Isimila esincane ngaphakathi ekhanda? Ake sifunde nge-craniopharyngioma ngamagama alula!

Wake wezwa ngesimila esingajwayelekile esikhula ngaphakathi kwekhanda, noma ebuchosheni, eduze kwendlala encane kakhulu kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu - indlala ye-pituitary ? Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-craniopharyngioma. Empeleni akuvamile, okusho ukuthi akusona isifo esithinta wonke umuntu. Kodwa lesi simila esincane singaba nomthelela omkhulu ekuboneni kwakho kanye nasesimisweni sakho se-endocrine . Ngakho ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngemininingwane ethe xaxa namuhla, kulungile?

Kuyini i-craniopharyngioma?

Kalula nje, i-craniopharyngioma iyisimila esingavamile kakhulu, esingesona umdlavuza (esingesihle). Sikhula eduze kwe-pituitary gland yakho. Isimila sikhula kancane. Kodwa-ke, singathinta imizwa yakho ye-cranial , ikakhulukazi imizwa exhumana nombono wakho. Singathinta nohlelo lwakho lwe-endocrine, olulawula ama-hormone emzimbeni wakho.

Izindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko zalokhu ukuhlinzwa kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe . Ngezinye izikhathi, i-chemotherapy isetshenziswa ngisho nohlobo oluthile lwesimila, uhlobo lwe-papillary.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi abantu abangaphezu kuka-90% abanalesi simila baphila iminyaka emihlanu ngemva kokuxilongwa. Kodwa-ke, lesi simila sibhekwa njengesimo esingamahlalakhona . Ngoba ukwelashwa akuhlali kwelapha ezinye izimo ezibangelwa yilesi simila, futhi lolu hlobo lwesimila lunamathuba amaningi okuphinde lubuye.

Ubani othola i-craniopharyngioma?

Unyaka ngamunye, cishe abantu ababili esigidini bahlakulela olunye lwezinhlobo ezimbili ze-craniopharyngioma: i-adamantinomatous kanye ne-papillary . Zivame kakhulu emaqenjini amabili eminyaka:

• Izingane eziphakathi kweminyaka emi-5 neyi-14 ubudala
• Abantu abadala abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-50 no-74 ubudala

Nakuba uhlobo lwe-adamantinomatous lungakhula kubantu banoma yibuphi ubudala, uhlobo lwe-papillary luvame ukubonakala kubantu abadala.

Kuyingozi kangakanani lokhu kuqaqamba kwekhanda?

Eqinisweni, i-craniopharyngioma iyisimo esibucayi sezokwelapha. Kungadinga ukwelashwa impilo yonke. Cishe ingxenye yezimila ezisuswe ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa zizobuya ngemva kwesikhashana. Ezinye zezimo zempilo ezibangelwa yilezi zimila zingaqhubeka ngisho nangemva kokuba isimila sisusiwe.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Craniopharyngioma ne-Pituitary Adenoma?

Zombili lezi zinto zingathinta ukusebenza kwama-hormone.I-pituitary adenoma uhlobo lwesimila esikhula endlaleni yakho ye-pituitary. Kodwa-ke, i-craniopharyngioma ikhula eduze kwendlala. Nakuba zombili izinhlobo zezimila zingenabungozi, i-craniopharyngioma ivame ukuba nolaka kakhulu kune-pituitary adenoma.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-craniopharyngioma?

Izimpawu ze-craniopharyngioma zihlobene nezimo ezenzeka lapho okuthile kuthinta i-pituitary gland yakho noma yengane yakho, i-hypothalamus gland, i-optic nerves , kanye nobuchopho.

• Ezinganeni: Lokhu kungathinta ukukhula nokukhula kwezingane. Lokhu kubonakala kakhulu ezinganeni kunakubantu abadala abane-craniopharyngioma.
• Kubantwana nakubantu abadala: Ukubona kungathinteka, ikakhulukazi ukubona okuseceleni .

Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi lezi zimpawu zingafana nezezinye izifo, kungaba nzima ngodokotela ukuphetha ngokushesha ngokuthi lezi zimpawu zibangelwa yilesi simila.

Izimo ezibangelwa ukucindezeleka kwe-pituitary gland

I-pituitary gland yakho noma yengane yakho ilawula imisebenzi eminingi yamahomoni emzimbeni. Uma i-craniopharyngioma icindezela le gland, izimo ezilandelayo zingavela:

• Ukuntuleka kwe-Growth Hormone (GH): Lokhu kungabangela ukukhula okubambezelekile ezinganeni. Kubantu abadala, ukuntuleka kwe-GH kungaholela ebuthakathakeni, i-osteoporosis ( ukuncipha kwamathambo), ukwehla kwamandla emisipha, ukwanda kwe-cholesterol ye-LDL, kanye nesifo senhliziyo.
• Ukuntuleka kwe-Gonadotropin: Abantu abanalesi simo bangase babhekane nokuthomba okulibazisekile. Abesifazane bangase bayeke ukuya esikhathini, isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-amenorrhea .
• Ukuntuleka kwe-hormone ye-Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH): Lokhu kungabangela ubuthakathaka nokukhathala. Kungabangela nokwehla kwesisindo, ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla, ubuthakathaka bemisipha, isicanucanu nokuhlanza, kanye nomfutho wegazi ophansi ( i-hypotension ).
• Ukuntuleka kwe-thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH): Abantu abane-TSH ephansi bangase babe nezimpawu ezifana nokukhathala, ukuya esikhathini okungajwayelekile, kanye nokukhohlwa.
• I-Central Diabetes Insipidus (CDI): Lesi simo sibonakala ngokuma ngokweqile ( i-polydipsia ) kanye nokuchama njalo ( i-polyuria).) kwenzeka. Abantu abane-CDI bangase babe nezimo ezifana nokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni , ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, umkhuhlane, isikhumba esomile kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila, ukudideka, kanye nokuxhuzula.

Izimo ezibangelwa ukucindezeleka kwi-hypothalamus

I-hypothalamus yakho noma yengane yakho ilawula izinqubo zomzimba ezifana nesimo sengqondo, indlala nokoma, amaphethini okulala, kanye nemisebenzi yocansi. Uma isimila se-craniopharyngioma sicindezela i-hypothalamus, izimo ezilandelayo zingavela:

• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile: Lokhu kubhekisela ekukhuluphaleni okwenzeka naphezu kokuncishiswa kwamakhalori, ukuzivocavoca, kanye nokulawula ukudla.
• I-Froehlich's syndrome: Abantu abanalesi simo bazizwa belambile kungakhathaliseki ukuthi badla malini, okuholela ekukhuluphaleni ngokweqile. Izingane ezine-Froehlich's syndrome zingakhula kancane kunezinye izingane. Ezinye izingane zingase zibe nokukhubazeka kokubona okubuthakathaka kanye nokukhubazeka kwengqondo.
• I-Non-24-hour sleep-wake syndrome: Lesi yisifo sokulala esibangela abantu ukuthi bangakwazi ukulandela isimiso sokulala esijwayelekile. Abanye abantu bangaba nokungalali kahle.

Lesi simila sithinta kanjani umbono wakho noma wengane yakho?

Izimila ze-craniopharyngioma zivame ukukhula eduze kakhulu nezinzwa zakho noma zengane yakho. Uma lezi zinzwa zicindezelwa, zingabangela ukubona okufiphele noma izinkinga ngokubona okungaphandle.

Yini ebangela i-craniopharyngioma?

Abacwaningi abakayazi imbangela eqondile, kodwa bakholelwa ukuthi la mathumba akhula emaseli asiza ekwakheni i-pituitary gland yakho noma yengane yakho. Ngesizathu esithile, la maseli aba angajwayelekile, aphindaphindeke, futhi akhule.

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani i-Craniopharyngioma?

Uma uhlolwa lolu hlobo lwesimila, udokotela wakho angase akubuze ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha kanye nokukhula komzimba. Uma ingane yakho ihlolwa, bangase bakubuze ngokukhula kwayo ngokomzimba, ukukhula kwengqondo, ukubona, nokuthi izizwa yomile ngendlela engavamile noma idinga ukuchama njalo.

Hlobo luni lokuhlolwa okwenziwayo?

Odokotela bangenza izivivinyo ezifana nalezi:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lokhu kulinganisa amazinga athile ama-hormone.
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo: Ukuhlola izinkinga zezinso.
• I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography - i-CT scan): Uchungechunge lwe-X-ray kanye nekhompyutha kusetshenziswa ukudala izithombe zezicubu ezithambile namathambo ezinobukhulu obuthathu (3D).
• I-MRI Scan (I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging - I-MRI):Lolu uhlobo lokuhlola olungenabuhlungu olusebenzisa i-magnet enkulu, amaza omsakazo, kanye nekhompyutha ukukhiqiza izithombe ezicacile zezitho zomzimba kanye nezakhiwo zawo.
• I-Biopsy: Odokotela benza i-biopsy (bathatha isampula yezicubu) bese behlola amaseli, uketshezi, izicubu, noma ukukhula ngaphansi kwe-microscope.

Ingabe i-Craniopharyngioma ingelashwa?

I-Craniopharyngioma ivame ukwelashwa ngokuhlinzwa kobuchopho . Lokhu kungenziwa kusetshenziswa ikhamera encane (i-scope) efakwe ngekhala, noma ngokwenza imbobo encane ekhanda ( i-craniotomy ). Umgomo wokuhlinzwa ukususa isimila esiningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngenkathi kunciphisa umonakalo wendlala ye-pituitary, i-hypothalamus, noma i-optic nerve. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu kungadingeka bathathe imithi yama-hormone ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwelashwa ngemisebe kunganconywa ngemva kokuhlinzwa uma isimila singenakususwa ngokuphelele ngokuphephile.

Yimiphi imiphumela emibi evamile yokuhlinzwa?

Ukuhlinzwa kwe-craniopharyngioma kuyinselele kakhulu. Okokuqala, ngoba lezi zimila zikhula eduze kwemizwa ebucayi kakhulu kanye ne-pituitary gland, kunengozi enkulu yokuzilimaza. Okwesibili, ukususa i-craniopharyngioma kufana nokususa isitika emvilophini ngaphandle kokulimaza imvilophi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lezi zimila zinamathele kakhulu emvelweni ye-pituitary kanye nemizwa exhumanisa nombono. Abanye odokotela bakholelwa ukuthi ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe lezi zimila kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu njengesimila ngokwaso. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda kusengaphambili ukuthi iyini injongo yokuhlinzwa nokuthi yimiphi imiphumela emibi ongayilindela.

Ingabe i-Craniopharyngioma ingavinjelwa?

Ngeshwa, lezi zimila azinakuvinjelwa. Zakheka ngenxa yezinguquko emaseli ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa komzimba wakho noma wengane yakho.

Ungaphila isikhathi esingakanani ne-Craniopharyngioma?

Abantu abaningi baphila iminyaka eminingi ngemva kokwelashwa. Kodwa lezi zimila zingaphinde zibuye. Sekukonke, cishe u-17% wezimila ezisuswe ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa zizobuya. Leli nani likhuphuka lifike ku-25% kuya ku-63% wezimila ezisuswe ingxenye kuphela. Iningi lama-craniopharyngiomas abuyayo azobuya zingakapheli iminyaka emithathu yokuhlinzwa.

Abanye odokotela babheka i-craniopharyngioma njengesimo esingamahlalakhona esidinga ukunakekelwa nokubhekwa isikhathi eside. Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu:

• Wena noma ingane yakho ningadinga ukuhlinzwa okunye ukuze kususwe isimila esiphinde sivele.
• Uma wena noma i-pituitary gland yengane yakho noma i-hypothalamus ithintwa yi-tumor noma ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa kokushintsha ama-hormone kungadingeka.
• Izingane eziningi ezinokukhuluphala ngokweqile ngenxa ye-hypothalamic okubangelwa yilesi simila zisengozini enkulu yokuba nezinye izinkinga zempilo. Uma ingane yakho inokukhuluphala ngokweqile ngenxa ye-hypothalamic, uzodinga ukwesekwa kanye nesiqondiso ukuze usize ingane yakho ukuthi yenze ukukhetha okuhle kokudla nokuzivocavoca njalo.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela mina/ingane yami?

Wena noma ingane yakho cishe kuzodingeka niphile ne-craniopharyngioma iminyaka eminingi. Lezi zimila zingakhula futhi, futhi ukwelashwa kungase kungaziqedi ngokuphelele zonke izimpawu. Cabanga ngalezi zinto lapho uhlela ukunakekelwa kwengane yakho/yakho:

• Kufanele ubonane nodokotela wakho minyaka yonke ukuze aqaphe impilo yakho noma yengane yakho iyonke.
• Udokotela wakho noma wengane yakho cishe uzo-oda ukuhlolwa kwaminyaka yonke, ngokuvamile ukuhlolwa kwe-MRI , ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi izimila ziphinde zavela futhi.
• Wena noma ingane yakho ningadinga usizo lokuphatha izimo ezifana nokuntuleka kwama-hormone noma izinkinga zokubona ezingalungiswanga ngokuhlinzwa.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami/wengane yami?

Nakuba i-craniopharyngioma iyisimila esingavamile, esingesona umdlavuza, ingabangela izimo eziningana zezokwelapha eziyinselele ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside. Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninesimila, ningase nikhathazeke ngokuphatha lesi simo sokuphila konke. Nansi eminye imibuzo engakusiza ukuthi ukhulume nodokotela wakho noma wengane yakho:

• Angikaze ngizwe ngalesi sithelo. Ungangichazela ukuthi siyini?
• Ingabe lesi simila singangibangela mina/ingane yami ukuba nezinye izinkinga ezinkulu zezokwelapha?
• Kungani mina/ingane yami saba nalesi simila?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezikhona?
• Angakanani amathuba okuba ukwelashwa kuphumelele?
• Ingabe ukwelashwa kuzoqeda izimpawu zengane yami/yengane yami?
• Yimiphi imiphumela emibi yesikhathi esifushane neyesikhathi eside yokwelashwa?
• Kwenzekani uma isimila siphinde sakhula?

Ngisho noma uhlinzwa ukuze kususwe i-craniopharyngioma, lezi zimila ezingavamile, ezingenayo umdlavuza zingaba nemiphumela yesikhathi eside kuwe noma enganeni yakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wena noma ingane yakho ningadinga ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo kwezokwelapha ngezimo ezibangelwa yilesi simila. Ngandlela thile, i-craniopharyngioma yisifo esingamahlalakhona okuzodingeka wena noma ingane yakho nisiphathe impilo yenu yonke. Nakuba odokotela bengenakuyelapha ngokuphelele, bangenza konke okusemandleni abo ukusiza wena nengane yakho ukuba nibhekane nezinselele zokuphila nalesi simila esingavamile.

Ekugcineni, umyalezo okufanele uwuthathe uye ekhaya:

I-Craniopharyngioma iyisimo esibi nesingavamile, kodwa singaphathwa ngokwelashwa okufanele kanye nokuhlela isikhathi eside.

• Funa iseluleko sezokwelapha njalo: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlala uxhumana nethimba lakho lezokwelapha futhi ube khona ezivivinyweni ezihleliwe kanye nama-aphoyintimenti.
• Hlala unethemba: Nakuba lolu uhambo luyinselele, awuwedwa. Ngokusekelwa odokotela, umndeni, nabangani, uzothola amandla okudlula kulokhu.
• Yaziswa: Ukwaziswa kahle ngalesi simo, ukwelashwa kwaso, kanye nezinkinga ezingaba khona kuzokusiza ukuthi wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi.

Khumbula, ukutholakala kusenesikhathi kanye nokuphathwa okufanele kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuphila ngempumelelo nalesi simo. Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninezinye zalezi zimpawu, ningangabazi ukubona udokotela.

I- Craniopharyngioma, izimila zobuchopho, indlala ye-pituitary, ama-hormone, umbono, impilo yengane, izimila ezingezona umdlavuza