Ingabe uvame ukuthola umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, kanye nokukhwehlela? Noma awuvamile yini ukuhlala inyanga yonke ungenalo ukutheleleka kwendlebe, umphimbo, noma isifuba? Ngezinye izikhathi sicabanga ukuthi lokhu kuyinto evamile, "Nansi indlela umzimba wami osebenza ngayo." Ngenkathi abangani bakho beba nomkhuhlane omncane futhi beba ngcono ezinsukwini ezimbili noma ezintathu, ingabe nawe uba nento efanayo amasonto futhi ayibi ngcono, mhlawumbe uze uthuthukele ekubeni yi-pneumonia? Isizathu sangempela salezi zinto kungenzeka kungabi umzimba wakho. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesifo esifihliwe ngemuva kwalokhu, kodwa akekho okhuluma kakhulu ngaso. Leso yi-CVID.
Kalula nje, iyini i-CVID?
I-CVID igama eliphelele le- Common Variable Immunodeficiency . Lesi yisimo sofuzo esithinta amasosha omzimba ethu. Kalula nje, imizimba yethu ifana nezwe. Kukhona ibutho elivikela lelo zwe. Leli butho liyibutho lethu lokuzivikela. Leli butho lilwa nabahlaseli bangaphandle, njengama-virus namagciwane, futhi livikela imizimba yethu ekuguleni.
Kuleli butho, kunamasosha athile aqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile. Siwabiza ngokuthi ama-antibodies . Lawa ma-antibodies awuhlobo lweprotheni. Uma igciwane lingena emzimbeni, la ma-antibodies ayahamba futhi aqaphele lelo gciwane, alilwe nalo, futhi alibhubhise.
Manje, yilokhu okwenzekayo kumuntu one-CVID. Umzimba wakhe ukhiqiza amasosha ambalwa kakhulu abizwa ngokuthi ama-antibodies. Lokho kusho ukuthi ibutho lemizimba yakhe libuthakathaka. Ngakho-ke uma igciwane lingena emzimbeni, awekho amasosha anele okulwa nalo. Umphumela uba ukuthi bagula kaningi. Futhi, ukugula abakutholayo kungaba kubi kakhulu kunomuntu ovamile, futhi kungathatha isikhathi eside ukululama.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi ngenxa yokuntuleka kwala ma-antibodies, ngisho nemithi yokugoma esiyitholayo ukuze sizivikele ezifweni ngezinye izikhathi ayisebenzi kahle. Ngoba umuthi wokugoma wethula igciwane emzimbeni wethu futhi uliqeqeshele ukwenza ama-antibodies okulwa nalo. Kodwa umzimba womuntu one-CVID awukwazi ukwenza ama-antibodies ngaleyo ndlela.
Nakuba lesi simo sivame ukutholakala lapho umuntu esekhulile, izimpawu ngezinye izikhathi zingaqala ebuntwaneni.
Ziyini izimpawu ze-CVID?
Uphawu oluyinhloko noluvame kakhulu lwalesi simo ukutheleleka okuvamile. Kodwa-ke, kunezinye izimpawu eziningi ezingabonakala ngaphezu kwalokho. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini.
| Isigaba sezimpawu | Izinto okufanele uzibone |
|---|---|
| Ukutheleleka okuvamile | - Ukutheleleka kwe-sinus njalo (i-sinusitis) - Ukuminyana kwesifuba, i-pneumonia - I-Bronchitis - Ukutheleleka kwendlebe - Ama-shingles, angenzeka ngemva kokuba umuntu enesifo se-chickenpox |
| Izinkinga zesistimu yokuphefumula | - I-rhinitis engapheli - Ukuminyana kwekhala |
| Izinkinga zesistimu yokugaya ukudla | - Isisu esibuhlungu - Isicanucanu nokuhlanza - Uhudo |
| Ezinye izici ezivamile | - Ama-lymph node akhulisiwe - Ukwehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu - Ubuhlungu bamalunga - Ukubhoboza ngeminwe |
Ukuba nesibonakaliso esisodwa noma ezimbili zalezi akusho ukuthi une-CVID. Kodwa-ke, uma unalezi zimpawu, ikakhulukazi ukutheleleka okuvamile, isikhathi eside, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela ngokushesha ukuze uthole iseluleko.
Kungani i-CVID ikhula ngempela? Yini ebangela lokhu?
Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu izinguquko ezakhiweni zethu zofuzo. Konke emzimbeni wethu kulawulwa yimiyalelo eku -DNA yethu. Lezi miyalelo sizibiza ngokuthi izakhi zofuzo. I-CVID ibangelwa izinguquko ezithile (ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo) kulezi zakhi zofuzo.
Ngokukhethekile, ama-B-cell ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela komzimba anesibopho sokwenza lawo ma-antibodies okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla. Ngenxa yezinguquko zofuzo ezibangela i-CVID, la ma-B-cell awakwazi ukukhula kahle futhi afinyelele lapho angakha khona ama-antibodies. Ngenxa yalokho, amazinga ezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zama-antibodies emzimbeni, i-IgG, i-IgA, kanye ne-IgM, ehla kakhulu.
Cabanga nje ukuthi kunekamu lezempi lapho amasosha eqeqeshwa khona. Ku-CVID, okwenzekayo ukuthi ngenxa yephutha elithile kuleli kamu, amasosha awakwazi ukuqeqeshwa kahle futhi athunyelwe. Ngakho-ke awekho amasosha anele ukuvikela izwe.
Manje ungase uzibuze, ngithole kanjani lezi zinguquko zofuzo?
- Ezimweni ezingaba ngu-10%: Lesi simo singadluliselwa kubazali siye ezinganeni.
- Ezimweni ezingama-90%:Imbangela eqondile yalesi simo ayikakaziwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi othile angasithola lesi simo ngisho noma kungekho muntu emndenini wakhe oke waba naso. Ucwaningo luyenziwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi izici zemvelo zinendima yini kulokhu.
Ezinye izinkinga ezingase zivele ngenxa ye-CVID
Ngaphezu kokugula kaningi, i-CVID isibeka engcupheni yezinye izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo. Ngoba amasosha omzimba ayinto ethinta umzimba wethu wonke. Uma engasebenzi kahle, angathinta nezinye izinhlelo.
Izinkinga Zokuzivikela Emzimbeni
Yilapho amasosha ethu omzimba eqala khona ukuhlasela amangqamuzana ethu aphilile. Kufana nebutho lethu lihlasela abantu bakithi. Abantu abane-CVID basengozini enkulu yokuthola lezi zinhlobo zezifo. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:
- Isifo Samathambo Esibangelwa Yi-Rheumatoid
- Ukubhujiswa kwamaseli abomvu egazi (i-Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia)
- Izifo ezithinta ukujiya kwegazi (i-Antiphospholipid Syndrome)
- Ezinye izifo zesibindi (i-Autoimmune Hepatitis)
Izifo Zamaphaphu Ezingapheli
Ukutheleleka njalo esifubeni kungalimaza amaphaphu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okuholela ezifweni zamaphaphu ezingamahlalakhona njenge-asthma, i-COPD, kanye ne-bronchiectasis.
Ezinye izingozi
- Umdlavuza: Abantu abane-CVID basengozini enkulu kancane yokuthola umdlavuza wesistimu ye-lymphatic (i-lymphoma) kanye nohlelo lokugaya ukudla kunabantu abaningi.
- I-Splenomegaly: Ukuvuvukala kwe- spleen, okuyingxenye yesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela.
- Ama-Granulomas: Amaqhubu amancane akhiwa ukuhlangana kwamaseli omzimba ezithweni ezifana namaphaphu nesibindi.
- Ukucindezeleka: Kukhona ingozi yokuthola ukucindezeleka ngenxa yokucindezeleka kokuphila nesifo sesikhathi eside.
Udokotela uyixilonga kanjani i-CVID?
Uma uya kudokotela ngoba ugula njalo, uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho bese ekuxilonga. Uma kusolwa ukuthi une-CVID, indlela eyinhloko yokuqinisekisa ukuthi iyenzeka iwukuhlolwa kwegazi .
Lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi kulinganisa inani lama-antibodies egazini lakho. Ikakhulukazi uma amazinga ama-antibodies e -IgG, IgA, kanye ne-IgM ashiwo ngenhla ephansi kakhulu, kuyisibonakaliso esibalulekile se-CVID.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kudingeka, kungenziwa ukuhlolwa kofuzo. Kungenziwa nokuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene ukuhlola ezinye izimo zezokwelapha.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu? Ingabe kungelapheka?
I-CVID ayisona isifo esingelapheki ngokuphelele. Kodwa lokhuKuyisimo esingelapheka kakhulu. Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kwalokhu yi- Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapy .
Kalula nje, yilapho unikeza khona umzimba wakho ama-antibodies (ama-immunoglobulins) ongakwazi ukuwakha wodwa. Ama-antibodies akhishwa egazini labantu abaphilile. Lokhu kufana nokuletha amasosha aqeqeshiwe avela kwamanye amazwe lapho amasosha ezwe ngokwawo enganele.
Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokunikeza lokhu kwelashwa.
| Indlela yokwelapha | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| I-Immunoglobulin Engena Emthanjeni (IVIg) | Lokhu kuhilela ukunikeza ama-antibodies ngqo emthanjeni, njenge-saline. Ngokuvamile kufanele uye esibhedlela noma emtholampilo njalo emavikini angu-3-4 ukuze uthole lokhu kwelashwa. |
| I-Immunoglobulin engaphansi kwesikhumba (SCIg) | Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka ama-antibodies ngaphansi kwesikhumba (esiswini noma ethangeni) usebenzisa inaliti encane. Lokhu kungenziwa ekhaya , kanye ngesonto noma njalo emavikini amabili . |
Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi yikuphi kwalokhu kwelashwa okubili okukulungele. Lokhu kwelashwa kuyinto okudingeka uyithathe impilo yakho yonke . Uma uthatha lokhu kwelashwa ngendlela efanele, ungalawula kakhulu ukuvama kokutheleleka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kuvela ukutheleleka ngamagciwane, unganikezwa ama-antibiotic ukuze ukwelapha, futhi ungatshelwa ukuthi uqhubeke nokuthatha ama-antibiotic ukuze uvimbele ukutheleleka.
Yini okudingeka uyazi uma uhlala ne-CVID?
Nakuba ukuhlala ne-CVID kungaba nzima, ngokuphathwa kahle kanye nokuqonda, ungaphila impilo evamile.
- Ungayeki ukwelashwa: Kubalulekile ukuthatha imithi yakho yokwelapha ngama-antiretroviral ngesikhathi esifanele nangesilinganiso esifanele.
- Qaphela izimpawu zokutheleleka:Uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu zokuqala zokutheleleka, njengomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, noma ubuhlungu bomzimba, tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha. Ukuqala ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukugula ukuthi kungabhebhetheki.
- Ukugoma: Ungatholi noma yimiphi imijovo ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho kuqala. Imijovo ephilayo, ikakhulukazi leyo equkethe amagciwane aphilayo, ingaba yingozi kubantu abane-CVID.
- Ukuhlolwa kwezinye izinkinga: Ukuze kutholakale izimpawu zokuqala zezifo ezihlobene ne-CVID njengomdlavuza nesifo samaphaphu, udokotela wakho uzokuthumela ukuze uhlolwe ngezikhathi ezithile. Ungaziphuthelwa.
- Impilo yengqondo: Kuvamile ukuzizwa ucindezelekile uma unesifo sesikhathi eside. Uma uzizwa udangele noma ukhathazekile, khuluma nodokotela wakho noma othile oseduze nawe ngakho.
Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule, i-CVID yayiyisifo esinciphisa impilo. Kodwa ngemithi yokwelapha yama-antibody yanamuhla, iziguli ezingaphezu kuka-75% ze-CVID ziphila iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-25 ngemva kokuxilongwa. Ngakho-ke ngokwelashwa okufanele, kungenzeka ukuphila impilo ende nenempilo.
Ngingayibona nini udokotela?
Uma uhlangabezana nezinto ezinjengalezi, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela futhi uthole iseluleko.
- Uma uthola izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane njalo: Isibonelo, uma uthola i-pneumonia, i-sinusitis, noma izifo zendlebe izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka.
- Uma kunezimpawu zesikhathi eside: izinto ezifana nokuphazamiseka kwesisu njalo, ukuqunjelwa, nezinkinga zamaphaphu.
- Uma ugula ngemva kokuthola umuthi wokugomela ophilayo.
Uma ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngalezi zinto, uzokwazi ukunquma ukuthi lokhu kuyinto edinga uphenyo olwengeziwe noma cha.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukutheleleka okuvamile nokunzima akulona "okuvamile." Kungaba uphawu lwenkinga yempilo.
- I-CVID ubuthakathaka besimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, okusho ukuthi umzimba awukwazi ukukhiqiza ama-antibodies adingekayo ukulwa namagciwane.
- Lesi simo singatholakala ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okulula.
- Nakuba i-CVID ingelapheki ngokuphelele, ingalawulwa ngempumelelo futhi impilo enempilo ingatholakala nge-Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapy.
- Uma une-CVID, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisana eduze nodokotela wakho, ukuthola ukwelashwa okufanele, nokuzivikela ezifweni.
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