Ingabe ikhona inkinga nge-cornea yakho? Ake sifunde nge-cornea dystrophy!

Ingabe amehlo akho azizwa efiphele? Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uba nobunzima bokubheka ukukhanya? Noma ingabe uhlala uzizwa sengathi kukhona okungahambi kahle emehlweni akho? Lokhu kungaba ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu zesimo esihlobene ne-cornea yeso. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesinye salezi zimo, "i-Corneal Dystrophy". Ungakhathazeki, sizokhuluma ngalokhu kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.

Kuyini i-Corneal Dystrophy?

Kalula nje, i-corneal dystrophy yigama elijwayelekile leqembu lezimo ezithinta i-cornea , ingxenye esobala yeso lakho. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-20 zezifo ngaphansi kwalesi sigaba. Lezi zinhlobo ze-dystrophy zingabangela izinguquko noma umonakalo ezicutshini ze-cornea. Kufana nokuba namabala amancane noma imicu engilazini ecacile ongakwazi ukuyibona kahle uma uyibheka . Uma lo monakalo uba mkhulu, ungaba nezinguquko ekuboneni kwakho ngisho nokulahlekelwa umbono.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi lezi zinkinga zofuzo ze-cornea ziyizimo zofuzo . Okusho ukuthi, zibangelwa izinguquko ku -DNA yethu. Ezinye izinguquko ongazizuza kubazali bakho. Ezinye zingenzeka ngokungalindelekile, ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ezinye izinhlobo zesifo zenzeka ngezizathu ochwepheshe abangakaziqondi ngokugcwele.

Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo ze-corneal dystrophy?

Yebo, zihlukaniswa ngokwendlela ezithinta ngayo izendlalelo ezahlukene ze-cornea. Ngokuyinhloko kanje:

• Lezo ezithinta izendlalelo zangaphandle ze-cornea (i-epithelial kanye ne-subepithelial).
• Lezo ezithinta izendlalelo zangaphandle neziphakathi ze-cornea (i-Epithelial-stromal).
• Lezo ezithinta ungqimba oluphakathi lwe-cornea (Stromal).
• Lezo ezithinta ungqimba olungaphakathi lwe-cornea (endothelial).

Manje ake sibheke ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo ngemininingwane ethe xaxa.

Ukuwohloka kwe-corneal dystrophies ye-Epithelial kanye ne-subepithelial

Lezi yizifo ezithinta izendlalelo eziphezulu ze-cornea. Ezinye izibonelo yilezi:

• I-Epithelial basement membrane dystrophy
• I-Epithelial recurrent erosion dystrophies (kukhona nezinhlobo ezintathu ezincane)
• I-Gelatinous drop-like dystrophy
• I-Lisch epithelial dystrophy
• I-Meesmann dystrophy
• I-Subepithelial mucinous dystrophy

Iningi lala ma-dystrophies livela ebuntwaneni . Kodwa-ke, i-epithelial basement membrane dystrophy ivame ukuvela (nakuba kungenjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi) lapho umuntu ekhula. Enye i- gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy.Lokhu kungenzeka kunoma yimuphi ubudala ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-20.

Ukuwohloka kwe-Epithelial-stromal

Lokhu kuthinta kokubili ungqimba lwangaphandle lwe-cornea kanye nongqimba oluphakathi olungaphansi kwayo.

• I-granular corneal dystrophy (izinhlobo 1 no-2)
• I-Lattice corneal dystrophy (lokhu futhi kunezinhlobo ezincane nezinhlobo ezahlukene)
• Isifo sikaReis-Bückler
• I-Thiel-Behnke dystrophy

Zonke lezi zimo zivame ukwenzeka ebuntwaneni . I-Lattice corneal dystrophy uhlobo 1 ingavela eminyakeni engama-20 ubudala.

Ukuwohloka kwe-stromal

Lokhu kuthinta kakhulu ungqimba oluphakathi nolukhulu lwe-cornea.

• I-macular dystrophy
• I-Schneider crystalline dystrophy
• I-Congenital hereditary stromal dystrophy
• I-Fleck dystrophy
• I-dystrophy engemuva engaguquki
• I-Pre-Descemet dystrophy
• I-Central cloudy dystrophy kaFrançois

I-stromal dystrophy ivame ukuthinta izingane . Kodwa-ke, ezimbili zalezi zingakhula njengoba ukhula. I-Schneider corneal dystrophy ingakhula kuze kube yiminyaka engama-30, kanti i-pre-Descemet corneal dystrophy ivame ukukhula ngemva kweminyaka engama-30.

Ukuwohloka kwe-cornea ye-endothelial

Lezi yizifo ezithinta ungqimba olubucayi kakhulu ngaphakathi kwe-cornea.

• I-Fuchs endothelial dystrophy
• I-posterior polymorphous dystrophy
• I-Congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy
• I-X-linked endothelial dystrophy

Kuzo zonke izifo ze-corneal dystrophy, i-Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy iyona evame kakhulu , ebanga u-39% wazo zonke izifo zokufakelwa kwe-cornea ezenziwa e-United States.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-corneal dystrophy?

Izimpawu ze-corneal dystrophy ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo oluthile onalo. Abanye abantu bangase bangabi nazo nhlobo izimpawu . Uma izimpawu zivela, zivame ukuthinta amehlo womabili futhi ziyanda kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Cabanga ukuthi i-cornea yakho ifana nengilazi emile kahle, ecacile, nengenasici. Kodwa i-cornea dystrophy ingashintsha lokho. Ezimweni eziningi zalezi, izicubu ezintsha ziyakhula ku-cornea, noma zakheka ezindaweni lapho kungafanele khona. Khona-ke, esikhundleni sokubuka ngengilazi ecacile, kufana nokubuka ngengilazi endala, eneziphambeko, ephukile. Kunzima ukubona ngaleyo ndlela , akunjalo?

Ngokufanayo, ukwakheka noma ukunqwabelana kwezicubu ezintsha kwenza kube nzima ukubona ngezingqimba ezithintekile ze-cornea. Yingakho umbono ofiphele noma onenkungu uvame kakhulu kubantu abane-corneal dystrophy.

Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• Ukulahlekelwa ubukhali bokubona: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ubuso be-cornea buphambuka noma bungapholi kahle. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukubona kwakho akucaci kahle ngisho noma ugqoka izibuko noma ama-contact lens.
• Umswakama we-cornea: Lokhu kungenza umbono wakho ubonakale unamafu. Lokhu kuvame ukuba umphumela osele womonakalo noma izinguquko ku-cornea.
• Ukuzwa komzimba wangaphandle: Kuzwakala sengathi kukhona okubhajwe esweni , kodwa uma ubheka, awutholi lutho.
• Ubuhlungu bamehlo noma ukucasuka kwamehlo: Lezi zimpawu zingase zibonakale kakhulu uma uvuka ngemva kokuvalwa isikhathi eside, isibonelo uma uvuka ekuseni.
• Ukuzwela ekukhanyeni (Photophobia): Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukukhanya okukhulu kuba yinto engabekezeleleki futhi kungabangela ukungakhululeki noma ubuhlungu.
• Amehlo anamanzi (i-Epiphora): Uma amehlo akho ezwa omile, lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi kungenxa yokuthi uhlelo lwakho lwezinyembezi luzama ukukhiqiza izinyembezi ezengeziwe ukuze lubuyisele emuva.
• I-Nystagmus: Ukunyakaza kwamehlo okusheshayo okungalawulwa kusuka ohlangothini kuya kolunye noma ngokunyakaza okujikelezayo.

Yini ebangela i-corneal dystrophy?

Ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo ezahlukene ze-corneal dystrophy ihlotshaniswa nezici zofuzo . Lokhu kungaba izinguquko "ze-de novo" (okusho ukuthi zenzeka ngokungahleliwe emzimbeni wakho) noma zingazuzwa njengefa komunye noma bobabili abazali bakho.

Ezinye izinhlobo ezizuzwe njengefa zidinga ikhophi eyodwa kuphela yezakhi zofuzo ezivela kumzali oyedwa. Ezinye izinhlobo zidinga amakhophi amabili ezakhi zofuzo eziguquliwe, eyodwa evela kumzali ngamunye. Futhi, kusenezinhlobo ezithile ze-corneal dystrophy, futhi kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi ngempela izinhlobo ezithile zezakhi zofuzo ezibangela lokhu.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yalesi simo?

Iningi le-corneal dystrophy alithinti abantu ngendlela ehlukile ngokohlanga noma ngokobulili. Okuwukuphela kwento ehlukile yi -Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy.Kunezici eziningana eziyingozi ezibangela lokhu:

• Uhlanga: Abantu abamhlophe banamathuba amaningi okuthuthuka kulo.
• Ubudala: Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-30 ubudala banamathuba amaningi okuba naso.
• Ubulili: Abesifazane banamathuba amaningi okuba nayo.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa ye-corneal dystrophy?

Lezi zimo, eziwela ngaphansi kwesambulela se-corneal dystrophy, zithinta indlela ukukhanya okudlula ngayo ku-cornea yakho. Ngenxa yalokho, ukucaca kwe-cornea yakho kuncipha, kuphambukise ukukhanya okudlula kuyo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-cornea dystrophy ingabangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kokubona , kodwa ayiholeli ebumpumputheni obuphelele .

Kodwa-ke, ukulahlekelwa umbono okukhulu kungaba yinkinga enkulu. Kungathinta ikhono lakho lokushayela, ukufunda, kanye nokwenza imisebenzi eminingi yansuku zonke.

I-corneal dystrophy ihlolwa kanjani?

Uchwepheshe wamehlo, kungaba udokotela wamehlo noma udokotela wamehlo, angaxilonga i-corneal dystrophy. Basebenzisa inhlanganisela yamathuluzi namasu ukwenza lokho. Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ukuhlolwa kwamehlo , ikakhulukazi ukuhlolwa kwesibani esinqunyiwe . Ukuhlolwa kwesibani esinqunyiwe kuhilela ukubheka ngaphakathi kweso lakho nge-microscope ekhethekile. Lokhu kuvumela odokotela ukubona noma yiziphi izinguquko noma umonakalo ongase uhlotshaniswe ne-corneal dystrophy.

Ezinye izivivinyo udokotela wakho wamehlo angazisebenzisa zifaka:

• I-topography ye-corneal: Lokhu kudala "imephu" yobuso be-cornea yakho. Kubonisa ukuthi zikhona yini izindawo zobuso be-cornea eziphakeme noma eziphansi kunezindawo ezizungezile.
• I-Pachymetry: Lokhu kulinganisa ukujiya kwe-cornea yakho. Lokhu kungasiza ekuboneni izinkinga ezingqimbeni ezijulile ze-cornea (njenge-endothelial dystrophy).
• Ukuhlolwa kofuzo: Lokhu kuvame ukuhilela ukuthatha isampula yamathe noma igazi lakho bese ubheka izinguquko ezithile ze-DNA . Lokhu kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni uhlobo oluthile lwe-corneal dystrophy onayo.
• I-Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Nakuba lokhu kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukubheka i-retina yakho, lokhu kuhlola kungakunikeza nokuskena okuwusizo kwe-cornea yakho. Lokhu kuwusizo ikakhulukazi lapho uhlela ukwelashwa okuthile kwe-cornea.
• I-biopsy ye-corneal: Uchwepheshe wamehlo angathatha isampula encane yezicubu ku-cornea yakho ayithumele elebhu ukuze ihlolwe. Udokotela wezifo uzohlaziya isampula ukuthola ukuthi une-corneal dystrophy futhi, uma kunjalo, uhlobo luni. Lokhu kuhlolwa akuvamile kakhulu kwi-cornea dystrophy, kodwa kungasiza ekuxilongweni.

Ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kungenziwa kuye ngezimpawu zakho nezinye izici. Uchwepheshe wakho wamehlo angakutshela okwengeziwe ngezinye izivivinyo angase azincome.

Iphathwa kanjani i-corneal dystrophy?

Kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha i-corneal dystrophy. Ukwelashwa kuncike ongqimbeni lwe-cornea ethintekile kanye nobunzima besimo.

Ngenxa yokuthi izinketho zokwelapha zingahluka, udokotela wakho wamehlo ungumthombo ongcono kakhulu wolwazi mayelana nezinketho zakho zokwelapha. Bangachaza imininingwane yezinketho zokwelapha, izinkinga ezingaba khona, imiphumela emibi, kanye neminye imininingwane kuwe.

Nazi ezinye zezindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko:

Ukwelashwa ngezihloko

Lokhu kugxile ekwelapheni izimpawu kanye nemiphumela ebusweni be-cornea yakho. Izibonelo:

• Amaconsi noma amafutha asetshenziswa ngemithi: Lokhu kungalapha izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu, umuzwa wokuthile esweni, kanye nokoma.
• Ama-antibiotic: Lawa angasiza ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka uma i-cornea yakho yonakele futhi isengozini yokuthola amagciwane.
• Amalensi okuxhumana akhethekile: Njengamalensi okuxhumana avamile, lawa agqokwa ebusweni be-cornea. Umehluko omkhulu ukuthi asiza i-cornea yakho ukuthi iphole futhi ivimbele umonakalo owengeziwe.

Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK)

Ukuhlinzwa kwe-phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) kuhilela ukususa izingxenye ze-cornea kusetshenziswa umsebe we-laser olungiswe kahle kakhulu. Uchwepheshe wakho wamehlo angaqondisa futhi asuse izindawo ezonakele ngokunembile.

Ukufakelwa kwe-cornea

Ezimweni lapho izinguquko noma umonakalo ku-cornea yakho ukhulu ngokwanele ukuthinta umbono wakho, ukufakelwa i-cornea kungaba yindlela ongakhetha kuyo. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kuhilela ukufaka esikhundleni sezicubu zakho ze-cornea ngezicubu ezintsha ezivela kumuntu oshonile. Lokhu kungaba ukufakelwa okuphelele noma okuyingxenye.

Yini ongayilindela uma une-corneal dystrophy?

Uma une-corneal dystrophy, ongakulindela kungahluka kancane. Iningi labantu litholakala linesinye salezi zimo, ngokuvamile ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-20.

I-Corneal dystrophy ivame ukuba yisimo esiqhubekayo . Lokhu kusho ukuthi imiphumela yayo iyanda kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi - ngokuvamile eminyakeni eminingi, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho namashumi eminyaka. Abanye abantu abanazo izimpawu ekuqaleni, ngakho-ke bangase bangazi nokuthi banesinye salezi zimo iminyaka eminingi. Abanye abantu abakaze babe nazo nhlobo izimpawu noma izinkinga.

Ngenxa yokuthi kunezinto eziningi ezahlukene ongabhekana nazo, kuwumqondo omuhle ukubuza udokotela wakho wamehlo ukuthi yini ongayilindela. Bangakutshela ukuthi yini engaba yinto efanele kakhulu kuwe.

I-corneal dystrophy ihlala isikhathi esingakanani?

I-Corneal dystrophies yizimo zokuphila konke . Uzalwa nazo. Ukufakelwa kwe-cornea "kungazelapha" lezi zimo, kodwa lokho akusona isiqinisekiso. Abantu abaningi abafakelwe i-cornea ekugcineni bazoqala ukuba nesifo ku-cornea efakelwe. Uma lokho kwenzeka, kungadingeka ukwelashwa okwengeziwe - ngisho nokufakelwa kwesibili kwe-cornea -.

Iyini ikusasa lalesi simo?

I-Corneal dystrophy ivame ukubangela ukulahlekelwa umbono ngezinga elithile, kodwa akuvamile ukuthi ukulahlekelwa umbono kuqhubekele ekubeni ubumpumputhe obuphelele (isimo lapho ungakwazi ngisho nokubona ukukhanya).

Uma ukufakelwa i-cornea, uzobhekana nezingozi ezifanayo nezabanye abantu abafakelwe i-cornea. Kuzodingeka uthathe imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba impilo yakho yonke ukuze uvimbele amasosha omzimba wakho ekuhlaseleni izicubu ezifakelwe i-cornea. Futhi, ngisho nangokwelashwa okucindezela amasosha omzimba, ukwenqatshwa kungenzeka.

Ngenxa yokuthi kunezimo eziningi ezingathinta indlela obheka ngayo izinto, umuntu ongcono kakhulu ongambuza ngesimo sakho sengqondo udokotela wakho wamehlo. Bangakunikeza ulwazi oluqondene nesimo sakho.

Ingabe i-corneal dystrophy ingavinjelwa?

I-Corneal dystrophies yizimo zofuzo , okusho ukuthi ayikho indlela yokuzivimbela noma yokunciphisa ingozi yokuzithola.

Uma ngine-corneal dystrophy, ngizinakekela kanjani?

Uma une-corneal dystrophy, kufanele ubonane nodokotela wakho wamehlo njalo, njengoba kunconywa. Bangaqapha isimo sakho, babheke izinguquko ezicutshini zamehlo akho, kanye nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ozizwayo. Bangalungisa futhi babuyekeze uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa ukuze luhlale lusebenza isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka.

Uma uchwepheshe wakho wamehlo ekunikeza imithi yamehlo akho, kufanele uyisebenzise njengoba uyalelwe . Imithi ingasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu zalezi zimo noma inciphise izinguquko noma umonakalo wezicubu.

Ikakhulukazi uma uke waba nohlobo oluthile lokufakelwa i-cornea, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha imithi yakho njengoba uyalelwe. Ukwenza kanjalo kuzosiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umzimba wakho awuwenqabi izicubu ezifakwe i-cornea. Lokhu kungasiza ekuvimbeleni izinkinga ezinkulu ngisho nokulahlekelwa umbono unomphela.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela wami wamehlo?

Uzoba nokuvakasha kokulandelela njalo ngezikhathi ezihleliwe.Kufanele ubonane nodokotela wakho wamehlo ngalokhu. Futhi, uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu noma izinguquko embonweni wakho, noma uma ukwelashwa kubangela imiphumela emibi noma kubonakala kungasebenzi kahle, kufanele ukhulume naye ngakho. Bazozama ukukusiza ukuthola izixazululo zezinkinga obhekene nazo.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami wamehlo?

Ungabuza udokotela wakho wamehlo le mibuzo:

• Uhlobo luni lwe-corneal dystrophy enginalo?
• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okuncomayo?
• Ingabe zikhona izimpawu ezidinga usizo oluphuthumayo lwezokwelapha?
• Iyini ikusasa lesikhathi eside ngesimo sami?
• Ingabe kukhona engingakwenza ukuze ngithuthukise umbono wami?

Okokugcina, okufanele ukukhumbule

I-Corneal dystrophies yizifo zamehlo ezivame ukubonakala lapho usemusha . Uma uzizwa ukhungathekile uzama ukuqonda lezi zifo, awuwedwa. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwamashumi amabili ezahlukene ze-corneal dystrophies. Imiphumela yalezi zifo ingahluka kakhulu.

Kodwa akudingeki uzame ukuqonda noma ukuphatha i-corneal dystrophy ngokwakho. Udokotela wakho wamehlo angakusiza uqonde isimo sakho esithile, imiphumela yaso, nokuthi ungayelapha kanjani. Futhi, njengoba kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha, unethuba elingcono lokuphatha isimo sakho nokunciphisa umthelela waso empilweni yakho. Ungesabi, hlala uqinile, futhi ulandele iseluleko sikadokotela wakho.

I- Corneal Dystrophy, i-cornea yeso, izifo zamehlo ezibangelwa ufuzo, umbono ofiphele, ukwelashwa kwamehlo, ukufakelwa kwe-cornea, impilo yamehlo