Wake wazizwa sengathi ingxenye eyodwa yengalo noma umlenze wakho ihlala indikindiki, noma ibuhlungu nje? Ngezinye izikhathi sicabanga ukuthi kunenkinga ngaleyo ngalo noma umlenze. Kodwa imbangela ingaba kude kakhulu, emsipheni ovela emgogodleni wakho. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngale 'mephu yemizwa' emangalisayo yomzimba wethu. Kwezokwelapha, lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-dermatome. Lesi yisihloko esithakazelisayo kakhulu, ake sibone ukuthi siyini.
Kalula nje, iyini i-dermatome?
I-dermatome yigama elinikezwa indawo ethile yesikhumba emzimbeni wethu. Kodwa akuyona nje indawo yesikhumba. Indawo ngayinye yalezi ilawulwa, okusho ukuthi imizwa (imizwa) yaleyo ndawo ithwalwa iye ebuchosheni ngenzwa ethile emgogodleni wethu (umgogodla).
Cabanga ngale ndlela. Umgogodla wakho ufana nomgwaqo omkhulu. Ulwazi (izimpawu zemizwa) luhamba phezulu naphansi kulo mgwaqo omkhulu, luye ebuchosheni nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Kunezindlela ezincane ezingena futhi ziphuma kulo mgwaqo omkhulu. Lezo zindlela eziphambene yizinzwa zomgogodla eziphuma emgogodleni wethu. Indlela ngayinye ephambene ixhunywe engxenyeni ethile yomzimba. Leyo ndawo ethile yesikhumba ibizwa ngokuthi i-dermatome.
Lobu budlelwano busebenza ngezindlela zombili.
1. Ukusuka ebuchosheni kuya emzimbeni: Uma ufuna ukuhambisa ingalo yakho, isignali evela ebuchosheni bakho ihamba ngomgogodla wakho futhi idlule emthanjeni ofanele iye emisipheni engalweni yakho.
2. Ukusuka emzimbeni kuya ebuchosheni: Uma uphonsa amanzi ashisayo esandleni sakho, umuzwa uhamba usuka esikhumbeni udlule ezinzwa ezifanele uye emgogodleni bese usuka lapho uye ebuchosheni, okukwenza uzizwe "isandla sakho siyashisa." Lena indlela konke okuzwakala ngayo, okuhlanganisa ukuthinta, ukubanda, ukushisa, nobuhlungu.
Ngakho-ke, le mephu yesikhumba ibaluleke kanjani kudokotela?
Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Uma unesifo sokungezwani komzimba, ubuhlungu, noma ulahlekelwa umuzwa noma kuphi emzimbeni wakho, udokotela wakho angasebenzisa le mephu ye-dermatome ukuthola ukuthi inkinga ikuphi.
Cabanga ukuthi isithupha sakho siyaqhubeka nokuba ndikindiki. Uma udokotela wakho ebheka imephu ye-dermatome, uyazi ukuthi inzwa enikeza inzwa kusithupha sakho yi-vertebra yesithupha yomlomo wesibeletho (C6). Angase asole ukuthi inkinga ayikho esandleni sakho, kodwa isentanyeni yakho. Mhlawumbe i-disc phakathi komunye we-vertebrae yomlomo wesibeletho yakho ishelele futhi icindezela inzwa.
Kalula nje, i-dermatome ifana nomhlahlandlela osiza odokotela ukuthola izinkinga ohlelweni lwakho lwezinzwa.
La ma-dermatome atholakala kanjani emzimbeni wethu?
Ngaphandle kobuso bethu, umzimba wethu wonke ugcwele ama-dermatomes. (Izinzwa zobuso zixhunywe ngqo ebuchosheni, ukuze zingadluli emgogodleni.) Lezi zifana namabhande azungeze imizimba yethu.
Ukuze siqonde lokhu, ake siqale sifunde ngezingxenye zomgogodla wethu.
- Umgogodla Wesibeletho: Lokhu kutholakala entanyeni. Kunamathambo angu-7 kanye nezinzwa ezingu-8 (C1 kuya ku-C8).
- Umgogodla Wesifuba: Lokhu kutholakala engxenyeni ephezulu nephakathi yomhlane. Unama-vertebrae angu-12 kanye nama-nerve angu-12 (T1 kuya ku-T12).
- Umgogodla Wethambo: Lokhu kutholakala emhlane wakho ongezansi. Kunamathambo omgogodla ama-5 kanye nezinzwa ezi-5 (L1 kuya ku-L5).
- Umgogodla weSacral: Yilapho umgogodla uxhumana khona nethambo lesinqe. Unama-vertebrae ama-5 (ahlangana ndawonye lapho umuntu ekhula) kanye nama-nerve amabili ama-5 (S1 kuya ku-S5).
- Umgogodla We-Coccygeal: Lona umsila wethu. Wakhiwe ngamathambo omgogodla angaba ngu-4 ahlanganiswe ndawonye. Unezinzwa ezimbili.
Manje ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye zomzimba ngayinye yalezi zinzwa ezixhumene nazo.
Ama-dermatome ahlobene nemizwa yomlomo wesibeletho (Imizwa Yomlomo Wesibeletho - C1-C8)
Imizwa evela entanyeni ixhumene kakhulu nekhanda, intamo, amahlombe, izingalo neminwe.
| Imizwa | Indawo Yesikhumba Exhunyiwe |
|---|---|
| C2 | Ingemuva lekhanda nendawo yesilevu ngaphansi kwezindlebe. |
| C3 | Izinhlangothi kanye nengemuva lentamo. |
| C4 | Ingxenye engezansi yentamo, ingxenye ephezulu yamahlombe. |
| C5 | Amahlombe kanye nangemuva kwengalo. |
| C6 | Uhlangothi lwesithupha lwengalo, lolo hlangothi lwesandla kanye nesithupha. |
| C7 | Iphakathi kwengemuva lesandla, umunwe wokukhomba kanye nomunwe ophakathi. |
| C8 | Uhlangothi lomunwe omncane wesandla nengalo, umunwe wendandatho kanye nomunwe omncane. |
Ama-dermatome ahlotshaniswa ne-T1-T12
Lezi zinzwa zixhunywe kakhulu esifubeni, esiswini nasemhlane. Zifana namabhande azungeze umzimba.
| Imizwa | Indawo Yesikhumba Exhunyiwe |
|---|---|
| T1 | Uhlangothi lwangaphakathi lwengalo (uhlangothi lwekhwapha). |
| T2 | Ikhwapha kanye nesifuba esingaphezulu. |
| I-T4 | Izinga lezingono. |
| T6 | Izinga eliphansi kakhulu lethambo eliphakathi lesifuba (sternum). |
| T10 | Izinga le-pelvis. |
| T12 | Ngaphezulu nje kwendawo yesisu. |
Ama-dermatome ahlobene ne-Lumbar Neverves (L1-L5)
Lezi zinzwa, ezivela emhlane ongezansi, zixhunywe ezinqeni, emilenzeni nasezinyaweni.
| Imizwa | Indawo Yesikhumba Exhunyiwe |
|---|---|
| L1 | Indawo yembobo kanye nengxenye engenhla yethanga. |
| L2 | Ngaphambili kwethanga. |
| L3 | Ithanga elingezansi nedolo. |
| L4 | Ingaphakathi leqakala kanye neqakala. |
| L5 | Ingemuva lonyawo, ingxenye ephezulu yonyawo, kanye nezinzwane eziningana, okuhlanganisa nozwane olukhulu. |
Imizwa yeSacral kanye neCoccygeal (S1-S5)
Lezi zinzwa zixhunywe ezinqeni, ngemuva kwemilenze, kanye nendawo yokuzala.
| Imizwa | Indawo Yesikhumba Exhunyiwe |
|---|---|
| S1 | Ingemuva lethanga nezinqe, iphansi lonyawo kanye nozwane oluncane. |
| S2 | Iphakathi nendawo yangemuva kwethanga. |
| I-S3-S5 | Indawo ezungeze maphakathi nezinqe, indunu, kanye nezitho zangasese. |
Yiziphi izimo ezithinta ama-dermatomes?
Uphawu lwe-dermatome lubangelwa inkinga nge-nerve noma umgogodla exhumene nayo. Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani izinkinga ezinjalo zingavela:
- Izingozi: Ukulimala komgogodla noma izimpande zemizwa ngenxa yezingozi zezimoto, ukuwa, ukugwazwa, njll.
- Izimila zomgogodla noma umdlavuza: Izimila ezikhula emgogodleni zingabangela ukucindezelwa kwemizwa.
- Ukutheleleka: Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane noma ngamagciwane okuthinta umgogodla noma imizwa kungabangela ukuvuvukala nokucinana kwemizwa.
- Ukuncipha kokunikezwa kwegazi (i-Ischemia): Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi enikeza umgogodla kanye nemizwa.
- Izimo zokuzalwa: Ukukhubazeka komgogodla okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, njenge-spina bifida.
- I-Herniated Disk: Sonke siyasazi isimo esibizwa ngokuthi 'i-herniated disk.' Kulesi simo, i-disc ephakathi kwamathambo omgogodla iyavuvukala bese icindezela inzwa.
Izimpawu ezingase zivele enkingeni ehlobene ne-dermatome
Lezi zimpawu zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko.
| Uhlobo Lwezimpawu | Izibonelo |
|---|---|
| Injini | - Ubuthakathaka bemisipha noma ukukhubazeka (Ukukhubazeka) - Ukufinyela kwemisipha okungalawulwa - Ukuwohloka Kwemisipha |
| Inzwa | - Ukuba ndikindiki - Ukuba ndikindiki - Ubuhlungu (ukushisa, ubuhlungu obuhlabayo) |
| Okuzenzakalelayo | - Ukujuluka ngokweqile noma ukuntuleka kokujuluka endaweni ethintekile - Ubunzima bokulawula umchamo noma indle - Ukuziphatha okubi ngokocansi |
Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ukuthola lezi zinkinga?
Ngemva kokuba udokotela wakho eselalele izimpawu zakho futhi ekuhlolile, angakuthumela ukuthi uyohlolwa njengalezi ukuze kutholakale imbangela eqondile.
- I-CT Scan (i-Computed Tomography): Lokhu kungasiza ekuhloleni kangcono isimo samathambo omgogodla.
- Ukuskena kwe-MRI (I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Lokhu kungathatha isithombe esicacile hhayi nje samathambo omgogodla, kodwa futhi nomgogodla, imizwa, kanye nama-cartilage disc.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-EMG (i-Electromyogram): Lokhu kuhlola ukusebenza kwezinzwa nemisipha, okungukuthi, ukuthi izimpawu zikagesi zihamba kanjani. Lokhu kusiza ekunqumeni ukuthi inzwa yonakele yini.
Yini okufanele siyenze ukuze sivikele umgogodla wethu kanye nezinzwa?
I-dermatome yindaba ephathelene nempilo yomgogodla wethu. Ngakho-ke, ukugcina umgogodla uphilile yinto ebaluleke kakhulu.
- Sebenzisa izindlela zokuphepha: Gqoka ibhande lesihlalo kahle uma ugibela imoto. Gqoka ibhande lokuphepha uma usebenza endaweni ephakeme.
- Qaphela lapho uphakamisa izisindo: Lapho uphakamisa izisindo , goba amadolo akho, hhayi umhlane wakho . Gcina umhlane wakho uqondile. Gwema ukuphakamisa izisindo uma unezinkinga zomhlane.
- Zivikele ekuweni: Gcina iminyango, ikakhulukazi endlini yokugezela nasezitebhisini, ingasheleli. Faka izibambo zokubambelela uma kudingeka.
- Gcina amathambo akho eqinile: Yidla ukudla okucebile nge-calcium ne-vitamin D. Izifo ezinciphisa amathambo njenge- osteoporosis zingabangela ukuthi amathambo aqhekeke kalula.
- Gcina ukuma okuhle: Gcina umhlane wakho uqondile ngenkathi uhleli futhi umile. Ungahlali endaweni efanayo isikhathi eside. Sukuma uhambehamba okungenani kanye njalo ngemva kwesigamu sehora.
Lo mqondo wama-dermatome uyisibonelo esihle sokuthi imizimba yethu iyinkimbinkimbi futhi iklanywe ngendlela emangalisayo kangakanani. Uma uzwa ubuhlungu obunje, ungabunaki, futhi nakanjani bonana nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole iseluleko.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-dermatome yindawo yesikhumba elawulwa yinzwa ethile emgogodleni wethu.
- Ukuba ndikindiki, ubuhlungu, noma ukulahlekelwa umuzwa endaweni ethile yomzimba kungabangelwa inkinga yomthambo womgogodla.
- Le mephu yesikhumba ibaluleke kakhulu kodokotela ukuze baxilonge izifo zezinzwa.
- Eziningi zalezi zinkinga zingavinjelwa ngokunakekela impilo yakho yomhlane nokuzivikela ezingozini.
- Uma unomuzwa ongavamile oqhubekayo (ukuba ndikindiki, ubuhlungu) noma kuphi emzimbeni wakho, ungawushayi indiva bese ubona udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
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