Uma ujuluka, ukhathele kakhulu, noma uphethwe yisisu, cishe uke wezwa abantu abadala bethi, "Uphelelwe amanzi emzimbeni, phuza i-orange." Noma mhlawumbe uzizwa ukhathele, ukhathele, noma udidekile. Eziningi zalezi zinto zingabangelwa ukungalingani kwama-electrolyte emizimbeni yethu. Ngakho-ke ayini lawa ma-electrolyte? Kungani ebaluleke kangaka emizimbeni yethu? Ake sixoxe ngawo ngokuningiliziwe futhi namuhla.
Ngakho-ke, ayini ngempela ama-Electrolyte?
Kalula nje, ama-electrolyte yizinto ezingakha ishaja encane kagesi uma incibilikiswa emanzini. Cabanga ngakho njengebhethri. Lawa usawoti wamaminerali ongathatha ishaja enhle (+) noma embi (-).
Bheka manje, umzimba womuntu omdala ungamanzi angu-60% . Lokho kusho ukuthi yonke iseli emzimbeni wethu, yonke i-fluid, iqukethe lawa ma-electrolyte. Ngaphandle kwawo, besingeke sikwazi ukwenza izinto eziningi, njengokulawula izinqubo zamakhemikhali emzimbeni wethu, ukulinganisela inani loketshezi ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwamaseli ethu, ukwenza imisipha yethu isebenze, nokudlulisa imiyalezo yezinzwa.
Sithola la ma-electrolyte ekudleni esikudlayo nesikuphuzayo. Isibonelo, amawolintshi, ubhanana, nosawoti kuqukethe okuningi kwawo. Izinso zethu zisebenza njengesihlungi somzimba wethu. Uma umzimba unama-electrolyte amaningi kunalawo owadingayo, izinso zikhipha okungaphezulu komchamo. Ama-electrolyte nawo ayalahleka emizimbeni yethu uma sijuluka.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuba nebhalansi efanele yalawa ma-electrolyte emzimbeni. Uma eningi kakhulu angabangela izinkinga, kanti uma eningi kakhulu angabangela izinkinga.
Ake siqonde amanye amagama esivame ukuwazwa.
Ungase uhlangane nala magama uma ukhuluma nodokotela noma ufunda umbiko. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi incazelo yawo elula.
| Igama | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| I-Hyper- (i-hyper) | Leli gama lisetshenziswa ukusho ukuthi into "iningi kakhulu" . Isibonelo: I-Hypernatremia (i-sodium ekhuphukile). |
| I-Hypo- (i-hypo) | Leli gama lisetshenziselwa ukuchaza "ukuntuleka" kokuthile. Isibonelo: I-Hypokalemia (i-potassium ephansi). |
| I-Ion | I-molecule enokushaja kagesi. |
| inani le-pH | Isilinganiso sokuthi uketshezi lune-asidi noma i-alkaline/isisekelo. I-pH evamile yegazi lethu kufanele ibe phakathi kuka-7.36 no-7.44. |
Ama-electrolyte ayinhloko emzimbeni wethu kanye nemisebenzi yawo
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-electrolyte emzimbeni wethu. Ngayinye yazo inomsebenzi wayo othize. Ake sibheke eziyinhloko, ukuthi kwenzekani uma zanda, nokuthi kwenzekani uma zehla, kuleli thebula.
| I-electrolyte | Izimpawu ezenzekayo uma kukhona ukwanda (i-Hyper-) | Izimpawu zokuntuleka (Hypo-) |
|---|---|---|
| I-Sodium (i-Sodium / i-Na+) - Ibalulekile ekulinganiseni uketshezi emaseli kanye nokumuncwa kwezakhamzimba. | ||
| I-Hypernatremia | Ukudideka, izinguquko zokuziphatha, ukulahlekelwa ukulawula imisipha, ukuxhuzula, ukuquleka. | Ukudideka, ukucasuka, isicanucanu nokuhlanza, ukuxhuzula, i-coma. |
| I-Potassium (i-Potassium / K+) - Ibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwenhliziyo kanye nohlelo lwezinzwa. | ||
| I-Hyperkalemia | Ukuphelelwa yimpilo, ukungakwazi ukunyakaza kwemisipha, kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (ama-arrhythmia). | Ubuhlungu bemisipha kanye nobuthakathaka, ukoma ngokweqile kanye nokuchama njalo, ukuquleka, kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile. |
| I-Calcium (i-Calcium / i-Ca2+) - Ayibalulekile nje kuphela emathanjeni namazinyo, kodwa futhi nasemisipheni, ezinzwa, kanye nasenhliziyweni. | ||
| I-Hypercalcemia | Ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukukhathala okukhulu, amatshe ezinso, ubuhlungu besisu, ukuqunjelwa, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile. | Ukudideka, ukuqaqamba kwemisipha, kanye nokuqina kwemisipha yomphimbo, okwenza kube nzima ukukhuluma noma ukuphefumula. |
| I-Magnesium (i-Magnesium / i-Mg2+) - Isiza ekukhiqizeni amandla, futhi isekela ukusebenza kobuchopho nemisipha. | ||
| I-Hypermagnesemia | Izinguquko ekushayeni kwenhliziyo, ubunzima bokuphefumula, ngisho nokuma kwenhliziyo kungenzeka. | Ubuthakathaka bemisipha, ukuqaqamba kwemisipha, ukungalingani kwesigqi senhliziyo. |
| I-Chloride (Cl-) - Isiza ekulawuleni ibhalansi yoketshezi lomzimba kanye ne-pH. | ||
| I-Hyperchloremia | Ukwanda kwe-asidi egazini (i-acidosis), isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukukhathala okukhulu, ukuphefumula ngokushesha. | Ukwanda kwe-alkalinity egazini (i-alkalosis), inkungu yobuchopho, ukungalingani kwesigqi senhliziyo, ukuqaqamba kwemisipha. |
| I-Phosphate (i-Phosphate / PO43−) - Isakhiwo se-DNA, sisiza amangqamuzana ukukhiqiza amandla. | ||
| I-Hyperphosphatemia | Ngokuvamile kubangela amazinga aphansi e-calcium. Kungabangela ukulunywa ngokweqile. | Ubuthakathaka bemisipha. Izimo ezimbi kakhulu, ukuphuka kwemisipha (i-rhabdomyolysis), ukuxhuzula, ubunzima bokuphefumula. |
| I-Bicarbonate (i-Bicarbonate / HCO3−) - Isiza ukulawula i-pH (i-asidi/i-alkalinity) yegazi. | ||
| I-Alkalosis (yanda) | Inkungu yobuchopho, ukudinwa, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ukuqaqamba kwemisipha. | I-Acidosis (ukuntuleka) - isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukukhathala okukhulu, ukuphefumula okusheshayo nokujulile. |
Wazi kanjani ukuthi kunenkinga ye-electrolyte?
Uma unezimpawu ezishiwo ngenhla, udokotela wakho angase asole ukungalingani kwama-electrolyte. Ukuqinisekisa lokhu, bavame ukwenza izivivinyo ezimbalwa zegazi nomchamo .
Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngalezi zinto.
- Iphaneli Eyisisekelo Ye-Metabolic (BMP): Lokhu kunganikeza umbono ophelele wama-electrolyte ayinhloko (njenge-sodium, i-potassium, i-chloride) kanye nomsebenzi wezinso.
- Iphaneli Ephelele Ye-Metabolic (CMP): Lokhu kunemininingwane eminingi kune-BMP. Kunikeza ulwazi ngezinye izinto ezifana ne-calcium kanye nama-enzyme esibindi.
- Iphaneli ye-Electrolyte: Lokhu kubheka ngqo amazinga e-electrolyte kuphela.
Uma lezi zivivinyo eziyisisekelo zibonisa noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka, udokotela wakho angase akucele ukuthi uhlolwe ngendlela ethile ukuze athole imbangela.
Ngiziqonda kanjani izindinganiso ezisembikweni?
Umbiko wokuhlola owutholayo uzofaka "ububanzi bokubhekisela" kanye nenani lakho. Uma inani lakho lingaphakathi kwalelo banga, kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile.
Kodwa khumbula, ngezinye izikhathi amanani akho angase aphume kancane ebangeni elijwayelekile, kodwa kungase kungabi yinkinga enkulu. Futhi ngezinye izikhathi, noma ngabe amanani akho angaphakathi kwebanga elijwayelekile, uma unezimpawu, kungaba yinkinga ehlukile.
Lokhu kufana nokuphotha ipuleti endukwini. Ukulinganisela kuyisihluthulelo. Imizimba yethu ihlala izama ukugcina lokhu kulinganisela. Ngakho-ke, udokotela wakho kuphela ongakunikeza incazelo engcono kakhulu yencazelo yemiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa.Ngakho khuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho.
Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?
Izimpawu zokungalingani kwama-electrolyte zivame ukubonakala zijwayelekile, njengokukhathala kanye nesiyezi. Kodwa uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela.
- Uma uzizwa ukhathele noma ubuthakathaka njalo .
- Uma ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho kuzwakala kushesha noma kungajwayelekile .
- Uma unokudideka , ukukhungatheka, noma ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo .
- Uma uzwa ubuhlungu bemisipha njalo, ukuqaqamba kwemisipha, noma ukuqaqamba .
- Uma unesicanucanu esinzima, ukuhlanza, noma uhudo .
Uma unalezi zimpawu, ungazinaki. Ukwelashwa ngesikhathi kungavimbela izinkinga ezinkulu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ama-electrolyte uhlobo lweminerali olubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwezinzwa zomzimba wethu, imisipha, inhliziyo kanye nobuchopho.
- Ukulinganisela kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Kokubili ukweqisa kanye nokuntuleka kungaholela ezifweni.
- Sithola lokhu ekudleni okulinganiselayo kanye noketshezi esiluphuzayo. Izithelo, imifino, namawolintshi kumnandi kakhulu.
- Ngezikhathi ezifana nokujuluka ngokweqile, ukuhlanza, noma isifo sohudo, inani elikhulu lama-electrolyte lingalahleka emzimbeni. Kubalulekile ukuphuza isiphuzo esifana neJeevani ngezikhathi ezinjalo.
- Uma unezimpawu ezifana nokukhathala okuqhubekayo, ubuhlungu bemisipha, noma ushintsho ekushayeni kwenhliziyo, ungakushayi indiva bese uthintana nodokotela wakho ukuze akunike iseluleko .
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