe yizimoto eziningi. Zenzani izimoto-ke? Zizama ukufika lapho ziya khona ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ngokuthatha imigwaqo eseceleni, imigwaqo emincane yamatshe. Kodwa le migwaqo eseceleni ayakhelwe ukumelana nezimoto eziningi. Ngakho-ke, leyo migwaqo iyavaleka futhi igcwale ngokushesha.

Uhlelo lwemithambo yegazi emzimbeni wethu lufana. Lapho umthambo wegazi omkhulu esiswini (i-portal vein noma i-inferior vena cava) uvaleka ngesizathu esithile, igazi alikwazi ukugeleza kuwo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuvinjelwa .

Bese umzimba uzama ukuthumela leli gazi elivinjiwe ngeminye imithambo emincane efana 'nemigwaqo eseceleni'. Le mithambo emincane yileyo engaphansi kwesikhumba sesisu sethu. Lapho inani elikhulu legazi lidlula ngokuzumayo kule mithambo emincane, emincane, ayikwazi ukuyiphatha bese ivuvukala, ikhukhumale, bese ibonakala emehlweni ethu. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-Caput Medusae. Kwezokwelapha, le ndlela eyengeziwe ibizwa ngokuthi i-collateral circulation .

Yiziphi izimbangela eziyinhloko ze-Caput Medusae?

Kunezizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko zalesi simo. Zombili zimbi kakhulu, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu.

Yiziphi ezinye izimpawu ezingase zihambisane nalokhu?

I-Caput Medusae iwuphawu olulodwa nje lwesifo esikhulu esiyisisekelo. Ngakho-ke, ungase ube nezinye izimpawu ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Izimpawu ezivame ukubonakala

• Ukuvuvukala kwemilenze nezinyawo (i-Edema)
• Ukuvuvukala okukhulu kwesisu, uketshezi olugcwalisa isisu (ascites)
• Isisu esibuhlungu
• Isibindi esikhulu, esizwakala kalula ngaphansi kwezimbambo ohlangothini lwesokudla

Izimpawu ezithile ezihlukahluka kuye ngembangela

Lezi zimpawu zizosiza udokotela wakho ukuthola umbono wembangela.

• Uma kungenxa yesifo sesibindi:
• Ukuphuzi kwesikhumba namehlo (i-Jaundice)
• Ukulunywa kakhulu kwesikhumba
• Umchamo omnyama (njengetiye)
• Indle ephaphathekile (enombala wobumba)
• Ama-spider angioma (imithambo yegazi ebomvu efana nolwembu lwezicabucabu) esifubeni nasemzimbeni ongaphezulu

• Uma kungenxa yokuqhekeka kwegazi (i-Deep Vein Thrombosis - DVT):
• Ukuvuvukala okungazelelwe endaweni eyodwa yomzimba (isb., umlenze)
• Indawo iba bomvu noma ibe mnyama futhi izwa ifudumele uma uyithinta

Udokotela uthola kanjani imbangela eqondile?

Kubalulekile ukubona udokotela ngokushesha nje lapho ubona lesi sibonakaliso. Udokotela uzoqala akuhlole futhi alalele ngokucophelela izimpawu zakho. Ngemuva kwalokho, bazoyala ukuhlolwa okuningana ukuze bathole imbangela eqondile.

Ukuhlolwa okuyinhloko okusetshenziselwa lokhu ukuskena kwesisu nge-ultrasound . Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ubone izitho zomzimba kanye nemithambo yegazi ngaphakathi kwesisu.

Ngokukhethekile, lokhu kuskena kubheka indlela yokugeleza kwegazi emithanjeni ebuhlungu.

• Uma igazi ligeleza emilenzeni , kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kuyisimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Portal Hypertension, esibangelwa yi -cirrhosis yesibindi .
• Uma igazi ligeleza liye phezulu enhliziyweni , kungenzeka ukuthi kungenxa yokuvaleka kwe -vena cava engaphansi .

Le nto elula ivumela udokotela ukuthi athole umbono omuhle ngembangela yesifo.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?

Into ebalulekile ukuthi ukwelashwa akwelaphi nje kuphela isici sesikhumba esibonakalayo se-Caput Medusae, kodwa nesimo esiyisisekelo . Uma imbangela eyisisekelo yelashwa, le mithambo ye-varicose ingase inciphe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

• Uma imbangela ingasuswa: Isibonelo, uma kuyisithiyo esingasuswa, njengokuqhekeka kwegazi, umgomo wokuqala wodokotela ukususa leso sithiyo.
• Uma imbangela kuyisifo esingamahlalakhona: Uma kuyisifo esingamahlalakhona njenge-cirrhosis yesibindi, kunikezwa ukwelashwa okuqondile ukuze kulawulwe lesi sifo futhi kulawulwe izinkinga zaso.

Kwezinye izimo, uma kukhona ingozi yokopha emithanjeni yokugaya ukudla ngenxa ye-Portal Hypertension, kusetshenziswa izindlela ezikhethekile zokwehlisa umfutho wegazi.

• AMACEBISO (i-Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt): Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka ithubhu elincane esibindini ngaphansi kwesiqondiso se-X-ray ukuze kudalwe i-shunt phakathi komthambo we-portal nomunye umthambo esibindini. Lokhu kudala indlela entsha yokugeleza kwegazi elivinjiwe, kunciphisa ingcindezi.
• I-DSRS (Distal Splenorenal Shunt): Lena inqubo yokuhlinzwa lapho umthambo we-splenic ususwa esibindini bese uxhunywa emthanjeni wezinso zesobunxele. Lokhu kunciphisa nokucindezeleka.