Uke wezwa ngesifo esingajwayelekile esithinta ubuchopho? Ake sifunde ngeCreutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD).

Kungenzeka ukuthi udidekile kancane lapho uzwa igama lalesi sifo, ucabanga ukuthi, "Siyini lesi sifo esingajwayelekile?" Isifo iCreutzfeldt-Jakob, noma i-CJD (Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease) njengoba sisibiza ngamafuphi, yisimo esingavamile kakhulu kodwa esibi kakhulu esonakalisa ukusebenza kobuchopho bethu . Kalula nje, okwenzekayo ukuthi amangqamuzana ethu obuchopho ayabhujiswa kancane kancane. Lokhu kungabangela izinto ezifana nokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, ukudideka, kanye nezinguquko zokuziphatha kanye nobunzima bokuhamba.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-CJD?

Izimpawu zalesi sifo azibonakali zonke ngesikhathi esisodwa. Zikhula kancane kancane. Zingaqala kancane kancane futhi zibe zimbi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ake sibheke izimpawu eziyinhloko, kusukela ekuqaleni kuya kwezinzima kakhulu:

• Izinkinga zokukhohlwa kanye nenkumbulo: Kuqala ngokukhohlwa izinto ezincane. Izinto ezifana nokuthi izinkinobho zakho zikuphi, igama lomuntu. Kodwa lokhu kungaphezu nje kokukhohlwa okuvamile.
• Ukudideka nokudideka: Ubunzima bokukhumbula ukuthi ukuphi nokuthi isikhathi sini. Ubunzima bokuthola indlela yakho ngisho nasezindaweni ozaziyo.
• Izinguquko ekuziphatheni nasebuntwini: Ukungasafani nakuqala, ukwenza izinto ngendlela ephambene nobuntu, ukuthukuthela ngezindlela ezingavamile, noma ukuthula ngokuzumayo . Ukuzama ukuzikhipha emphakathini.
• Izinkinga zokubona nobunzima bokuqonda okubonayo: Ngezinye izikhathi ubona okuphindwe kabili, noma awukwazi ukuqonda okubonayo.
• Ukuphupha noma ukuphupha: Ukubona noma ukuzwa izinto ezingekho, noma ukuba nezinkolelo ezingamanga zokuthi abanye bazama ukukulimaza.
• Ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi nezinkinga zokuxhumanisa (i-ataxia): Ukuzizwa ungenaso isilawuli lapho uhamba, ukhubeka, futhi uwa. Ubunzima bokulawula izitho zomzimba.
• Ukudikiza kwemisipha okungalawuleki (i-myoclonus) kanye nokuqina kwemisipha (i-dystonia): Ukudlikizela kwemisipha emzimbeni ngokuzumayo, ukuthuthumela kwamalungu. Ngezinye izikhathi imisipha iyaqina futhi iphenduke ngendlela engavamile.
• Ukuquleka: Kungafika njengokuquleka.
• Ukukhubazeka: Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izingxenye zomzimba zingakhubazeka.
• Ukuwohloka kwemisipha: Imisipha iyawohloka futhi umzimba uba mncane.

Lezi zimpawu aziveli ngendlela efanayo noma ngesivinini esifanayo kuwo wonke umuntu, kodwa uma wena noma othile omaziyo ebhekene nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, kungcono ukubona udokotela ngokushesha okukhulu.

Kungani i-CJD ivele? Yini ebangela lokho?

Lokhu kungase kubonakale kuyinkimbinkimbi ukukuqonda, kodwa ake ngikuchaze kalula. Imizimba yethu inohlobo lweprotheni olubizwa ngokuthi iphrotheni . Lokhu kufana nemishini emincane eyenza imisebenzi yayo ngamunye ngamunye. Ukuze la maphrotheni asebenze kahle, kudingeka "agoqwe" abe yisimo esithile. Cabanga ngakho njengeqabunga le-origami, uma uligoqa kahle, uthola isimo esihle.

Ngakho-ke, ngezinye izikhathi lawa maprotheni agobeka ngendlela engafanele. Iphrotheni egobeke ngendlela engafanele ayisetshenziswa amangqamuzana ethu obuchopho. I-CJD ibangelwa enye yalawo maprotheni agobeke ngendlela engafanele, angavamile. Lawa abizwa ngokuthi "ama-prion."

Lawa ma-prion protein aqala ukuqongelela ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana obuchopho. Njengoba amaseli engakwazi ukuwasusa, alimaza kancane kancane amaseli futhi ekugcineni afe. ​​Into eyingozi kakhulu ukuthi la ma-prion angaphinda ahlukanise amaprotheni avamile, awaguqule abe ama-prion. Njengesifo esithathelwanayo, la ma-prion ayanda futhi asakazeke kuwo wonke ubuchopho. Yingakho lesi sifo siba sibi ngokushesha.

Cabanga nje, le prion yenza into efana ne-apula elibolile elilimaza amanye ama-apula amahle.

Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-CJD?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko ze-CJD. Lezi zihlukaniswa ngokwendlela ezikhula ngayo.

1. I-CJD engavamile: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Luvela ngokuzumayo, ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile. Imbangela eqondile ayikakaziwa.

2. I-Genetic CJD: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-gene engavamile izuzwe njengefa kumzali oyedwa noma bobabili. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zalokhu: i-Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS) syndrome kanye ne -Fatal Familyal Insomnia . Lezi azivamile kakhulu.

3. I-CJD Etholakale: Lokhu kubangelwa imbangela yangaphandle. Isibonelo, kungabangelwa ukufakelwa isitho , ukufakelwa izicubu , noma ukusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi zokuhlinza ezingakahlanzwa kahle. Kodwa-ke, lezi azivamile kulezi zinsuku, ngoba ubuchwepheshe bezokwelapha buthuthuke kakhulu.

4. I-Variant CJD (vCJD): Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngalokhu njengokuhlobene nesifo esithi "Mad Cow Disease" noma i-Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) . Ungathola i-vCJD ngokudla inyama yenkomo ene-BSE. I-prion ebangela i-BSE ingadluliselwa nakubantu. Kodwa-ke, lokhu manje kuyinto engavamile kakhulu emhlabeni, ngenxa yezinyathelo zokuphepha ezithathwa ekukhuliseni izilwane.

Ubani ongase abe ne-CJD? Ingabe iyathelelana?

Eqinisweni, noma ubani angathola i-CJD. Ngezinye izikhathi ungaba ne-prion emzimbeni wakho iminyaka eminingi ngaphandle kokubonisa izimpawu. Kodwa uma izimpawu sezivele, lesi sifo singaba sibi ngokushesha njengoba ubuchopho bonakalisiwe.

Lesi sifo sivame ukuthinta abantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-50 no-80. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo zezakhi zofuzo ze-CJD ngezinye izikhathi zingabonakala kubantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-30 no-50.

Manje ungase uzibuze ukuthi lesi yisifo esithathelwanayo yini. Umuntu one-CJD akanakusabalala kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye ngokuthintana okuvamile, ukuthimula, noma ukwabelana ngokudla. Akukho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho. Ukuphela kwendlela yokuthola i-CJD, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ukufakelwa isitho noma izicubu ezivela kumuntu one-CJD, noma ngokujova ama-hormone athile avela kumuntu one-CJD.

I-Variant CJD (vCJD) itholakale idluliselwa ngokumpontshelwa igazi , kodwa lokho nakho akuvamile. Uhlobo lwe-vCJD nalo aluvamile emhlabeni jikelele.

Odokotela bayixilonga kanjani ngokunembile i-CJD?

Uma ucabanga ukuthi unezimpawu ze-CJD, into yokuqala udokotela angayenza ukulalela ngokucophelela izimpawu zakho bese ekwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba nangokwezinzwa. Ngezinye izikhathi bazokucela ukuthi wenze izinto ezincane ukuze bathole umbono wokuthi ubuchopho bakho busebenza kanjani.

I-CJD ingeyeqembu lezifo ezibizwa ngokuthi i-Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy . Leli gama livela eqinisweni lokuthi ubuchopho obonakele ngama-prion bubukeka njengesiponji esinezimbobo uma bubukwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope.

Odokotela benza ezinye izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa i-CJD.

• I-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scan: Lokhu kuthatha izithombe ezinemininingwane zobuchopho futhi kuhlole noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka ebuchosheni.
• Ukubhoboza umgogodla noma i-lumbar puncture: Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha isampula yoketshezi oluvela emgogodleni bese luhlolwa ukuze kutholakale amaprotheni e-prion.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-EEG (i-Electroencephalogram): Lokhu kulinganisa umsebenzi kagesi wobuchopho futhi kubheka amaphethini angajwayelekile. Iphethini ethile ingabonakala ku-CJD.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungase kwenziwe ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuze kutholakale ezinye izimo ezinezimpawu ezifana neze-CJD.

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi
• Ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo: Uma kusolwa ukuthi i-CJD yezakhi zofuzo iyatholakala.
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo
• I-biopsy yobuchopho: Lokhu kwenziwa kaningi kakhulu, kuphela uma zonke ezinye izivivinyo zehluleka ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, ngoba inqubo yokuhlinzwa encane.

Ingabe ikhona indlela yokwelapha i-CJD?

Ngeshwa, okwamanje akukho ukwelashwa kwe-CJD, akukho ukwelashwa kokuvimba ukusabalala kwalesi sifo, noma akukho ukwelashwa kokusinciphisa . Lena yingxenye edabukisayo kakhulu yalesi sifo.

Kodwa-ke, ukunakekelwa kokunciphisa ubuhlungu kunganikezwa ukuze kuncishiswe ukungakhululeki okubangelwa izimpawu futhi kuhlinzekwe impumuzo ethile esigulini. Isibonelo, imithi inganikezwa ukulawula ukuxhuzula, ukuphatha izinguquko zokuziphatha, noma ukunciphisa ukuqaqamba kwemisipha okungalawuleki. Kodwa-ke, izinzuzo zalokhu kwelashwa zilinganiselwe.

Ngenxa yokuthi lesi simo singaba sibi kakhulu ngokushesha, kubalulekile ukuthi isiguli nomndeni bathole ukunakekelwa okusekelwayo. Ezigabeni zokugcina zesifo, izinsizakalo ze-hospice zisiza isiguli ukuba sihlale sikhululekile futhi singenabuhlungu.

Ngezinye izikhathi, uma ufanelekile, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lingaphakamisa nokuthi uhlanganyele ezivivinyweni zemitholampilo, ezifunda izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha.

Yini ongayilindela uma uthola i-CJD?

Njengoba i-CJD ingelapheki futhi ingenalo ikhambi, alikho ithemba ngalesi sifo. Ngemva kokuqala kwezimpawu, ikhono lokusebenza, ukuhamba, nokukhuluma liyehla kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ngenxa yokuthi izinguquko zingenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu, kubalulekile ukusebenzisana nethimba lakho lezokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuze nixoxe ngezifiso nezidingo zenu futhi nithathe izinqumo. Eqinisweni, kuwumqondo omuhle kithi sonke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sinesifo, ukuba nedokhumenti efana nesiqondiso kusengaphambili . Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma ungakwazi ukuveza imicabango yakho, usubhale phansi ukuthi yiluphi usizo lwezokwelapha olufunayo nokuthi yini ongayifuni. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza lokhu kusenesikhathi esifweni esisakazeka ngokushesha njenge-CJD.

Ngenxa yokuthi lesi sifo sibi kakhulu, kungaba usizo kakhulu kuwe nakubathandekayo bakho ukufuna iseluleko kuchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo . Kungaba amandla amakhulu ukuzivumelanisa nalezi zinguquko nokwakha ukuzethemba kwakho.

Ingakanani isikhathi sokuphila sesiguli se-CJD?

Iningi leziguli ze-CJD liyafa zingakapheli izinyanga ezimbalwa noma unyaka ngemva kokuxilongwa. Okuwukuphela komehluko yi -CJD yofuzo , lapho abantu bengaphila khona kusukela onyakeni owodwa kuya kweyishumi ngemva kokuqala kwezimpawu.

Udokotela wakho angakunikeza ulwazi oluqondile nolusesikhathini mayelana nesimo sakho. Khumbula, izibalo ziyizinto ezivamile, futhi wonke umuntu uhlukile.

Ingabe i-CJD ingavinjelwa?

Izinhlobo eziningi ze-CJD azinakuvinjelwa. Ikakhulukazi i-CJD engavamile, eyenzeka ngokungazelelwe, ayinayo indlela yokuyivimbela.

Uhlobo olulodwa kuphela olungavinjelwa yi -variant CJD (vCJD) . Lubangelwa ukudla inyama yenkomo ene-BSE ("isifo sezinkomo ezihlanyayo"), futhi engavinjelwa.

Ukuhlolwa kwezilwane kuvimbela izinkomo ezinegciwane le-BSE ukuthi zingangeni ochungechungeni lokudla. Kodwa-ke, inyama engahlolwanga nengalungiswanga kahle ingaba yingozi. Ngakho-ke, kuphephile ukugwema ukudla inyama engalawulwanga nengahlolwanga, ikakhulukazi leyo equkethe izingxenye ezifana nobuchopho kanye nomnkantsha .

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Ukuxilongwa kwe-CJD kungaba yinto eshintsha impilo. Kungazwakala sengathi wena nomhlaba okuzungezile nihambile ngokuphazima kweso. Ushintsho olunjalo lungaba nzima kuwe nakubathandekayo bakho ukulubekezelela.

Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi ucabangani ngalokhu noma ukuthi uqhubeke kanjani, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lilapha ukuzokusiza. Bangakusiza uhlele kusenesikhathi futhi ulungiselele okuzayo. Khumbula nje ukuthi awuwedwa.

Isifo sikaCreutzfeldt -Jakob, i-CJD, i-Prion, Isifo Sobuchopho, Isifo Sezinzwa, Ukulahlekelwa Yinkumbulo, I-Dementia, i-BSE, Isifo Sezinkomo Ezihlanyayo