UkuxhumanaJulayi 16, 2026🔄 Updated: Jul 16, 2026⏱ 8 min

Ingabe nawe uyadideka uma ukhuluma? Isizathu salokhu singashiywa;"> I-Dysarthria!

Creator: Dr. Priya Sammani
Published: 2026-07-16T13:39:28.000Z

Dr. Priya Sammani, MBBS, PG Dip. FMMedical Verification

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uyadideka uma ukhuluma? Noma ingabe ukuthola kunzima ukusho lokho ofuna ukukusho ngokucacile? Mhlawumbe izwi lakho liyashintsha, lizwakale sengathi liyangithinta, noma lizwakale sengathi ukhuluma kancane kwabanye? Uma uke wabhekana nalezi zinto, imbangela ingaba yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-dysarthria. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngamagama alula nanemininingwane.

kwesobunxele;"> Kuyini i-Dysarthria? Masiqonde kalula!
Kalula nje, i-Dysarthria

iyinkinga yokukhuluma ethinta ikhono lethu lokukhuluma, okungukuthi, ubuthakathaka ekulawuleni imisipha edingekayo ukuze sikhulume. Cabanga ngakho, lapho sikhuluma, ulimi lwethu, izindebe, umhlathi, kanye nezintambo zezwi emphinjeni (`(Larynx)`), konke lokhu kufanele kusebenze ndawonye, akunjalo? kwesobunxele;"> Umuntu one-dysarthria akakwazi ukulawula le misipha kahle. Lokhu kubangelwa ukulimala kwesimiso sethu sezinzwa (`(uhlelo lwezinzwa)`).
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi umuntu one-dysarthria uyaqonda ulimi. Uyazi ukuthi athini nokuthi akusho kanjani. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobuthakathaka bemisipha, kunzima ukuphimisela amagama ngokucacile nokukhuluma ngendlela abanye abangayiqonda. Kufana nokuthi uma ufuna ukucula ingoma kahle kakhulu, kodwa umphimbo wakho awuphilile, ngeke ukwazi ukucula kahle.

I-Dysarthria ingaba ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko:

1. I-Developmental dysarthria: Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokulimala kobuchopho ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ngesikhathi sokuzalwa. Isibonelo, lesi simo singase senzeke ezinganeni ezine- cerebral palsy . Sivame ukuthinta izingane ezincane.

2. I-Acquired dysarthria: Lokhu kubangelwa ukulimala kobuchopho kamuva ekuphileni. Isibonelo, izimo ezifana nesifo sohlangothi , isimila sobuchopho, noma isifo sikaParkinson zingabangela i-dysarthria. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu kubantu abadala.
Yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-dysarthria? I-Dysarthria
ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana kuye ngokuthi iyiphi ingxenye yesimiso sethu sezinzwa eyonakele. Uma sikhuluma ngesimiso sethu sezinzwa, sihlanganisa izingxenye eziyinhloko njengobuchopho nomgogodla (i-Central Nervous System) kanye nenethiwekhi yezinzwa ezisakazeka emzimbeni wonke (i-Peripheral Nervous System).

Nazi ezinye zezinhlobo eziyinhloko:

I-Flaccid dysarthria: Lokhu kubangelwa ukulimala kwama-neuron aphansi, ayingxenye yesimiso sethu sezinzwa esingaphandle. Kulolu hlobo, ukukhuluma kungase kuzwakale sengathi uphefumula kakhulu, njengokungathi ukhuluma ngekhala lakho (umsindo wekhala). Izwi lakho lingase lizizwe libuthakathaka.

I-Spastic dysarthria:
Lokhu kubangelwa ukulimala kwama-neurons aphezulu obuchopho, okuyizingxenye zesimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ungase uzwe inkulumo engacacile, izwi elibukhali nelinamandla, kanye nezwi elicindezelekile uma ukhuluma. Ungase uthole nokuthi uzama ukusho amagama.

I-Ataxic dysarthria: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-cerebellum, ingxenye yobuchopho bethu eqondisa ukunyakaza, yonakele. Lokhu kungenza kube nzima ukuphimisa onkamisa noonobumba. Kungenza futhi kube nzima ukugcizelela amaphuzu lapho amagama kufanele agcizelelwe khona. Abanye abantu bathi nesigqi senkulumo yabo siyashintsha futhi bakhulume njengomuntu odakiwe.

I-Hypokinetic kwesobunxele;"> I-Dysarthria: Lokhu kubangelwa ukulimala kwe-basal ganglia , ingxenye yobuchopho esiza ukulawula ukunyakaza kwemisipha. Kulesi simo, inkulumo ingase izwakale ihamba kancane kakhulu ("hypo" isho ukuthi ihamba kancane), ithoni eyodwa, futhi iqine. Kuzwakala njengerobhothi ekhulumayo. Lolu hlobo luvame kakhulu kubantu abanesifo sikaParkinson.

I-Hyperkinetic dysarthria: Lokhu kubangelwa nawumonakalo we-basal ganglia. Kodwa-ke, kulokhu, inkulumo ishesha kakhulu ("hyper" isho okuningi kakhulu), ngezinye izikhathi ngokungalawuleki, futhi amagama angaphuma wonke ngesikhathi esisodwa. Iphimbo lezwi lingase lingabikezeleki.

I-dysarthria exubile: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Kulokhu, izinhlobo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu kwezingenhla zingase zibe khona ndawonye. kwesobunxele;"> Ivame kangakanani i-dysarthria?
I-Dysarthria ivame kakhulu kubantu abanezifo ezithile zezinzwa. Isibonelo:

I-ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - ALS) ithinta cishe abantu abangu-30%.

I-Multiple Sclerosis (MS) ithinta abantu abangu-25% kuya ku-50% ngesikhathi esithile empilweni yabo.

Isifo sikaParkinson sithinta inani elikhulu kakhulu labantu.

I-stroke ithinta abantu abangu-8% kuya ku-60%.

Ukulimala Kobuchopho Okubuhlungu kuthinta abantu abangu-10% kuya ku-65%.

Lezi zibalo zibonisa ukuthi nakuba leli igama elisha, lingathinta abantu abaningi.
left;"> Dysarthria Ziyini izimpawu ze-dysarthria?
Uphawu oluyinhloko ukuthi kunzima kwabanye ukuqonda okushoyo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi awukwazi ukulawula izindebe zakho, ulimi, kanye nomhlathi wakho kahle ukuze ukhulume ngokucacile.

Ezinye izimpawu zingafaka:

Ukugwinya amagama akho noma ukuzizwa sengathi uyagwinya .

Ukukhuluma ngokushesha noma kancane kunalokho ocabanga

.
Ukukhuluma ngezwi eliphezulu noma ngobumnene (ivolumu yezwi).

Izwi lizwakala lihoshozela, liqinile, liminyanisiwe, likhipha umoya ngokweqile, likhala, liyirobhothi, noma lizwakala lifana nezwi .

Ukukhuluma ngemisho emifushane, ephukile enokumiswa okuvamile, esikhundleni semisho egcwele.

Lokhu buthakathaka ekulawuleni imisipha ngezinye izikhathi kungabangela ubunzima bokugwinya (i-dysphagia) . Lokhu futhi kuyinto okufanele uyiqaphele kakhulu.

kwesobunxele;"> Yini ebangela i-dysarthria?
Njengoba sesixoxile ngaphambili, kwesobunxele;"> i-dysarthria yenzeka lapho kwenzeka umonakalo ezingxenyeni zesimiso sezinzwa ezilawula imisipha esisisiza ukukhuluma. Lokhu kufaka phakathi imisipha ebusweni nasemphinjeni wethu, kanye nemisipha esisisiza ukuphefumula. Ukulimala, izifo, kanye nezimo ze-neuromuscular kungabangela lokhu.

Ezinye zezimbangela ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

i-ALS. (i-ALS noma isifo sikaLou Gehrig)

Amathumba obuchopho

I-Cerebral Palsy

I-Dementia (izimo zokulahlekelwa inkumbulo)

Isifo sikaHuntington Isifo se-Lyme (isifo esithwalwa yizimpukane

)

I-Multiple sclerosis (MS)

I-Muscular dystrophy

I-Myasthenia gravis (isifo sobuthakathaka bemisipha)

Isifo sikaParkinson

I-Stroke

I-Traumatic Brain Injury Injury Injury

ebusweni noma emlonyeni wakho.

Injury ekhanda lakho, entanyeni, olimini, noma ezintanjeni zezwi.

Ngezinye izikhathi, eminye imithi (isib., imithi yokudambisa, imithi yokuvimbela ukuquleka) ingabangela izimpawu ezifana ne-dysarthria njengomphumela ongemuhle.
Yiziphi izinkinga ze-dysarthria?
Ubunzima bokukhuluma bungabangela izinkinga ezahlukahlukene emphakathini. Uma unenkinga yokuqonda okushiwo abanye, kungathinta umsebenzi wakho, umsebenzi wesikole, kanye nobudlelwano bomuntu siqu. Ukucindezeleka okubangelwa yilokhu kungaholela ezinkingeni zempilo yengqondo, njengokucindezeleka .

Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthola ukwelashwa okuzokusiza ukuthi ukhulume futhi ugcine ubudlelwano obunenjongo onabo nabanye.
Itholakala kanjani i-dysarthria?
Udokotela wakho uzobuza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha futhi enze ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP)
Uzohlolwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi i-dysarthria yakho ingakanani. Uzohlola ukuphefumula kwakho, ikhwalithi yezwi lakho, kanye nekhono lakho lokuhambisa izindebe zakho, ulimi, kanye nemisipha yobuso.
Angase akucele ukuthi wenze izinto ezinjengalezi:

Khipha ulimi lwakho.

Mamatheka, ucindezela izindebe zakho, ukhotha izindebe zakho.

Bala kusukela kokunye kuya kweshumi, noma usho izinhlamvu zamagama.

Funda isigaba.

Phinda imisindo, amagama, kanye nemisho, bese uhlanganyela engxoxweni evamile.

Yiziphi ezinye izivivinyo ezingadingeka ukuze kutholakale i-dysarthria?

Ezinye izivivinyo zingafaka:

Ukuskena kwe-MRI noma kwe-CT kobuchopho bakho, ikhanda, kanye nentamo - lokhu kubheka ukukhubazeka okungathinta ikhono lakho lokukhuluma.

Ukuhlolwa kwe -EEG (Electroencephalogram) - ukubheka ukukhubazeka emsebenzini wobuchopho ohlotshaniswa ne-dysarthria.

Ukuhlolwa kwe -EMG (Electromyography) - ukuhlola umsebenzi kagesi wemisipha yakho kanye nemizwa.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi noma komchamo - ukuhlola noma yikuphi ukutheleleka noma ukuvuvukala okubangela izinkinga zokukhuluma.

Umpompi womgogodla (ukubhoboza i-lumbar) - ukuhlola noma yikuphi ukutheleleka noma isimila esibangela i-dysphagia.

Ngezinye izikhathi i-dysphagia ihambisana nobunzima bokugwinya (i-dysphagia), ngakho udokotela wakho angase futhi ayale isifundo sokugwinya se-barium esiguquliwe noma isifundo sokugwinya se-videofluoroscopic (VFSS) .
left;"> Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-dysarthria?
Abantu abane-dysarthria bangazuza kakhulu ekwelashweni kwenkulumo ukuze bathuthukise amakhono abo okuxhumana. Isazi sezifo zokukhuluma nolimi (i-SLP) singakhuluma nomndeni wakho futhi sibafundise indlela yokuxhumana kangcono nawe.

Ngesikhathi seseshini yokwelapha ukukhuluma, ungase ufunde izinto ezinjengalezi:

Ukuzivocavoca ukuqinisa imisipha olimini lwakho, ezindebeni, nasemhlathini.

Amasu okukhuluma kakhulu (isb., ukuphefumula ngokujulile ngaphambi kokukhuluma).

Amasu okukhuluma ngokucacile (isb., ukwehlisa ijubane lenkulumo yakho, ukusebenzisa imisipha ethile ukuphimisa imisindo namagama).

Amasu okuxhumana angewona amazwi (isb., ukushukuma, ukubhala).

Uma i-dysarthria yakho yesobunxele"> inzima, ungase udinge idivayisi yokuxhumana nabanye. Lokhu kungafaka ibhodi elinezinhlamvu noma izithombe, noma ikhompyutha ekhethekile enekhibhodi kanye nesikrini esibonisa imiyalezo.
left;"> Ingabe i-dysarthria ingavinjelwa?
Akuzona zonke izimbangela ze-dysarthria ezingavinjelwa. Kodwa-ke, ungathatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa ingozi yakho yezimbangela ezithile (isb. ukulimala, isifo sohlangothi). Isibonelo, ukudla ukudla okunempilo kunganciphisa ingozi yakho yezimo ezandisa ingozi yakho yesifo sohlangothi, njengomfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela, kanye nesifo semithambo yegazi.
kwesobunxele;"> Ingabe i-dysarthria ingelapheka ngokuphelele?
Kuye ngokuthi yini ebangela i-dysarthria yakho yesobunxele;">. Uma ibangelwa umphumela omubi womuthi, lesi simo sivame ukuphela lapho umuthi uyekwa. Kodwa-ke, i-dysarthria ebangelwa yisimo sesikhathi eside se-neuromuscular (`(isimo se-neuromuscular esingamahlalakhona)`), ukukhubazeka, noma ukulimala kungase kungabi yinto elungisekayo. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa kokukhuluma kungathuthukisa amakhono akho okuxhumana.

Ukwelashwa kokukhuluma kukusiza ukuthi usebenzise imisipha yakho yokukhuluma ngempumelelo futhi kukufundisa izindlela zokuxhumana ngaphandle kwamagama.
left;"> Yiziphi ezinye izeluleko zokukhuluma njengomuntu one-dysarthria?
Uma usushiyile;"> i-dysarthria, lawa macebiso angakusiza:

Sho isihloko kuqala. Nikeza izethameli umbono walokho ozokusho kuqala. Isibonelo, ngaphambi kokukhuluma ngefilimu ofuna ukuyibuka, qala ngokuthi "ifilimu."

Khuluma kancane nangethoni efanele. Ukuphimisela amagama ngokucacile nangokucothayo kusiza umlaleli ukuthi aqonde. Ukukhuluma ngemisho emifushane ngokuphumula njalo kunikeza umlaleli isikhathi sokuqonda lokho okushoyo.

Gwema ukukhuluma lapho ukhathele. "left;"> Abantu abaningi abane-dysarthria bakuthola kunzima ukukhuluma uma bekhathele.

Qiniseka ukuthi abantu abalalele bayaqonda okushoyo. Kungumqondo omuhle ukubuza abantu abalalele phakathi. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukugwema ukuphinda lokho okushilo.

Sebenzisa izindlela zokuxhumana ezingezona ezezwi uma kudingeka. Uma ukukhuluma kukhathaza kakhulu, tshela umuntu okhuluma naye, kubhale phansi, kukudwebe, noma ukuhlehlisa ingxoxo.

Yimaphi amathiphu abanye abangawasebenzisa lapho bekhuluma nami?

Isazi sezifo zokukhuluma nolimi (SLP) singancoma amathiphu okusiza abanye baxhumane nawe. Isibonelo, othandekayo wakho angenza okulandelayo:

Nciphisa ukuphazamiseka/imisindo (isb., vala umsakazo, i-TV).

Lalela ngokucophelela ngenkathi ukhuluma.

Khuluma nawe endaweni ethule, ekhanyayo kahle .

Kukusiza ukuthi ukhulume
Buza imibuzo engaphendulwa ngokuthi “yebo” noma “cha”.
Uma bengakuqondi okushoyo , batshele .
Uma ukuthola kunzima ukukhuluma , bhala noma ubonise okuthile okuzokukhuthaza .
Phinda uxoxe ngengxenye abayiqondile , khona-ke ngeke kudingeke uqale kusukela ekuqaleni.
kwesobunxele;"> Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela wami nge-dysarthria?
Uma unenkinga yokukhuluma, bona udokotela wakho. Uma uphelelwa umoya, ukhwehlela njalo, noma unesifo se-pneumonia, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Kufanele ngiye nini egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo (ETU) ?

Ezinye zezimbangela ze-dysarthria, njenge-stroke, zidinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo. Uma othile ekhombisa izimpawu zokukhubazeka, myise ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha.

Izimpawu zokukhubazeka zifaka:

Ubuthakathaka noma ukugoba ohlangothini olulodwa lobuso.

Ukungakwazi ukuphakamisa zombili izingalo .

Ukudideka nokungahlaliseki .

Ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi .

Inkulumo engacacile/ukungingiza .
kwesobunxele;"> Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami uma ngine-dysarthria?
Ungabuza imibuzo efana nale:

Yini ebangela i-dysarthria yami yesobunxele;"> i-dysarthria?

Yimiphi imithi yokwelapha etholakalayo?

Ngingathuthukisa kanjani amakhono ami okukhuluma?

Yimiphi imiphumela engingayilindela ekwelashweni kwenkulumo?

Ingabe ngidinga ukusebenzisa idivayisi yokuxhumana?
kwesobunxele;"> Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-dysarthria ne-aphasia/dysphasia?
I-Aphasia yisimo esenza kube nzima ukuqonda okushiwo abanye noma ukuchaza imicabango yakho. Akuyona inkinga ngemisipha yokukhuluma njenge-dysarthria. Ku-aphasia, izikhungo zolimi zobuchopho ziyathinteka.
left;"> Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-dysarthria ne-apraxia?
I-Apraxia uhlobo oluhlukile lokuphazamiseka kokukhuluma kwemisipha. Abantu abane-apraxia banomsebenzi ojwayelekile wemisipha, kodwa banobunzima bokwenza ukunyakaza okuzithandela okufana nokukhuluma. Okusho ukuthi, umlayezo ovela ebuchosheni oya emisipheni ubatshela ukuthi "hamba ngale ndlela naleyo" awuhambi kahle. Inkinga imayelana nokuhlela indlela yokubiza amagama.
left;"> Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-dysarthria ne-dysphagia?
Njenge-dysarthria, i-dysphagia ihilela nezinkinga zokulawula imisipha. Kodwa left;"> I-Dysarthria iyinkinga yokukhuluma, kanti i-dysphagia iyinkinga yokugwinya ukudla . Ngezinye izikhathi i-dysphagia ishiywa;">
I-Dysarthria ingaba uphawu futhi.
Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)
Uma unenkinga yokuxhumana nabanye ngenxa ye-dysarthria, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho. Udokotela wakho angakudlulisela ekwelashweni kwenkulumo. Izazi zezifo zokukhuluma nezolimi (ama-SLP) zingafundisa abangani bakho nomndeni wakho indlela yokuxhumana nawe ngempumelelo. Khumbula, noma ngabe ubuthakathaka bemisipha yakho bukwenza kube nzima ukukhuluma, ngokwelashwa okufanele nokusekelwa, ungalondoloza ubudlelwano bakho obubalulekile. Ungesabi, thola usizo.
` kwesobunxele;"> I-Dysarthria, ubunzima bokukhuluma, ukuphazamiseka kwenkulumo, isimiso sezinzwa, ukulimala kobuchopho, ukwelashwa kokukhuluma, ukungingiza, inkulumo engacacile

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Yiziphi ezinye izivivinyo ezingadingeka ukuze kutholakale i-dysarthria?

Ezinye izivivinyo zingafaka:

⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

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UkuxhumanaJulayi 16, 2026