Wake wazibuza ukuthi zingaki izinto ezimangalisayo ezenzeka emizimbeni yethu? Njengenethiwekhi yemigwaqo edolobheni elikhulu, imizimba yethu inesimiso semithambo yegazi ethwala igazi kuyo yonke. Lolu hlelo luhlanganisa imigwaqo emikhulu (imithambo yegazi), izindlela ezincane ezidlulayo, ngisho nemigwaqo emincane kakhulu eholela emakhaya. Leyo migwaqo emincane yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi 'ama-Capillaries'. Lena yileyo eletha umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba kuwo wonke amaseli emzimbeni wethu futhi iqoqe imfucuza emuva lapho. Ngakho-ke namuhla sikhuluma ngalezi zinhlobo ezincane, kodwa ezibaluleke kakhulu zemithambo yegazi, 'ama-Capillaries aqhubekayo'.
Kalula nje, ziyini lezi zinhlayiya zegazi?
Cabanga u-oda okuthile ku-inthanethi. Iloli elikhulu likuletha edolobheni elikhulu, bese iveni encane ikuletha edolobheni lakini, bese ekugcineni kufika umfana oletha iphasela emnyango wakho. Yileyo ndlela igazi elijikeleza ngayo emzimbeni wethu. Imithambo yegazi emikhulu (imithambo yegazi) ethwala igazi elinomoya-mpilo elivela enhliziyweni ifana namaloli. Lapho lelo gazi lifika ezithweni zomzimba, lihlukana libe yimithambo yegazi emincane. Ekugcineni, ama-capillary yimithambo yegazi emincane kakhulu enikeza umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba kuseli ngalinye. Njengalowo mfana oletha iphasela.
Izindonga zala ma-capillary zakhiwe uhlobo olukhethekile lweseli olubizwa ngokuthi 'amaseli e-endothelial' . Lawa maseli axhumene eduze futhi ahlelwe ngokulandelana okuqhubekayo, yingakho igama elithi 'okuqhubekayo'. Lawa uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwama-capillary atholakala emzimbeni wethu.
Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo zalezi zinhlayiya eziqhubekayo?
Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko. Umehluko phakathi kwazo ubukhulu bezikhala phakathi kwamaseli akha izindonga. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini.
| Uhlobo lwe-capillary | Incazelo nendawo |
|---|---|
| Ama-capillary angenawo umswakama aqhubekayo | Izikhala phakathi kwala maseli zincane kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu ezifana namanzi, i-glucose, ama-hormone, namagesi kuphela ezingadlula kuzo. Njengesihlungo lapho uhlunga khona inkomishi yetiye. Lezi zitholakala ohlelweni lwethu lwezinzwa, esikhumbeni nasemaphashini . |
| Ama-capillary aqinile aqhubekayo | Lezi zinezimbobo ezinkulu kancane, ezibizwa ngokuthi 'ama-fenestrations', phakathi kwamaseli. Lokhu kuvumela izakhamzimba nezinye izinto egazini ukuthi zidlule ngokushesha. Lezi zitholakala ezinso zethu, emathunjini amancane, kanye nasezindlala ze-endocrine . |
Kukhona olunye uhlobo olubizwa ngokuthi 'ama-capillary e-sinusoidal'. Awaqhubeki, okusho ukuthi kunezikhala ezinkulu nakakhulu phakathi kwamaseli. Lawa atholakala ezindaweni ezifana nesibindi, i-spleen, kanye nama-lymph node.
Lokhu kuzisiza kanjani izitho zomzimba wethu?
Le mithambo yegazi emincane iyingxenye ebalulekile yokusebenza kwezitho eziningi ezibalulekile emizimbeni yethu.
Kuvikela ubuchopho
Ubuchopho bethu buyisitho esibucayi kakhulu. Alukwazi ukungena yinoma yini. Lokho kuvikelwa kunikezwa uhlelo olukhethekile lwe-capillaries. Silubiza ngokuthi 'isithiyo segazi nobuchopho' . Kufana nehhovisi le-visa lokungena ezweni. Kuvumela kuphela izinto ezibalulekile ubuchopho obuzidingayo, njengomoya-mpilo namanzi, ukuthi zingene, futhi kuvimbela ubuthi namagciwane egazini ukuthi angangeni ebuchosheni. Lokhu kwakhiwe yilawo ma-capillaries angenawo umswakama esikhulume ngawo ngaphambili.
Ukuletha ama-hormone endaweni efanele
Ama-hormone akhiqizwa yizindlala ze-endocrine emzimbeni wethu. La ma-hormone kudingeka aye ezithweni ezifanele emzimbeni futhi alawule ukusebenza kwawo. Lawa ma-capillary ahlinzeka 'ngensizakalo yokulethwa' ngokufaka lawo ma-hormone egazini bese ewayisa endaweni oyifunayo.
Kusiza izinso
Lawa ma-capillary adlala indima enkulu enkambisweni lapho izinso zethu zihlunga khona igazi futhi zikhiqize umchamo. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlunga, lawa ma-capillary asiza nomzimba ukuthi umunce izinto ezifana namanzi ne-sodium oyidingayo.
Ukushintshana kwegesi emaphashini
Uma siphefumula, umoya-mpilo esiwuphefumulayo uyanezelwa egazini, bese kuthi i-carbon dioxide egazini iyiswe emaphashini ukuze ikhishwe ngalezi zinhlayiya ezincane emaphashini.
Kusiza ekugayweni kokudla.
Kudingeka sigaye ukudla esikudlayo futhi sihambise izakhamzimba emangqamuzaneni omzimba wethu. Emathunjini amancane, lezi zakhamzimba zimuncwa egazini ngama-capillaries. Bese, izakhamzimba zisakazwa kuwo wonke umzimba.
Yiziphi izifo ezithinta la ma-capillary?
Naphezu kokubaluleka kwazo, kunezimo ezahlukene zezokwelapha ezingathinta la ma-capillary amancane. Ezinye zazo zingaba yizimo zofuzo ezikhona lapho kuzalwa, kanti ezinye zingase zivele kamuva.
| Izimo zofuzo (zokuzalwa) | Izimo ezingezona ezofuzo (eziqala kamuva) |
|---|---|
| Ukukhubazeka kwemithambo yegazi (i-AVM): Isimo lapho imithambo yegazi kanye nemithambo yegazi ebuchosheni noma emgogodleni kuhlangana khona ndawonye, kudlule ama-capillary. | Ama-capillary aphukile: Ngezinye izikhathi, ukukhwehlela noma ukuhlanza kungalimaza imithambo yegazi emincane engaphansi kwesikhumba. |
| I-telangiectasia ye-hemorrhagic: Isimo esibangelwa ukukhula okungavamile kwemithambo yegazi okungabangela ukuthi iqhume futhi yophe kalula. | I-Capillary leak syndrome: Isimo esibi lapho umfutho wegazi wehla khona ngokuzumayo. Lokhu kungadinga ukwelashwa ku-ETU. |
| I-Microcephaly-capillary malformation syndrome: Ama-capillary avulekile ezinganeni ezizalwa zinekhanda elincane. | I-spider nevus: Isimo esifana nesicabucabu esinechashazi elincane phakathi nendawo kanye nemithambo yegazi ebomvu elizungezile. Sivame ezindaweni ezifana nobuso nentamo. |
| Ukuwohloka kwe-macular: Ukulimala kokubona ngenxa yokuvuza kwegazi okuvela kuma-capillary eliso. | I-Vasculitis: Ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi. Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi ama-capillary avaleke noma aqhume. |
Ososayensi basaphenya ukuthi izinguquko ekusebenzeni kwala ma-capillary ziyazithinta yini izifo ezifana nesifo i-Alzheimer's, isifo sohlangothi, kanye ne-vascular dementia .
Ngakho-ke, singazigcina kanjani izindlala zethu ziphilile?
Kusezandleni zethu ukunakekela le mithambo yegazi emincane, kodwa eyigugu kakhulu. Akudingeki senze lutho olukhethekile ngalokho. Into eyinhloko ukugcina indlela yokuphila enhle.
Izinto ezivamile ongazenza:
- Gwema ukubhema: Ukubhema kuyisitha esikhulu semithambo yegazi. Ngakho-ke uma ubhema, zama ukuyeka.
- Yiba ngumuntu ozimisele:Ukuzivocavoca nsuku zonke kuhle kakhulu ekujikelezeni kwegazi.
- Gcina isisindo esinempilo: Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kucindezela imithambo yegazi.
- Lawula ukusetshenziswa kotshwala: Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile kuyingozi emithanjeni yegazi.
Futhi, uma unezimo ezifana nesifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme , noma i-cholesterol ephezulu , landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokucophelela. Ukulawula lezi zimo kubaluleke kakhulu empilweni ye-capillary.
Vikela ama-capillary, ikakhulukazi ebusweni:
Isikhumba ebusweni bethu sibucayi kakhulu, ngakho-ke ama-capillary lapho angonakala kalula.
- Uma ugeza ubuso bakho, bugeze kancane, ngaphandle kokubuhlikihla ngamandla.
- Qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa isithako esihle sokuvikela ilanga uma uphuma ngaphandle.
- Uma unesifo sesikhumba esifana ne -rosacea , bona udokotela bese uthola ukwelashwa okufanele.
Ngokunakekela lezi zinto, ungagcina lezi zisebenzi ezincane kodwa ezibalulekile zomzimba wethu, ama-capillary, ziphilile. Uma unezinkinga noma ukungabaza ngalokhu, ungalokothi unqikaze ukukhuluma nodokotela womndeni wakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ama-capillary yimithambo yegazi emincane kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Yiwona athwala umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba kuwo wonke amangqamuzana ethu.
- Ama-capillary aqhubekayo yiwona avame kakhulu. Amaseli awo axhumene ngokuqinile.
- Isithiyo segazi nobuchopho, esivikela ubuchopho, sakhiwe yilezi zinhlayiya zegazi.
- Izinto ezinjengokubhema, imikhuba yokudla engafanele, kanye nokungenzi lutho kungathinta kabi impilo yama-capillary.
- Singavikela lesi simiso semithambo yegazi esibalulekile ngokulondoloza indlela yokuphila enempilo nokulawula izifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme.
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