Uyazazi yini izifo zezinso? Ake sixoxe ngazo kalula.

Izinso zingenye yezitho ezimangalisayo kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Zifana "nohlelo lokuhlunga" emzimbeni wethu. Kodwa abantu abaningi bacabanga ngempilo yalezi zinso kuphela ngemva kokugula. Kodwa isifo sezinso yisimo esingena emzimbeni buthule, kodwa singaba sibi kakhulu.

Ziyini izinso? Uyini umsebenzi wazo?

Kalula nje, unesinso ezimbili. Zitholakala ohlangothini olulodwa lomhlane wakho, ngaphezu nje kwesinqe sakho. Akuzona nje izitho ezimbili. Zenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene. Cabanga ukuthi kwenzekani uma izinso zakho zingasebenzi kahle. Ngemuva kwalokho imfucuza kanye noketshezi olungadingekile kuqala ukuqongelela emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kubangela ukuvuvukala emilenzeni yakho, isicanucanu, ukukhathala, ukungalali, kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula. Uma kungelashwa, umonakalo unganda kakhulu futhi izinso zakho zingase ziyeke ukusebenza ngokuphelele. Lesi yisimo esibi esingaba yingozi ngisho nokuphila. Ake sibheke eminye yemisebenzi eyinhloko eyenziwa izinso eziphilile.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zesifo sezinso?

Akukhona uhlobo olulodwa lwesifo sezinso. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene. Ake sixoxe ngezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezivame kakhulu.

1. Isifo Sezinso Esingapheli (CKD)

Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Luwukulahlekelwa kancane kancane kokusebenza kwezinso ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Akwenzeki ngokuzumayo, kodwa ngokuvamile lukhula kancane kancane eminyakeni eminingi. Isifo sikashukela kanye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu yizona zimbangela eziyinhloko. Nakuba i-CKD ingelapheki ngokuphelele, ukuqhubeka kwalesi sifo kungalawulwa ngokwelashwa okufanele kanye nokushintsha indlela yokuphila. Uma ingelashwa, ingagcina iholele esifweni sezinso esisesigabeni sokugcina (ESRD). Kudingeka i-Dialysis noma ukufakelwa kwezinso.

2. Ezinye izinhlobo zesifo sezinso

• Isifo Sezinso Esibizwa Nge-Polycystic : Lesi yisifo esibangelwa ufuzo. Kulesi simo, kuvela ama-cyst amaningi agcwele uketshezi ( ama-cyst ) ezinso . Lokhu kunciphisa ikhono lezinso lokuhlunga imfucuza.
• I-Lupus Nephritis: I-Lupus isifo esibangelwa ukuzivikela komzimba. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amasosha omzimba ahlasela amangqamuzana anempilo. Ku-Lupus Nephritis, amasosha omzimba ahlasela izinso.
• I-Glomerulonephritis: Isimo esibangelwa ukulimala kwezihlungi ezincane (i-glomeruli) ezingaphakathi kwezinso. Lesi simo ngezinye izikhathi singavela ngemva kokutheleleka nge-strep throat.
• I-Pyelonephritis: Lokhu ukutheleleka komgudu womchamo okwenzeka ezinso. Uma lokhu kutheleleka kwenzeka ngokuphindaphindiwe, kungabangela umonakalo ongapheli ezinso.

Yiziphi izimbangela zesifo sezinso?

Izimbangela zesifo sezinso zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko.

1. Ukulimala Okukhulu Kwezinso

Yilapho izinso ziyeka ukusebenza ngokuzumayo. Lokhu kungabangelwa yilokhu:

• Ukwehla kokugeleza kwegazi ezinso (isib., ukulahlekelwa igazi okukhulu ngenxa yengozi, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni ).
• Ukulimala okuqondile kwezinso (isib. imithi ethile, ubuthi).
• Ukuvinjelwa kokuchama (isb., i-prostate ekhuphukile, amatshe ezinso).
• Izinkinga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa (njenge-preeclampsia).

2. Isifo Sezinso Esingapheli (CKD)

Uma ukusebenza kwezinso kuphazamiseka isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezintathu, kubizwa ngokuthi i-CKD. Izimbangela ezimbili eziyinhloko zalokhu yilezi:

• Isifo Sikashukela: Amazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini isikhathi eside angalimaza izinso.
• Umfutho Wegazi Ophakeme: Umfutho wegazi ophezulu wonakalisa imithambo yegazi ethambile ethwala igazi liye ezinso.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwemithi ethile yobuhlungu (ama-NSAID njenge-ibuprofen) kanye nokuchayeka kumakhemikhali athile nakho kungalimaza izinso. Ngakho-ke, ungaqhubeki nokusebenzisa noma yimuphi umuthi ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela.

Utshwala nesifo sezinso

Utshwala buyimbangela yokucindezeleka ezinso. Ukuphuza ngokweqile kungaholela ekuhlulekeni kwezinso okukhulu. Futhi, ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile nsuku zonke kwandisa ingozi yomfutho wegazi ophakeme, okwandisa ingozi yokuthola isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona.

Ziyini izimpawu zesifo sezinso?

Izinso zethu zihlakaniphe kakhulu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zenza umonakalo ongakanani, zizama ukuwulungisa futhi ziqhubeke nokusebenza. Ngakho-ke, lapho umonakalo wezinso uvela kancane, izimpawu zivela kancane. Ngezinye izikhathi, kungase kungabi nazimpawu nhlobo kuze kube yilapho isifo sesiqhubeke kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, njengoba isifo siqhubeka, izimpawu ezinjengalezi zingase zivele:

• Ukuvuvukala kwemilenze namaqakala
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu futhi ubuthakathaka
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla kanye nokunambitheka kwensimbi emlonyeni
• ukulunywa okuqhubekayo
• Izinkinga zokungalali
• Ushintsho ekuphindaphindeni kokuchama (ukwanda noma ukwehla)
• Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (ngenxa yokuqongelela koketshezi emaphashini)
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme

Uma unalezi zimpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela wakho ngokushesha ukuze uthole iseluleko.

Ungasithola kanjani lesi sifo?

Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokubuza ngomlando wezokwelapha womndeni wakho, imithi oyiphuzayo, kanye nezimpawu. Ngemuva kwalokho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, angayala ukuhlolwa okufana nalokhu:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Hlola inani lemfucuza (njenge-creatinine ne-urea) egazini.
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo: Hlola izinto ezifana namaprotheni emchameni.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwezithombe: Udokotela wakho angahlola isimo sezinso zakho ngokuhlolwa okufana nokuskena kwe-ultrasound.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwezinso: Lapha, kuthathwa ingxenye encane kakhulu yezicubu ezinso bese ithunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze kutholakale imbangela eqondile yalesi sifo.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?

Imigomo eyinhloko yokwelashwa ukulawula izimpawu, ukunciphisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo, nokunciphisa izinkinga. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona (CKD) asinakwelapheka ngokuphelele . Kodwa-ke, ngokuphathwa kahle, kungenzeka ukuphila impilo evamile.

1. Imithi

Udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi efana ne-ACE inhibitors noma ama-ARB ukulawula umfutho wegazi lakho. Le mithi isiza ukulawula umfutho wegazi futhi inciphise ukulimala kwezinso zakho. Ingase futhi ikunike imithi yokulawula i-anemia noma ezinye izinkinga.

2. Ukudla

Iziguli zezinso kudingeka zilandele ukudla okukhethekile. Ukudla okunosawoti omncane, i-potassium, ne-phosphorus kuvame ukunconywa. Kungase kudingeke futhi ukuthi unciphise ukudla kwakho amaprotheni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinso ezonakele kufanele zisebenze kanzima ukususa lezi zinto egazini. Ukulawula ukudla kunciphisa umthwalo ezinso. Kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko kudokotela noma kuchwepheshe wezokudla ngalokhu.

3. Ukuhlanza nge-Dialysis

Uma ukusebenza kwezinso kwehla kakhulu, umsebenzi okufanele wenziwe yizinso kufanele wenziwe ngomshini noma ngenye indlela. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'i-Dialysis'.

• I-Hemodialysis: Yilapho igazi lihlanzwa khona kusetshenziswa umshini.
• I-Peritoneal Dialysis: Yilapho igazi lihlanzwa khona kusetshenziswa ulwelwesi lwe-peritoneal ngaphakathi kwesisu.

Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela zombili izindlela futhi akusize ukhethe indlela engcono kakhulu kuwe.

4. Ukufakelwa Kwezinso

Uma lesi sifo sifika ezigabeni zokugcina, enye indlela ukufakelwa izinso. Kulokhu, izinso eziphilile ezivela esihlotsheni esiphilayo, komunye umuntu, noma kumuntu oshonile ziyafakwa ngokuhlinzwa. Ngemva kokufakelwa ngempumelelo, i-dialysis ayisadingeki. Kodwa-ke, kuzodingeka uthathe imithi impilo yakho yonke ukuvimbela umzimba wakho ukuthi wenqabe izinso ezintsha. Isifo Sezinso, Ukwehluleka Kwezinso, Isifo Sikashukela, Umfutho Wegazi Ophakeme, Ukuhlanza Igazi, Ukufakelwa Kwezinso, Izimpawu Zesifo Sezinso