Wake wezwa ngento efana nale emabeleni akho? (Ductal Carcinoma in Situ - DCIS) Ake sixoxe ngalokhu!

Wake wezwa ngegama elithi `DCIS`? Mhlawumbe udokotela ukusho ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwebele lakho `(Mammogram).` Empeleni lesi yisimo somdlavuza esenzeka ngaphakathi kwemisele yobisi yebele, futhi singatholakala kusenesikhathi. Ungakhathazeki, ukwazi lokhu kuzokunikeza impumuzo enkulu.

Kuyini i-DCIS (i-Ductal Carcinoma in Situ)?

Kalula nje, i-DCIS umdlavuza okhula emigudwini yobisi emabeleni akho. Lawa magudwini yiwo athwala ubisi oluvela emabeleni akho luya emabeleni akho uma uncelisa. Igama elithi "in situ" lisho "endaweni." Lokhu kusho ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza akhule emigudwini futhi awakasabalali kwezinye izingxenye zebele.

Odokotela ngezinye izikhathi babiza lokhu ngokuthi umdlavuza webele ongahlaseli noma ongaphambi kokuhlasela . Lokhu kusho ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza awakhulanga ngale kwezindonga zemisele yobisi. I-DCIS ayivamisile ukusabalala (i-metastasize) kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, njengomdlavuza onolaka kakhulu nohlaselayo.

Kodwa-ke, yize i-DCIS ingasabalali ngaphandle kwebele, kwezinye izimo ingaba yi- invasive ductal carcinoma . Okusho ukuthi, ingasabalala ngaphandle kwebele. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela ngalokhu. Ngemuva kwalokho ungakhuluma ngezinketho zokwelapha ezinganciphisa le ngozi.

Ivame kangakanani i-DCIS?

Empeleni i-DCIS uhlobo lomdlavuza webele oluvame kakhulu kwabesifazane. Ibanga u -20% kuya ku-25% womdlavuza webele osanda kutholakala. Amadoda nawo angaba ne-DCIS, kodwa ayivamile kakhulu (ngaphansi kuka-0.1% wokuxilongwa komdlavuza).

Njengamanje, inani lamacala abikiwe e-DCIS likhuphuke kancane. Kodwa ochwepheshe bathi lokhu akubangelwa ukuthi inani lamacala e-DCIS likhuphuke, kodwa kungenxa yokuthi abantu abaningi bayahlolwa futhi belashwa . Okusho ukuthi, ukuhlolwa okufana ne-mammograms kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuthola lesi simo kusenesikhathi.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-DCIS?

Esikhathini esiningi, i-DCIS ayibonisi zimpawu ezithile . Ungase ungaboni lutho. Kodwa-ke, inani elincane kakhulu labantu lingabona izinto ezinjengalezi:

• Ukuzizwa sengathi kuneqhubu ebeleni.
• Ukuluma esikhumbeni sebele.
• Ukuphuma koketshezi (isib. igazi) okuvela engonweni.

Uma ubona into efana nale, kufanele ubonane nodokotela ngokushesha, akunjalo?

Yini ebangela i-DCIS?

I-DCIS ikhula lapho amangqamuzana anempilo emigudwini yakho yobisi eshintshashintsha., okusho ukuthi imvelo yabo ishintshile futhi bakhula ngokushesha nangokungalawuleki. Njengesitshalo esincane sikhula ngokungalawuleki njengokhula. Kodwa ochwepheshe abasazi kahle ukuthi kungani la maseli eshintsha ngokuzumayo, noma ukuthi kungani i-DCIS yabanye abantu iba umdlavuza onamandla kuyilapho abanye bengayishintshi.

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zokuthuthukisa i-DCIS?

Kunezici ezithile ezingandisa ingozi yakho, noma amathuba okuba ne-DCIS. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini:

• Uma izihlobo zakho zegazi (umama, udadewenu, indodakazi) sezike zaba nomdlavuza webele.
• Uma wake waba nomdlavuza webele ngaphambilini , noma uma unesimo lapho amaseli ebeleni ekhula ngendlela engavamile, njenge -hyperplasia engavamile .
• Ungowesifazane (lokhu kuvame kakhulu phakathi kwabesifazane).
• Ukuba neminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30 ubudala . Le ngozi iyanda kancane njengoba umuntu ekhula.
• Uma uqale ukuya esikhathini ungakafiki eminyakeni eyi-12 .
• Uma ubelethe umntwana wakho wokuqala ngemva kweminyaka engu-30 .
• Uma izicubu zebele lakho ziminyene kakhulu, ungase ube "nezicubu zebele eziminyene" . Lokhu kungatholakala kuphela nge-mammogram.
• Uma unezakhi zofuzo ezithile (isib., izakhi zofuzo ze-BRCA1 kanye ne-BRCA2) ezikhulisa ingozi yakho yokuba nomdlavuza.
• Uma uke wathola ukwelashwa ngemisebe ebeleni noma esifubeni (ngesinye isimo).
• Uma ungakaze ukhulelwe noma uncelise umntwana ibele.
• Uma ukunqamuka kokuya esikhathini sekuqalile ngemva kweminyaka engu-55 .

Kodwa-ke, ukuba nesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zici eziyingozi akusho ukuthi uzoba ne-DCIS, akunjalo? Isibonelo, ukuba nomlando womndeni womdlavuza webele kuyisici esiyingozi se-DCIS, kodwa abantu abaningi abane-DCIS abanawo umlando womndeni womdlavuza webele. Izici eziyingozi zandisa amathuba okuthola isimo. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuzazi.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-DCIS?

Into ebalulekile ukuthi uma ungayilaphi i-DCIS, ingaphenduka i-invasive ductal carcinoma . Lokhu kusho ukuthi umdlavuza ungakhula uphume emigudwini yobisi bese usakazekela kwezinye izicubu ebeleni. Ngakho-ke, uma kutholakala ukuthi une-DCIS, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemva kokwelashwa nge-DCIS, usengozini yokuthola ezinye izimo zempilo njengoba ukhula. Isibonelo:

• I-Osteoporosis (ukuncipha kwamathambo)
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme
• Isifo senhliziyo

Ukuze unciphise ingozi yalezi zinkinga, kuwukuhlakanipha ukubuza udokotela wakho ukuthi kufanele uye kangaki ukuze uhlolwe futhi ulandelelwe.

Itholakala kanjani i-DCIS?

Odokotela bathola amacala e-DCIS angaphezu kuka-90% ngokusebenzisa ama-mammogram . Okusho ukuthi, i-X-ray yamabele akho. Uma imiphumela ye-mammogram yakho ikhombisa noma yini esolisayo, njenge-calcium deposits encane (microcalcifications), bazokwenza i-biopsy ukuqinisekisa.

• I-Mammogram: Ngaphezu kokuhlolwa kwebele okuvamile (ukuhlolwa kwe-mammogram), udokotela wakho angase akucele i-mammogram ekhethekile (i-diagnostic mammogram). Lokhu kungathatha izithombe ezinemininingwane eminingi zezicubu zebele lakho ngezindlela ezahlukene. Lokhu kuthatha isikhathi eside kune-mammogram evamile.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwesifuba: Odokotela benza lokhu kuhlolwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awekho amangqamuzana omdlavuza ebeleni lakho. Kulokhu kuhlolwa, kuthathwa ingxenye encane yezicubu bese ihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope.

Ingabe kukhona amazinga e-DCIS?

Yebo, odokotela bahlukanisa i-DCIS ngamagreyidi amathathu. Lawa magreyidi anqunywa ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza abukeka engajwayelekile kangakanani ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu nokuthi kungenzeka akhule ngokushesha kangakanani.

• Izinga eliphansi (ukukhula kancane): Amaseli omdlavuza abukeka kakhulu njengamaseli ebele aphilile. Akhula kancane.
• Izinga Eliphakathi (okukhula ngokushesha): Amaseli angajwayelekile abukeka njengamaseli ebele anempilo, kodwa ahlukile kancane kunamaseli aphansi.
• Izinga Eliphezulu (likhula ngokushesha nangokungalawuleki): Amaseli omdlavuza abukeka ehluke ngokuphelele kumaseli ebele anempilo. Lawa akhula ngokushesha futhi cishe angaba umdlavuza onamandla.

Yiziphi izigaba ze-DCIS?

I-DCIS ingumdlavuza webele wesigaba 0. Ingelapheka kakhulu futhi iyelapheka. Odokotela bahlukanisa umdlavuza kusukela esigabeni 0 kuya ku-IV (4). Isigaba 0 sisho ukuthi umdlavuza usesendaweni efanayo lapho waqala khona futhi awukasabalali. Nakuba i-DCIS ihlala iyisigaba 0, isimila singaba yinoma yisiphi isayizi futhi singabandakanya imigudu yobisi eminingi ngaphakathi kwebele.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-DCIS?

Nakuba i-DCIS ingeyona umdlavuza ongathi sína, kubalulekile ukuthola ukwelashwa . Noma ukuqapha isimo sakho njalo ngudokotela. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ezinye izinhlobo ze-DCIS, ikakhulukazi ezisezingeni eliphezulu, zingaba yingozi uma zingelashwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umdlavuza ungasakazeka ngale kwemisele yakho yobisi uye ezicutshini zebele ezizungezile.

Izindlela zokwelapha ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ze-DCIS yilezi:

• Ukuhlinzwa Kokulondoloza Amabele (BCS) noma Ukususwa Kwezicubu Zebele: Lokhu kuhilela ukususa indawo yamangqamuzana omdlavuza kuphela, kanye nenani elincane lezicubu zebele ezinempilo ezizungeze umdlavuza. Lokhu kususa inani elincane lezicubu ezinempilo (umkhawulo) ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awekho amangqamuzana angavamile asele. Udokotela wakho uzoshiya iningi lebele lakho liphelele.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe: Lokhu kwelashwa kuvame ukunikezwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwe-BCS. Kusetshenziselwa ukubulala noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele nokunciphisa ingozi yokubuya komdlavuza. Abanye abantu badinga lokhu kwelashwa izinsuku ezimbalwa, abanye amasonto ambalwa. Udokotela wakho uzokhuluma nawe ngohlelo lwakho lokwelashwa lomuntu ngamunye.
• Ukususwa kwebele: Lokhu kuhilela ukususa lonke ibele elithintekile, noma ngezinye izikhathi womabili amabele (ukususwa kwebele kabili). Uma ungafaneleki i-BCS (isibonelo, uma i-DCIS isisakazekele kulo lonke ibele, isimila sikhulu kakhulu, noma ungafuni ukwelashwa ngemisebe), kungadingeka ukuthi ususwe ibele lonke.

Uma uke wahlinzwa i-mastectomy, ungase uthande ukucabangela ukwakhiwa kabusha kwebele . Lokhu ukuhlinzwa ukuze kulungiswe kabusha amabele akho. Lokhu kungenziwa ngesikhathi esifanayo noma ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwakho kwe-mastectomy. Uma une-BCS, ukwakhiwa kabusha kwebele ngokuvamile akudingeki. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngendlela ofuna amabele akho anakekele ngayo ukwelashwa.

Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwe-DCIS?

Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, udokotela wakho angase akunikeze imithi yokuvimbela i-DCIS ukuthi ingaphinde ivele, ikakhulukazi uma i-DCIS yakho izwa ama-hormone (ER-positive). Imithi evame kakhulu yile:

• I-Tamoxifen (i-Tamoxifen - i-Nolvadex®)
• I-Aromatase inhibitors ( isb. i-anastrozole, i-letrozole)

Lokhu kwelashwa kubizwa ngokuthi ukwelashwa ngama-hormone . Le mithi isebenza ngokuvimba i-hormone estrogen ekusizeni amangqamuzana omdlavuza ukuba akhule. Isikhathi sokwelashwa sisonke sivame ukuthatha iminyaka emihlanu.

Ingabe i-DCIS ingavinjelwa?

Izinto eziningi eziyingozi ze-DCIS (isib. umlando womndeni, izakhi zofuzo) akuyona into esingayilawula noma siyivimbele. Kodwa-ke, uma itholakala kusenesikhathi , i-DCIS ingase yelapheke kakhulu. Yingakho ama-mammogram ebaluleke kangaka.

• Iningi labesifazane kufanele liqale ukuthola ama-mammogram njalo ngonyaka (noma njalo eminyakeni emibili, kuye ngeseluleko sikadokotela) ngemva kokuba sebefinyelele eminyakeni engu-40 .
• Uma usengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza webele (isibonelo, uma othile emndenini wakho enawo), udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuthi uqale ukuhlolwa kusenesikhathi.

Kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngokuthi kufanele wenze i-mammogram kangaki ngokusekelwe ezintweni eziyingozi obhekene nazo.

Iyini isikhathi sokuphila nge-DCIS?

Lezi yizindaba ezinhle kakhulu! Amanani okusinda kwabantu abane-DCIS aphezulu kakhulu . Ngokusho kwe-American Cancer Society, cishe wonke umuntu one-DCIS (futhi othola ukwelashwa) angelapheka . Lokho kusho ukuthi izinga lokusinda kweminyaka eyi-10 licishe libe ngu-98-99%.

Imiphumela ngemva kokwelashwa ivame ukuba mihle kakhulu. I-DCIS ayiphindaphindi. Ngisho noma iphinda ivele (ebeleni elifanayo noma kwelinye ibele, mhlawumbe njengomdlavuza oyingozi), ivame ukwelashwa futhi yelapheke. Ngakho-ke, i-DCIS ayisongeli impilo, uma iphathwa kahle.

Kufanele ngizinakekele kanjani?

Nge-DCIS, kuzodingeka uqhubeke uqashwe udokotela ngemva kokwelashwa.

• Ngokuvamile kuzodingeka ubone udokotela ukuze ahlolwe ngokomzimba njalo ezinyangeni ezingu-6 kuya kwezingu-12 , okungenani iminyaka emihlanu, bese kuba kanye ngonyaka.
• Futhi, cishe kuzodingeka wenze i-mammogram njalo ngonyaka.
• Uma uthatha ukwelashwa ngama-hormone, kufanele ukuthathe njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekutshelile.

Kodwa-ke, isimo somuntu wonke sihlukile. Sebenzisana nodokotela wakho ukuze unqume uhlelo lwakho lokunakekelwa ngemva kokwelashwa. Kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokucophelela.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Ungaphuthelwa ukuhlolwa kwakho kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-mammogram njengoba kunqunywe udokotela wakho. Okwamanje, nakekela amabele akho.

• Uma ubona iqhubu elisha ebeleni lakho.
• Uma ubona izinguquko esikhumbeni samabele akho (ukubomvu, ukufiphala, ukushwabana, noma ukubukeka kwesikhumba esiphuzi).
• Uma ubona ushintsho engonweni yakho (ukubhoboka, ukubomvu, ukuqhekeka kwesikhumba, ukuphuma koketshezi).
• Uma unezinhlungu ezingapheli ebeleni lakho noma ekhwapheni.

Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ezingaba yizimpawu zomdlavuza webele , ungesabi noma ulibale, kodwa bona udokotela ngokushesha.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho?

Uma uthola ukuthi une-DCIS, kuvamile ukuba nemibuzo eminingi. Buza udokotela wakho ngayo yonke. Nazi ezinye izibonelo:

• Nginaliphi izinga le-DCIS?
• Hlobo luni lokwelashwa engiludingayo? Ukuhlinzwa? Ukwelashwa ngemisebe? Ukwelashwa ngama-hormone?
• Iyini imiphumela emibi yalezi zindlela zokwelapha?
• Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukwelashwa?
• Ngizokwazi yini ukusebenza ngenkathi ngithola ukwelashwa?
• Liyini ithuba lokuthi i-DCIS izophinde ivele?
• Kukangaki ngidinga ukuza ukuzolandelelwa?
• Kukangaki ngidinga ukwenza i-mammogram?
• Ingabe umndeni wami usengozini? Kufanele benzeni?

Ukuthola ukuthi unomdlavuza kuyisenzakalo esishintsha impilo. Kungokwemvelo ukuzizwa wesaba futhi ukhathazekile ngoba awazi ukuthi yini ongayilindela. Udokotela wakho ulapha ukuzokusiza. I-DCIS uhlobo lomdlavuza olunamathuba amaningi okwelashwa . Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthi wakhe uhlelo lokwelashwa oluqondene nawe olufanele wena.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngakho-ke nazi ezinye izinto okudingeka uzikhumbule nge-'DCIS' (i-Ductal Carcinoma in Situ) esikhulume ngazo:

• I-DCIS iyisifo somdlavuza esisesigabeni sokuqala (iSigaba 0) esihlala emigudwini yobisi lwebele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi asikasabalali ngaphandle kwebele.
• Esikhathini esiningi, ayibonisi zimpawu ezithile . Ivame ukutholakala nge-mammogram .
• Ngenxa yokuthi i-DCIS inamandla okuba umdlavuza ohlaselayo, kubalulekile ukuyithola nokuyilapha kusenesikhathi .
• Ukwelashwa kuvame ukuba ukuhlinzwa (ukususwa kwe-lumpectomy noma i-mastectomy) . Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kanye nokwelashwa ngama-hormone nakho kunganikezwa.
• I-DCIS iyisifo eselapheka kakhulu . Ngakho-ke ungesabi futhi ubhekane nokwelashwa ngesibindi.
• Qiniseka ukuthi uyahlolwa futhi wenza ama-mammogram ngezikhathi ezihleliwe njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wakho .

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi awuwedwa. Udokotela wakho, umndeni wakho, nabangani bakho bonke banawe. Khuluma nodokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ongase ube nakho ngalokhu. Ukunakekela impilo yakho kuyisizo esikhulu ongakwenza.

I- DCIS, i-Ductal Carcinoma in Situ, Umdlavuza Webele, Umdlavuza We-Milk Ductal, i-Mammogram, i-Biopsy, i-Lumpectomy, i-Mastectomy, Impilo Yebele