Ingabe umbono wakho uyafiphala kancane? Ake sixoxe ngama-cataract!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa sengathi ubheka umhlaba ngefasitela elingcolile? Noma uzizwa sengathi amehlo akho aqala ukuba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezibanini uma ushayela ebusuku? Mhlawumbe udinga ukukhanya okwengeziwe ukuze ufunde iphephandaba. Lezi akuzona nje izinto ezingahleliwe, ungase ungazi nokuthi unama -cataract emehlweni akho. Ungakhathazeki, sizoxoxa ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe namuhla.

Kalula nje, ayini ama-cataract?

Kalula nje, i-cataract iyifilimu encane, noma ukufiphala, eyakheka kulensi engaphakathi kweso lakho. Ilensi yakho ivame ukucaca kakhulu futhi iguquguquka. Yakhiwa kakhulu ngamaprotheni , ikakhulukazi amaprotheni abizwa ngokuthi ama-crystallins . Njengoba siguga, lawa maprotheni ayaqhekeka futhi akhe lokho esikubiza ngokuthi amabala amhlophe, aguqukile kulensi. Yilokho okuthinta ngqo umbono wakho.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lesi simo singaba sibi kakhulu futhi umbono wakho ungase ube mubi nakakhulu. Lokhu kungenza kube nzima ukwenza ngisho nemisebenzi yansuku zonke eyisisekelo. Odokotela bathi ama-cataract cishe awanakugwenywa ngokuguga. Yingakho ama-cataract ahlobene nokuguga ewuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwalesi sifo.

Kodwa ungakhathazeki! Akudingeki ulinde ukuthi umbono wakho uphele kancane kancane. Odokotela bamehlo bangenza ukuhlinzwa ukuze basuse la ma-cataract futhi babuyisele umbono wakho.

Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-cataract?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-cataract. Kodwa kulesi sihloko, sizokhuluma kakhulu ngama-cataract ayenzeka ngokuguga. Ake sibukeze kafushane nezinye izinhlobo:

• Ama-cataract ezingane: Lokhu kwenzeka ezinganeni ezincane nasezinganeni. Ezinye izingane zingazalwa zinalesi simo ngokuzalwa , noma zingakhula ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa. Esikhathini esiningi, lezi ziwufuzo. Kodwa zingabangelwa futhi ukulimala kwamehlo noma ezinye izifo zamehlo. Uma lesi simo sivela ezinganeni ezincane nasezinganeni, kufanele selashwe ngokushesha. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izinkinga ezifana ne -amblyopia , noma 'i-lazy eye', zingavela.
• Ama-cataract abuhlungu: Lawa aqala lapho iso lakho lishaywa okuthile. Ukwelapha lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngoba nezinye izingxenye zeso nazo zingase zonakale.
• Ama-cataract esibili: Lawa angamafu elensi, hhayi ilensi uqobo lwayo, kodwa i-capsule yelensi , ulwelwesi olumboza ilensi. Elinye igama lalokhu yi -posterior capsular opacification . Lesi yisimo esivamile esingase senzeke ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract, kodwa selapheka kalula.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zezinkinga ezihambisana nokuguga?

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-cataract ezikhula ngokuguga. Aqanjwa ngokuthi akheka kuphi kulensi. Ukuze uqonde lokhu, kuyasiza ukuba nomqondo omncane we-Aufbau yelensi yakho.

Cabanga ukuthi ilensi yakho yokuxhumana ifana ne-apula:

• I-Nucleus: Lokhu kutholakala maphakathi nelensi, njengengaphakathi le-apula.
• I-Cortex: Lolu ungqimba oluzungeze umongo. Lufana nomgodi we-apula esiwudlayo.
• I-capsule yelensi: Lena yi-membrane encane emboza i-cornea. Empeleni akuyona ingxenye yelensi ngokwayo, kodwa isebenza njengesikhumba esivikelayo esizungeze iso, simboze futhi sivikele ilensi. Ifana nesikhumba se-apula.

Odokotela bamehlo bahlukanisa ama-cataract ngokususelwa ekutheni akheka kuphi ku-lens. Ngokuvamile, abantu bangaba nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kweyodwa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kuvamile ukuthi la mabala anamafu akheke ezindaweni eziningana ku-lens. Izinhlobo ezintathu ezivame kakhulu zama-cataract ezenzeka njengoba sikhula yilezi:

• I-nuclear sclerotic cataract: Lokhu kukhula enkabeni (i-nucleus) yelensi.
• I-cortical cataract: Lokhu kuvela ku-cortex.
• I-cataract ye-subcapsular yangemuva: Lokhu kwakha ngemuva kwelensi . Igama elithi "Posterior" lapha lisho "ngemuva" kwelensi. Okusho ukuthi, ingxenye eseduze ne -retina yakho (engemuva kwelensi). Igama elithi "Subcapsular" lisho ukuthi le cataract yakha emaphethelweni angaphandle kwelensi, ngaphansi nje kwekhephu lelensi.

I-cataract iqala ukuvela eneminyaka emingaki?

Ngokuvamile, amaprotheni asemalensini eliso lakho aqala ukuwohloka cishe eneminyaka engu-40. Kodwa ungase ungaziboni izimpawu uze ube neminyaka engu-60 noma ngisho nangemva kwalokho. Kodwa-ke, uma unezifo ezithile, njengesifo sikashukela , ungase ube nezimpawu ngisho nangaphambi kwalokho.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

Ama-cataract avame kakhulu eSri Lanka nasemhlabeni jikelele. Ngokusho kwe-World Health Organization, cishe abantu abayi-17% emhlabeni wonke bane-cataracts ethinta umbono wabo. Kodwa-ke, leli nani liyahlukahluka kuye ngezwe nangesifunda. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi emazweni anemali engenayo ephakathi nendawo kanye nalawo anemali engenayo ephansi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi labo bantu banezici eziningi eziyingozi kanye nezindawo ezimbalwa zokwelapha ama-cataract.

E-United States, umuntu oyedwa kwabahlanu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-65 no-74 une-cataracts ethinta umbono wakhe. Abantu abangaphezu kuka-50% abaneminyaka engaphezu kuka-80 banama-cataracts noma bake bahlinzwa ukuze bawasuse.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-cataracts?

Uma une-cataracts, ungase ube nezimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Umbono obonakala unamafu, ufiphele, noma unenkungu .
• Izinguquko endleleni imibala ebonakala ngayo (imibala ingase ibonakale iphelile noma ibonakale inciphile).
• OkukhanyayoAmehlo ayashesha ukuzwela elangeni, izibani zezimoto, kanye nokukhanya kwezibani.
• Amehlo aphenduka abe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uma ebuka ukukhanya, ebona ama-halo azungeze izibani, futhi ebona imicu.
• Ukubonakala okunciphile ebusuku .
• Ushintsho kudokotela wakho wezibuko zamehlo, ikakhulukazi ukwehla kokubona kude kanye nokwanda kokubona eduze .
• Ngidinga ukukhanya okwengeziwe ukuze ngifunde.
• Ukubona okukabili .

Ingabe i-cataract ibangela ubuhlungu?

Ama-cataract ngokuvamile awabuhlungu, kodwa ungase uzizwe ungakhululekile njengoba amehlo akho eba nomuzwa ojulile.

Kungani kuvela ama-cataract?

Imbangela eyinhloko ye-cataract ukuwohloka kancane kancane kwamaprotheni ku-lens yeso. Kodwa-ke, izici ezithile zofuzo kanye nezemvelo zingandisa ingozi yakho yokuthola i-cataract usemncane noma usemncane kunezinye.

Yiziphi izinto ezibangela ingozi yokuthola i-cataract?

Izici eziyingozi zokukhula kwe-cataract zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko: ezemvelo, ezokwelapha, kanye nezakhi zofuzo.

Izici eziyingozi zemvelo

Lezi yizinto ohlangana nazo endaweni okuzungezile. Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zingaba ubuthi obuphefumulayo futhi obugwinyayo. Izici zemvelo ziyingozi ngoba zandisa inani lama -free radical emzimbeni wakho, okuyizinhlayiya ezingazinzile ezilimaza amangqamuzana anempilo. Lawa ma-free radical angalimaza amangqamuzana asemalensini eliso lakho, okubangela ama-cataract.

Izici eziyingozi zemvelo yilezi:

• Ukungcoliswa komoya.
• Intuthu kagwayi .
• Utshwala.
• Amakhemikhali akhishwa ezimbonini.
• Isibulali-zinambuzane.
• Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside emisebeni ye-ultraviolet (ukukhanya kwe-UV) evela elangeni.
• Uma uke welashwa ngemisebe engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba wakho.

Ukunciphisa lokhu kuvezwa kwemvelo kungasiza ekubambezeleni ukuthuthukiswa kwe-cataracts. Abacwaningi basaphenya ukuthi lezi zindlela zokuvimbela zisebenza kahle kangakanani.

Izici zengozi yezokwelapha

Izici zezokwelapha ezandisa ingozi yokuthola i-cataract yilezi:

• Isifo sikashukela i-Mellitus noma amazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini.
• Njengoba ngike ngahlinzwa amehlo ngendlela ethile, njenge-glaucoma.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwama -corticosteroids njengokwelashwa kwezimo ezithile (isib. i-rheumatoid arthritis).
• Ukuba nezifo ezithile zamehlo, njenge- Retina pigmentosa noma i-Uveitis .

Izici zobungozi zofuzo

Uma othile emndenini wakho ene-cataract, usengozini enkulu yokuba nayo. Ukushintshashintsha kwezakhi zofuzo ezithile kungabangela i-cataract yokuzalwa. Kuma-cataract ahlobene nokuguga, ukuguquguquka kwezakhi zofuzo kungenza ilensi yakho ibe sengozini enkulu yezici eziyingozi zemvelo. Abacwaningi bayaqhubeka nokuhlola lezi zixhumanisi.

Ngakho-ke, yize ungenakukwazi ukushintsha ingozi yakho yezakhi zofuzo, kubalulekile ukwazi umlando wezokwelapha womndeni wakho bese uwuxoxa nodokotela wakho.

Wazi kanjani ukuthi unesifo se-cataract?

Odokotela bamehlo nodokotela bamehlo bahlonza ama-cataract ngokuhlolwa kwamehlo okuphelele. Udokotela wakho uzohlola amehlo akho ngokucophelela ukuze abone ukuthi kukhona yini izimpawu zama-cataract nokuthi zinzima kangakanani. Bazobuza nangokubona kwakho, umlando wakho wezokwelapha, nokuthi umbono wakho awusemuhle yini njengakuqala, okwenza kube nzima ukwenza imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke.

Ukuhlolwa okukhethekile okusetshenziselwa ukuthola ama-cataracts yile:

• Ukuhlolwa kwesibani esinqunyiwe.
• Ukuhlolwa kokubona kahle.

Yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kwe-cataracts?

Ukuhlinzwa kwe-cataract kuyindlela kuphela yokususa i-cataract nokubuyisela umbono wakho ocacile. Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract, uchwepheshe wamehlo ususa ilensi yakho yemvelo enamafu bese eyishintsha ngelensi yokwenziwa (ilensi yangaphakathi kweso - IOL) . I-IOL ilensi yokwenziwa efakwa unomphela ngaphakathi kweso lakho. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-IOL, futhi udokotela wakho angakhuluma nawe ngazo.

Inzuzo eyinhloko ye-IOL ukuthi icacile njengelensi yakho yemvelo. Enye inzuzo ukuthi ingalungisa amaphutha okukhanya , okuyizinye izizathu zokugqoka izibuko. Lokhu kusho ukuthi unganciphisa isidingo sezibuko noma amalensi okuxhumana ngemva kokuhlinzwa.

Ingabe ukuhlinzwa kwe-cataract kuyingozi?

Ukuhlinzwa kwe-cataract kungenye yezindlela zokuhlinzwa eziphephile nezivame kakhulu ezenziwa emhlabeni. Abantu abaningi ababi nezinkinga ezinkulu. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela zonke izingozi ezingaba khona, njengokuqhekeka kwe-retinal kanye nokutheleleka.

Ezinye izifo zamehlo noma ezinye izimo zezokwelapha eziyisisekelo zingandisa ingozi yakho yezinkinga. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ukhulume nodokotela wakho ngezinga lakho lobungozi ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Futhi, buza ukuthi noma yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona zizophathwa kanjani.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama ngemva kokuhlinzwa?

Ungase uzizwe ubuhlungu nokungakhululeki ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Udokotela wakho uzokunika imithi yobuhlungu ongayithatha ngosuku lokuqala noma ezimbili.

Kuthatha cishe amasonto amane kuya kwayisishiyagalombili ukuphulukiswa ngokuphelele, kodwa uzoqala ukubona intuthuko embonweni wakho ngokushesha okukhulu. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi kunini lapho kuphephile ukuqala khona imisebenzi yakho evamile.

Yini ongayilindela uma une-cataracts?

Udokotela wamehlo noma udokotela wamehlo angakutshela kangcono ngesimo sakho. Bazohlola amehlo akho futhi bahlole ubukhali banoma yiziphi izifo ze-cataract onazo.

Ezigabeni zokuqala, ungase ungadingi ukuhlinzwa. Izinguquko ekuboneni kwakho zingase zibe zincane. Kodwa njengoba ama-cataract ekhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, angabangela izimpawu ezisobala kakhulu. Uma izimpawu zakho ziqala ukuphazamisa impilo yakho yansuku zonke, udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuhlinzwa ukuze akusize uqhubeke nemisebenzi yakho evamile ngokuphephile.

Ingabe ama-cataract angavinjelwa?

Ama-cataract ayingxenye evamile yokuguga. Kodwa-ke, kunezinto ezimbalwa ongazenza ukuze uvikele impilo yamehlo akho futhi mhlawumbe ubambezele inqubo kancane:

• Ungabhemi. Intuthu kagwayi yandisa ingozi yokuthola ama-cataract. Uma ubhema njengamanje, cela udokotela wakho akusize uyeke ukubhema.
• Vikela amehlo akho elangeni. Gqoka izibuko zelanga noma izibuko zelanga ezine-anti-UV coating. Ukugqoka isigqoko esinomphetho nakho kuyasiza.
• Thola ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi kufanele ufike kangaki ukuzohlolwa. Ungaphuthelwa izinsuku zakho zokuhlolwa, bese utshela udokotela wakho uma unezimpawu ezintsha noma ezishintshayo.

Yini umuntu onesifo somdlavuza angayenza ukuze azinakekele?

Uma une-cataract, kunezinto eziningi ongazenza ukuze uzinakekele. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• Gqoka izibuko zelanga ezigobile ukuze unciphise ukukhanya kwelanga elikhanyayo.
• Sebenzisa ingilazi yokukhulisa ukuze ikusize ufunde.
• Ukuze ubone kangcono ngenkathi ufunda, faka amabhalbhu akhanyayo ezibanini zakho.
• Kulungile uma izibani zenza amehlo akho abe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uma ushayela ebusuku, kodwa uma kuyinkinga, zama ukugwema ukushayela ebusuku .
• Bona udokotela wakho wamehlo ngokwesimiso sakhe bese uvuselela izibuko zakho uma kudingeka.
• Gcina noma yiziphi izimo zezokwelapha ezicashile, njengesifo sikashukela, zilawulwa kahle .

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma unezimpawu ze-cataract, noma uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ekuboneni kwakho, bona udokotela wakho. Izinkinga ezifana nokungaboni kahle zingaba uphawu lwezinye izimo eziningi zamehlo, okuhlanganisa ne-cataract. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela ukuze uthole imbangela yezimpawu zakho futhi uthole ukwelashwa okufanele.

Kufanele uye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-retinalUma unezimpawu, funa usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo ngokushesha. Lokhu kuyinkinga engavamile kodwa engathi sína engenzeka ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract. Ithinta cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabayi-100. Izimpawu eziyisixwayiso zifaka:

• Kungazelelwe uqala ukubona izinto ezintantayo kanye nokukhanya phambi kwamehlo akho.
• Ukubona ukukhanya ngamehlo akho evulekile noma evaliwe.
• Umuzwa wesithunzi noma isikrini esisakazeka ekuboneni kwakho.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho wamehlo?

Nazi ezinye imibuzo ongase ufune ukubuza udokotela wakho:

• Ingabe nginezimpawu ze-cataracts?
• Ingakanani i-cataract?
• Ziluhlobo luni futhi zitholakala kuphi kulensi yami yokuxhumana?
• Ingabe kuzothinta amehlo ami womabili?
• Ucabanga ukuthi ngizodinga nini ukuhlinzwa?
• Ziyini izingozi engibhekene nazo ngenxa yokuhlinzwa?
• Uhlobo luni lwe-IOL olungcono kakhulu kimi?
• Yini engingayenza ukuze ngibukeke kangcono ngize ngihlinzwe?
• Yiziphi izinguquko zendlela yokuphila okudingeka ngizenze?

Nakuba ama-cataracts eyingxenye evamile yokuguga, ukuthola lesi simo akujabulisi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukucabanga ngokuhlinzwa kwamehlo kungakwenza uzizwe wesaba futhi ukhathazekile ngokuthi umbono wakho uzoba njani ngemva kwenqubo.

Ungakhathazeki kakhulu. Khumbula, ukuhlinzwa kwe-cataract kungenye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu nezijwayelekile emhlabeni. Cishe wazi okungenani umuntu oyedwa oke wahlinzwa, futhi angaba umuntu omuhle ongakhuluma naye ngakho. Khuluma naye futhi ubuze ngezinto ahlangabezane nazo. Kodwa ungazizwa ucindezelwe noma uphuthunyiswe ekuhlinzweni. Khuluma nodokotela wakho bese unquma isikhathi esikusebenzela kahle.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Ngakho-ke, nakuba ama-cataracts eyinto eza nokuguga, akuyona into okufanele ungayinaki. Uma uzizwa sengathi umbono wakho uyancipha kancane kancane, ungesabi futhi ubonane nodokotela wamehlo . Uma utholakale kusenesikhathi, ungathola ukwelashwa okudingekayo futhi uphile impilo yakho ngendlela evamile, unombono ocacile. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola ukuhlolwa kwamehlo ngesikhathi futhi unakekele amehlo akho . Khumbula, amehlo akho ayimpahla eyigugu kakhulu onayo yokubona umhlaba!

Ukonakala kwamehlo , ukulahlekelwa umbono, ilensi yangaphakathi kweso, ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo, ukuguga, impilo yamehlo