Masiqaphele i-Coronary Artery Spasm!

Wake waba nobuhlungu obungazelelwe, obucindezelayo, noma obunciphayo esifubeni sakho ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo, ikakhulukazi phakathi nobusuku noma ekuseni kakhulu? Buyaphela bodwa ngemva kwesikhashana. Nakuba abanye abantu becabanga ukuthi lokhu kuyinto evamile, empeleni lesi yisimo sempilo esingakhulumi kakhulu ngaso, kodwa kufanele nakanjani siqaphele. Namuhla sikhuluma ngalesi simo lapho imithambo yegazi enhliziyweni incipha khona ngokuzumayo, noma ngokwezokwelapha, i-Coronary Artery Spasm .

Kalula nje, kuyini i-Coronary Artery Spasm?

Ukuze siqonde lokhu, ake sithathe isibonelo esincane. Cabanga ngepayipi yerabha ethwala amanzi. Amanzi ageleza kulo ngaphandle kwesithiyo. Kodwa kwenzekani uma umuntu ecindezela ipayipi ngokuzumayo? Ukugeleza kwamanzi kuyama noma kwehla kakhulu, akunjalo? Yilokho okwenzeka ezinhliziyweni zethu.

Inhliziyo yethu iyimisipha esebenza njalo. Umoya-mpilo kanye nezakhamzimba ezidingwa yile misipha yenhliziyo kunikezwa yimithambo yenhliziyo , etholakala ebusweni benhliziyo. Ukuqina kwemithambo yenhliziyo kwenzeka lapho izindonga zale mithambo yegazi zifinyela noma zivaleka ngokuzumayo. Kufana nokucindezela ipayipi lamanzi.

Lokhu kuphazamiseka kuvimbela noma kuvimbele ukugeleza kwegazi enhliziyweni okwesikhashana. Esikhathini esiningi, lokhu kuphazamiseka akuhlali isikhathi eside. Abanye abantu abakuboni ngisho nokukubona. Kodwa-ke, uma lesi simo sivame ukwenzeka, singandisa ingozi yezimo ezingathi sína njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo .

Ingabe lokhu kufana nobuhlungu be-angina ? Uyini umehluko?

Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abawubuzayo. I-Angina ubuhlungu besifuba obuvela lapho inhliziyo ingatholi igazi elanele. Imbangela eyinhloko nevame kakhulu yalokhu ukunqwabelana kwe-cholesterol (i-plaque) emithanjeni yenhliziyo, okubangela ukuthi imithambo ivaleke. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-atherosclerosis . Ngokuvamile, lolu hlobo lobuhlungu be-angina lwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca, lapho ukhathele, noma lapho ukhuphuka izitebhisi. Buyancipha uma uphumula.

Kodwa-ke, ubuhlungu be-angina obubangelwa ukuqaqamba kwemithambo yenhliziyo buhlukile kancane. Sibubiza ngokuthi i-Vasospastic Angina . Into ekhethekile ngalokhu ukuthi lobu buhlungu buvame ukwenzeka uma uphumule, ngaphandle kokuzikhandla.Lobuhlungu bungenzeka ikakhulukazi ebusuku noma ekuseni kakhulu. Lona umehluko omkhulu.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yalesi simo?

Izici ezifanayo eziyingozi ezivame ukuthinta isifo senhliziyo nazo ziyakuthinta lokhu. Okungukuthi:

• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (Umfutho wegazi ophezulu): Umfutho wegazi ophezulu usho ukuthi imithambo yegazi yonakala njalo.
• Amazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol egazini (i-Hyperlipidemia): Lawa ahlala emithanjeni futhi anciphise ukuguquguquka kwawo.
• Ukubhema noma ukusebenzisa eminye imikhiqizo kagwayi: Lesi yisici esiyinhloko nesiyingozi kakhulu . Ikhemikhali elikugwayi elibizwa ngokuthi i-nicotine livimba imithambo yegazi.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa okungekho emthethweni: ikakhulukazi izidakamizwa ezivuselelayo njenge-cocaine.

Yiziphi izinto ezibangela lokhu kuphazamiseka kwemisipha?

Ngaphezu kwezici eziyingozi eziyisisekelo, izinto ezithile zingabangela ukuthi lokhu kuvinjelwa kuqale ngokuzumayo. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi 'izisusa'.

• Ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi: Lokhu kungenzeka ngisho nangemva kokubhema ugwayi.
• Ukuchayeka emakhazeni amakhulu: Izinto ezifana nokugeza ngokuzumayo ngamanzi abandayo kakhulu noma ukungena ekamelweni elinomoya oshisayo kakhulu.
• Ukucindezeleka Okukhulu: Umuzwa osheshayo, ojulile wentukuthelo, ukudabuka, noma ingcindezi.
• Izinto Ezivuselela Umzimba: Izidakamizwa ezifana nama-amphetamine noma i-cocaine.

Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu? Kuzwakala kanjani?

Abanye abantu bangase babe nalesi simo ngaphandle kwezimpawu. Kodwa uma kuvela izimpawu, ungase ubhekane nezinto ezifana nalezi:

• Ukuqina kwesifuba noma ukuqina: Kuzwakala sengathi isifuba sakho sicindezelwa ngebhande.
• Ubuhlungu: Isikhathi esiningi, ubuhlungu buvela ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwesifuba.
• Ubuhlungu busakazeka: Lobuhlungu bungaqala esifubeni busakazeke entanyeni, emhlathini, emahlombe, noma ezingalweni.
• Ubuhlungu ngesikhathi uphumule: Lobuhlungu bungenzeka ikakhulukazi ngemva kwamabili noma ekuseni kakhulu futhi bungakuvusa ebuthongweni.

Lokhu kuphazamiseka kungahlala kusukela emizuzwini emi-5 kuya kwengu-30. Kwabanye abantu, kwenzeka kanye noma kabili ngonyaka, kanti kwabanye, kungenzeka izikhathi eziningana ngosuku.

Udokotela uhlonza kanjani lokhu?

Uma unalezi zimpawu, kufanele nakanjani ubonane nodokotela wakho. Uzokuhlola futhi, uma kudingeka, akuthumelele ezinye zalezi zivivinyo.

• I-Electrocardiogram (EKG): Lokhu kurekhoda umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo, noma isigqi sokushaya kwenhliziyo. Uma kuthathwa i-EKG ngesikhathi sokuphazamiseka, izinguquko ezithile zingabonakala.
• I-Echocardiogram (Ukuhlolwa kwe-Echo): Lokhu kufana nokuskena kwenhliziyo nge-ultrasound. Kungabheka ukuthi amakamelo enhliziyo, ama-valve, kanye nemisipha yenhliziyo kusebenza kanjani.
• I-Ambulatory Monitor: Udokotela wakho angakunika idivayisi encane ongayigqoka usuku olulodwa noma ezimbili. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi i-Holter Monitor. Iqopha izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho usuku lonke ngenkathi wenza imisebenzi yakho evamile. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekutholeni ukuqaqamba okwenzeka ebusuku.
• I-Angiography ye-Coronary:Lesi isivivinyo esingcono kakhulu sokuqinisekisa lesi simo. Kulesi sivivinyo, kufakwa ipayipi elincane kakhulu ngomthambo ongalweni noma emlenzeni wakho emithanjeni yenhliziyo yakho. Bese kufakwa idayi ekhethekile kuyo, bese kusetshenziswa ividiyo ye-X-ray ukuze kubonwe ukuthi igazi ligeleza kanjani. Uma imithambo ingavinjelwa yi-cholesterol, umuthi okhethekile obangela ukuqaqamba unganikezwa ngesikhathi salesi sivivinyo ukuze kubonwe ukuthi imithambo ivinjiwe yini.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha? Ingabe lokhu kungelapheka?

Kunemigomo emibili eyinhloko yokwelashwa. Eyokuqala iwukudambisa ubuhlungu, kanti enye iwukuvimbela ukuqaqamba kwemisipha ukuthi kungaphinde kwenzeke.

Ukwelashwa kobuhlungu obuphuthumayo

I-Nitroglycerin (i-Nitrostat®) umuthi osetshenziselwa ukuqeda ubuhlungu ngokushesha nje lapho buqala. Iza njengephilisi elincane elibekwa ngaphansi kolimi noma njengesifutho. Ivula imithambo yegazi ngokushesha, ikhulule ukuminyana, futhi ibuyisele ukuhamba kwegazi.

Ukwelashwa kwesikhathi eside

Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imithi okufanele uyithathe nsuku zonke ukuze uvimbele ukuqaqamba kwemisipha okuphindaphindekayo.

• Ama-Calcium Channel Blockers: Imithi efana ne-Amlodipine ne-Diltiazem ingeyaleli qembu. Le mithi isebenza ngokukhulula imisipha ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi. Lokhu kunciphisa ukuminyana kwemithambo yegazi.
• Ama-statin: Imithi efana ne-Atorvastatin ne-Simvastatin. Nakuba lezi zisetshenziswa kakhulu ukwehlisa i-cholesterol, zitholakale futhi zisiza ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwemithambo yegazi nokuvimbela ukuqaqamba kwemisipha.

Kwezinye izimo ezinzima, lokhu kuphazamiseka kungabangela ukuthi inhliziyo ishaye ngendlela eyingozi ngendlela engajwayelekile. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-Ventricular Arrhythmia . Kulabo abasengozini, udokotela angancoma ukufakwa kwedivayisi encane ebizwa ngokuthi i-ICD (Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator) ngaphansi kwesikhumba sesifuba. Lokhu kuqaphela lapho inhliziyo ishaya ngendlela engajwayelekile, kuthumele isignali encane kagesi, futhi kubuyisele isigqi.

Kufanele uye nini esibhedlela uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo?

Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Uma ukuqaqamba kwemisipha kuqhubeka isikhathi eside kakhulu, kungakhula kube ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Ngakho-ke, uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo kanye nobuhlungu besifuba, ungalibali. Shayela i-ambulensi ngokushesha noma uye e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela esiseduze.