Iyini i-SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion)? Ake sixoxe ngayo kalula!

Wake wacabanga ukuthi inani lamanzi emzimbeni wethu alilawulwa nje kuphela, kodwa ukuthi i-hormone ekhethekile iyasiza ngakho? Empeleni, kunendlela emangalisayo esiza ukugcina inani lamanzi nosawoti (okungukuthi i-sodium) emizimbeni yethu lilungile. Eyinhloko esiza ngalokhu i-hormone ethi `ADH`. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi lapho le hormone ethi `ADH` iqala ukwakheka kakhulu emizimbeni yethu, kungavela izinkinga ezincane. Leso yisimo esizokhuluma ngaso namuhla, `SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion)`. Nakuba igama lingase libonakale lide kancane, masiliqonde kalula.

Iyini ngempela i-SIADH?

Kalula nje, i-SIADH yisimo lapho umzimba wakho ukhiqiza khona i-hormone eningi kakhulu, noma ngokungafanele, i-'Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH). Le hormone i-'ADH' ibizwa nangokuthi i-'Vasopressin'. Le hormone i-'ADH' ikhiqizwa yi-hypothalamus ebuchosheni bethu. Ngemva kwalokho, igcinwa endlaleni ye -pituitary engemuva bese ikhishwa emzimbeni uma kudingeka. Manje, ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezibalulekile le hormone i-'ADH' ezisiza emizimbeni yethu:

• Ukulondoloza ibhalansi phakathi kwenani lamanzi kanye ne-sodium ( usawoti ) egazini lethu.
• Kusiza ukulawula umfutho wegazi .
• Kusiza izinso ukuthi zisebenze kahle.

Kalula nje, i-hormone ethi `ADH` ilawula inani lamanzi elikhishwa yizinso zakho emchameni wakho. Uma kwenzeka i-`SIADH`, ngenxa yokweqisa kwale hormone ethi `ADH`, umzimba wakho uqala ukugcina amanzi amaningi. Umphumela oyinhloko walokhu ukuthi izinga le-sodium (usawoti) egazini lakho liyehla. Ngokwezokwelapha, lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi `Hyponatremia`.

Ngubani okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi athinteke yi-SIADH?

Eqinisweni, noma ubani angaba ne-'SIADH'. Kodwa-ke, ingozi yalesi simo iyanda njengoba iminyaka ikhula. Ngokuvamile, lesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi 'SIADH' sivame kakhulu ku:

• Phakathi kwabantu abalulama ekuhlinzweni ezibhedlela, lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yoketshezi olunikezwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa, eminye imithi, kanye nokusabela komzimba ebuhlungwini nasekucindezelekeni.
• Phakathi kwabantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu, ikakhulukazi labo abanohlobo olubizwa ngokuthi " umdlavuza wamaphaphu wamaseli amancane ( SCLC )".

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi i-SIADH?

I-'SIADH' yisimo esivame kakhulu. I-'Hyponatremia' (i-sodium ephansi egazini) esikhulume ngayo ekuqaleni iyisifo esivame kakhulu se-'Electrolyte' esibonakala ezigulini ezibhedlela. I-'SIADH' iyimbangela eyinhloko ye-'Hyponatremia'.

I-SIADH ibangela kanjani i-hyponatremia?

Ake uzicabange womile kakhulu. Wenzani umzimba wakho? Kubonisa umzimba ukuthi ukhulule i-hormone ethi `ADH`. Izinso zinciphisa inani lamanzi akhishwa emchameni, bese umzimba ugcina lawo manzi. Uma uphuza amanzi, lapho ukoma kwakho kuncipha, umzimba uyayeka ukukhipha i-`ADH`, futhi izinso ziqala ukukhipha amanzi emchameni ngendlela evamile futhi. Lena inqubo evamile. Kodwa-ke, kubantu abaningi abane-`SIADH`, ukukhishwa kwe-hormone ethi `ADH` akwehli kahle ngisho nangemva kokuphuza amanzi. Ngakho-ke, umchamo wabo ugcwele kakhulu (okusho amanzi amancane kanye nokungcola okuningi). Lokhu kubangela ukuthi amanzi aqongeleleke emzimbeni. Lapho la manzi eqongeleleka, izinto ezifana ne-sodium egazini ziyancishiswa. Yilapho izinga le-sodium egazini lehla, okubizwa ngokuthi `Hyponatremia`. Kwezinye izimo ze-`SIADH`, lapho umzimba unamanzi amaningi kakhulu, izinso zinikezwa uphawu lokukhipha usawoti omningi (i-sodium) emchameni. Lena enye imbangela ye-`hyponatremia`.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-SIADH?

Uma une-'SIADH', umchamo wakho ugcwele kakhulu. Lokho kusho ukuthi kunemfucuza eminingi kakhulu namanzi amancane kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi umzimba wakho awuvamisile ukukhipha amanzi ngomchamo, inani lamanzi egazini lakho liyakhula. Lokhu kunciphisa izinto ezifana ne-sodium egazini lakho.

Amazinga aphansi e-sodium egazini (i-hyponatremia) yimbangela eyinhloko yezimpawu ze -SIADH .

Esikhathini esiningi, ngisho namazinga e-sodium aphansi kancane awabangeli izimpawu ezinkulu. Kodwa-ke, uma amazinga e-sodium ephansi noma aphansi kakhulu, izimpawu ezinjengalezi zingase zivele:

• Ukuqhaqhazela kwemisipha noma ubuthakathaka. Cabanga uzizwa sengathi imilenze yakho iyaqhaqhazela nje.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza .
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu .
• Izinkinga ngokulinganisela, okungabangela ukuwa ngezinye izikhathi.
• Izinguquko zengqondo, njengobunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo, ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, kanye/noma ukuziphatha okungajwayelekile.
• Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukuquleka noma i-coma kungenzeka.

Yiziphi izimbangela ze-SIADH?

Esikhathini esiningi, i-SIADH ibangelwa esinye isimo sezokwelapha. I-SIADH ezuzwe njengefa (okusho ukuthi idluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane) ayivamile kakhulu.Kubangelwa ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo kuma-receptor e-'Vasopressin 2 (V2)' ezinso. Nazi ezinye zezimo nezimbangela ezivame ukuba nomthelela ekwakhekeni kwe-'SIADH':

• Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza: Ezinye izimila zingakhiqiza i-hormone yazo ye-ADH. Lokhu kungaholela ekweqiseni kwe-ADH emzimbeni, okuholela ku-SIADH. Umdlavuza wamaphaphu wamangqamuzana amancane (i-SCLC) uhlobo lomdlavuza oluvame kakhulu olukhiqiza i-ADH ngale ndlela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umdlavuza ofana nomdlavuza wamangqamuzana amancane okhula ngaphandle kwamaphaphu, umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo, kanye nama-neuroblastomas okunuka nawo angabangela i-SIADH.
• Izinkinga Zesistimu Yezinzwa Ephakathi (CNS): Uhlelo lwethu lwezinzwa oluphakathi lwakhiwe ubuchopho nomgogodla. Noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka kulesi simiso, njengokushaywa unhlangothi, ukopha ebuchosheni, ukutheleleka, ukulimala, noma, okungajwayelekile, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, kungabangela i-SIADH.
• Eminye imithi: Eminye imithi ingakhuphula ukukhululwa noma umsebenzi we-hormone ethi `ADH`. Ngakho-ke, i-`SIADH` ingenzeka. Isibonelo, eminye imithi yesifo sokuwa, imithi yokucindezeleka, imithi yomdlavuza, kanye neminye imithi yesifo senhliziyo, isifo sikashukela, kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme.
• Ukuhlinzwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia: I-SIADH ingahlotshaniswa nokuhlinzwa. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yokucindezeleka kwengqondo nokomzimba umzimba obhekana nakho.
• Isifo samaphaphu: Isifo samaphaphu, ikakhulukazi i-pneumonia (ebangelwa amagciwane, amagciwane, noma isifo sofuba), singabangela i-SIADH. Abacwaningi abakaqiniseki ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka.
• Ukuntuleka kwama-hormone: Zombili izimo ezibizwa ngokuthi 'i-Hypopituitarism' (i-pituitary gland engasebenzi kahle) kanye ne-'Hypothyroidism' (i-thyroid gland engasebenzi kahle) zingabangela 'i-SIADH'.

I-SIADH itholakala kanjani ?

Uma unezimpawu ze-hyponatremia (i-sodium ephansi egazini), udokotela wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele ngokomzimba. Bazohlola nesimo sakho soketshezi. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa okunembile. Bazohlola ukuthi uphelelwe amanzi emzimbeni, uphelelwe amanzi emzimbeni, noma ulungile. Akukho ukuhlolwa okukodwa okungcono kakhulu kokuxilonga i-SIADH. Nakuba kunezivivinyo ezingahlola izinga le-ADH egazini lakho, kungathatha amasonto amabili ukuthi imiphumela ibuye. Ngakho-ke, udokotela wakho cishe uzoyala ezinye izivivinyo ukuze ahlole i-hyponatremia, njenge:

• Iphaneli Ephelele Ye-Metabolic (i-CMP).
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-osmolality yegazi.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Osmolality yomchamo.
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo kwe-sodium ne-potassium.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa ezithile.

Uma ingane yakho inezimpawu ze-SIADH, udokotela angase acele ukuhlolwa kwezithombe (isib., amaskeni) kwamaphaphu nobuchopho.

Iphathwa kanjani i-SIADH?

Ukwelashwa kwe-SIADH kuncike embangela. Isibonelo, uma unesimila esikhiqiza i-ADH, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe. Uma lesi simo sibangelwa umuthi, udokotela wakho angashintsha umthamo womuthi noma akunike umuthi ohlukile. Kuzo zonke izimo ze-SIADH, isinyathelo sokuqala ukunciphisa inani loketshezi oluphuzayo. Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela umzimba wakho ukuthi ungagcini uketshezi oluningi. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi kufanele uphuze uketshezi olungakanani nsuku zonke (kufaka phakathi amanzi, ikhofi, itiye, neziphuzo ezinoshukela). Uma unezimpawu ezinzima ze-hyponatremia (njengokudideka, ukuxhuzula), kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Lokhu kuvame ukwelashwa esibhedlela nge-saline (isixazululo sikasawoti esinikezwa nge-IV) esinikezwa emthanjeni. Ungadinga futhi umuthi wokuvimbela imiphumela ye-hormone ye-ADH ezinso zakho. Ngemuva kwalokho izinso zithola izimpawu bese ziqala ukukhipha amanzi amaningi emzimbeni ngomchamo.

Ingabe i-SIADH ingavinjelwa?

Ngenxa yokuthi kunezimbangela eziningi ze-'SIADH', ngokuvamile kunzima ukuyivimbela. Uma ukhathazekile ngokuthi ungase ube ne-'SIADH' noma 'hyponatremia', khuluma nodokotela wakho.

Iyini iphrojekthi ye-SIADH?

Umbono we-SIADH uncike embangela eyinhloko. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izimbangela eziningi ze-SIADH ziyaguquguquka futhi/noma ziyalapheka. I-hyponatremia ebukhali, eyenzeka ngokushesha, ngaphansi kwamahora angu-48, iyingozi kakhulu kune-hyponatremia ekhula kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. I-hyponatremia engapheli ihlotshaniswa nezinkinga zezinzwa (isb., ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi, ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo). Uma i-SIADH inzima futhi izinga le-sodium egazini lehla kakhulu, okulandelayo kungenzeka:

• Ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, ukubona izinto ezingekho, noma ukuba sekhomeni.
• Ukuqothulwa kobuchopho.
• Ukufa.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela mayelana ne-SIADH?

Uma uzwa izimpawu ze-hyponatremia, njengokuqaqamba kwemisipha nezinkinga zokulinganisela, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Njengoba kungaba nezimbangela eziningana zalezi zimpawu, udokotela wakho cishe uzokwenza izivivinyo ezahlukahlukene.

Uma unezimpawu zokuncipha okukhulu kwe-hyponatremia, njengokudideka, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, noma ukuxhuzula, hamba esibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha okukhulu.

I-SIADH yisimo esivamile esingaba nezimbangela eziningana. Sivame ukuthinta abantu asebevele bebhedlela. Kodwa-ke, uma uzwa izimpawu ze-SIADH, njengokucasuka noma ukushintsha kwengqondo, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngakho-ke ngithemba ukuthi usuyiqonda kangcono i-'SIADH' esikhulume ngayo namuhla.

• I-'SIADH' yisimo lapho umzimba ugcina khona amanzi futhi wehlisa i-sodium egazini ngenxa yokukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwe-hormone ethi `ADH'.
• Kungaba nezizathu eziningi zalokhu; izinto ezifana nomdlavuza, imithi ethile, ukuhlinzwa, isifo samaphaphu, njll.
• Izimpawu zingase zihlanganise isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, isiyezi, kanye nezinguquko zengqondo . Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukuquleka nokulahlekelwa ukwazi kungase kwenzeke.
• Ukwelashwa kungafaka phakathi ukulawula uketshezi, ukwelapha imbangela, kanye nokunikeza usawoti noma imithi uma kudingeka .
• Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi, uma unalezi zimpawu, ungesabi futhi ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ngaleyo ndlela, ungathola ukuthi yini ngempela engalungile bese uqala ukwelashwa okudingekayo.

Ukunakekela impilo yakho kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela izinto ezinjengalezi. I-SIADH, i-Antidiuretic Hormone, i-ADH, i-Hyponatremia, i-Vasopressin, i-Sodium, ukungalingani kwamaHormone