Ingabe ingxenye yobuchopho bomntwana wakho iphuma ekhanda lakhe? Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-encephalocele!

Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wabona, noma wezwa, ukuthi ezinye izingane zizalwa zinembobo encane ekhanda lazo, nengxenye yobuchopho bazo iphuma. Kujwayelekile ukuthi noma yimuphi umzali esaba uma ebona lokhu. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngalesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi i-encephalocele. Ungakhathazeki, sizoxoxa ngaso ngokuningiliziwe nangokulula.

Kuyini i-Encephalocele?

Kalula nje, i-encephalocele iyisici sokuzalwa lapho amathambo ekhanda lomntwana engavaleki kahle, okubangela ukuba izicubu zobuchopho ziphume kuwo. Lokhu kungabonakala njengebhaluni elincane eliphuma ekhanda.

Lesi simo sibangelwa ukukhubazeka kwe-neural tube . Manje ungase uzibuze ukuthi iyini le neural tube. Kulula kakhulu. Ngemva kokuba umntwana ekhulelwe esibelethweni, phakathi namasonto ambalwa okuqala, ubuchopho bomntwana kanye nomgogodla kuqala ukukhula ngendlela efana ne-tube. Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi i-neural tube. Uma ingxenye ephezulu yale neural tube ingavaleki kahle, lesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi i-encephalocele siyenzeka. Lokhu kungaba yisimo esincane ngezinye izikhathi, noma kungaba nzima ngokwanele ukuba kube yingozi empilweni.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-encephalocele?

Ama-encephalocele ahlukaniswa ngokuya ngokuthi akheka kuphi ekhanda. Atholakala kakhulu ezindaweni ezilandelayo:

• I-Occipital: Ngemuva kwekhanda lomntwana, eduze kwentamo. Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu.
• I-Parietal: Ngaphezulu kwekhanda, ngasemuva.
• I-Frontoethmoidal (ebizwa nangokuthi i-Sincipital): Ibunzi lomntwana lingakwesokudla.
• I-Sphenoidal: Itholakala ngaphakathi kwekhanda, ngemuva kwamehlo naphambi kwezindlebe. Lokhu kungase kungabonakali ngaphandle.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, odokotela bahlukanisa lokhu kube izinhlobo ezimbili, kuye ngokuthi kungaphambili noma ngemuva kwekhanda:

• Ngaphambili: Ingaphambili lekhanda lomntwana.
• Ingemuva: Ngemuva kwekhanda lomntwana.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

I-Encephalocele yisimo esingavamile kakhulu. Uma ubheka izibalo ezweni elifana neMelika, lesi simo senzeka cishe kumntwana oyedwa kwabayi-10,500 abazalwa. Lokho kusho ukuthi cishe izingane ezingu-375 ngonyaka. Nakuba kunzima ukuthola izibalo eziqondile eSri Lanka, lesi sibhekwa njengesimo esingavamile yonke indawo.

Ibukeka kanjani ingane ene-encephalocele?

Uma umntwana osanda kuzalwa ene-encephalocele, ungabona imbobo ekhanda lakhe engakavaleki ngokuphelele. Ngenxa yalokho, izicubu zobuchopho ziphuma ngembobo ekhanda njengesikhwama esimbozwe isikhumba . Kubonakala sengathi ibhaluni liphuma ekhanda. Kuye ngokuthi imbobo ikuphi, kungase kube nokukhula okufana nezinwele esikhwameni.

Le mbobo ekhanda ingavela noma kuphi ekhanda. Kodwa-ke, ivame ukubonakala ebunzini noma ngemuva kwekhanda, eduze kwentamo.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-encephalocele?

Izimpawu zalesi simo zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Ziya ngobukhulu bembobo ekhanda, indawo ekuyo, kanye nokuthi ubuchopho buphuma kangakanani. Ezinye izimpawu ezivamile zifaka:

• Ikhanda elibuhlungu (ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezindala noma uma litholakala kamuva)
• Izinkinga zokubona
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha emilenzeni
• Ikhanda lincane kunalokho obekulindelwe ngesikhathi sokuzalwa
• I-Ataxia (ukungalingani lapho uhamba noma uhamba)
• Ukukhubazeka kobuso (ikakhulukazi eduze kwebunzi)
• Ukuminyana kwamakhala (uma kukhona i-encephalocele ekhaleni)
• Ukuvuza koketshezi lomgogodla oluvela ekhaleni noma endlebeni

Ngezinye izikhathi, izimpawu zingabangelwa nokuqongelela koketshezi olufana namanzi ngaphakathi kobuchopho (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-hydrocephalus ).

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-encephalocele?

Amanye ama-encephalocele amancane angase aphele ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezinkulu. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, kungase kube nezinkinga zesikhathi eside. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Ukulibaziseka kokukhula (isb., ukulibaziseka kokukhuluma, ukuhamba)
• Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo
• Izinkinga zokubona
• Ukukhubazeka kokukhula ngokomzimba
• Ukuquleka

Ziyini izimbangela ze-encephalocele?

Ngokuvamile, i-encephalocele yisimo sokuzalwa . Okusho ukuthi, kuyinto eyenzeka ngesikhathi umntwana esesesibelethweni. Kodwa-ke, akuvamile kakhulu, ingavela kamuva ngenxa yokulimala ekhanda, isimila sobuchopho, noma ezinye izimo ezingavamile njenge- idiopathic intracranial hypertension .

I-encephalocele yokuzalwa yenzeka lapho ingxenye engaphezulu ye-neural tube, okukhulunywe ngayo ngaphambilini, ingavali kahle. Le neural tube yingxenye yezicubu lapho ubuchopho bomntwana kanye nomgogodla wakheka khona okokuqala. Ngesonto lesithathu noma lesine lokukhulelwa, iphenduka ibe yi-tube efana ne-tube futhi idinga ukuvala kahle. Uma le ngxenye engaphezulu ingavali kahle, ugebhezi ngeke lube selwakhiwe ngokugcwele. Yingakho ingxenye yobuchopho bomntwana iphuma kule mbobo.

Imbangela eqondile yokuthi ithubhu ye-neural ingavaleki kahle ayaziwa okwamanje, kodwa ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi izici ezilandelayo zingadlala indima:

• Izinguquko zofuzo (into eyenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa)
• Ezinye izifo ezitholwa ngumama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa (isib. i-Toxoplasmosis , i-Rubella , i-Cytomegalovirus), Igciwane le-Herpes Simplex (igciwane le-Herpes Simplex )
• Ezinye izifo zesimiso sezinzwa (isib. Uhlobo lwesithathu lwe-Chiari Malformation)

I-Encephalocele ingabangelwa nezinye izimo zezokwelapha. Isibonelo:

• Isifo sikaWalker-Warburg
• Isifo sikaKnobloch
• I-Roberts Syndrome
• I-Amniotic Band Syndrome

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi ze-encephalocele?

Uma othile emndenini wakho eke waba ne-neural tube defect (NTD), kungenzeka ukuthi ube nayo. Futhi, uma ungatholi i-folic acid (i-vitamin B9) eyanele ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ingozi yokuthola umntwana one-neural tube defect iphakeme.

Itholakala kanjani i-encephalocele?

Ezimweni eziningi, udokotela wakho angasibona lesi simo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound okuvamile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwakho. Uma kukhona ukungabaza, udokotela wakho angase futhi ancome ukuhlolwa kwe-MRI ngaphambi kokubeletha . Lokhu kungakunikeza ulwazi olwengeziwe ngalesi simo.

Lesi simo singaqinisekiswa uma umntwana ehlolwa ngemva kokuzalwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye nezinye izikena ukuze kuzanywe ukuthola ukuthi yini ebangela lokhu nokuthi kuyithinte kanjani ingane. Ukwelashwa kuhlelwe ngokufanele.

Ingabe i-encephalocele ingatholakali?

Yebo, ngezinye izikhathi kungenzeka. Ikakhulukazi ama-encephalocele amancane kakhulu, lawo atholakala ekhaleni noma ebunzini lomntwana, ngezinye izikhathi angatholakali. Lawa amancane ngokuvamile awabangeli izimpawu ezinkulu enganeni esanda kuzalwa, futhi awabangeli izinkinga njengoba ekhula.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-encephalocele?

Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kwalesi simo ukuhlinzwa ukuze kulungiswe ugebhezi nokususa izicubu zobuchopho ezivelelayo. Ezimweni eziningi, ingxenye yobuchopho evelelayo egebhezini ayisebenzi futhi ingasuswa. Ngezinye izikhathi, uma umgodi mncane, ubuchopho bubuyiselwa ngaphakathi kogebhezi, bese udokotela ohlinzayo elungisa ugebhezi.

Lokhu kuhlinzwa kuvame ukwenziwa zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa zokuzalwa, zingakapheli izinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala, noma zingakapheli unyaka. Kuya ngobukhulu be-encephalocele, indawo ekuyo, nokuthi ithinte kangakanani ingane.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi izingane ezinjengalezi zivame ukuhlinzwa ngaphezu kokukodwa. Uma zinokukhubazeka kobuso, kufanele zihlinzwe, futhi uma zine-hydrocephalus, kufanele zihlinzwe.

Njengoba ingane yakho ikhula, ingadinga usizo olwengeziwe. Isibonelo:

• Izinhlelo zemfundo ekhethekile esikoleni
• Uma unesifo sokuwa, thatha umuthi waso.
• Izibuko zezinkinga zokubona

Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?

Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa, kunemiphumela emibi engaba khona. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, ithimba lezokwelapha lomntwana wakho liqeqeshwe kakhulu. Bazokwenza konke okusemandleni abo ukunciphisa lezi zingozi.

Ezinye zezingozi yilezi:

• Ukutheleleka
• Ukuvuza koketshezi lomgogodla
• Ukopha

Uma imbobo ekhanda inkulu futhi ingxenye enkulu yobuchopho ihilelekile, kunengozi enkulu yezinkinga zezinzwa. Ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa, khuluma nodokotela wengane yakho ngale miphumela emibi.

Ingabe ingane ene-encephalocele ingasinda?

Yebo, izingane ezine-encephalocele zingasinda. Ukuhlinzwa kokulungisa ugebhezi kungabasiza ukuba basinde. Kodwa-ke, izingane ezinezimbobo ezinkulu zogebhezi zingase zibe nezimpawu nezinkinga eziningi kunezingane ezinezimbobo ezincane. Ngakho-ke, cishe zizoba nempilo esongelayo noma efinyeziwe.

Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi izingane ezinezimbobo ngaphambili kwezingodo zazo zinemiphumela engcono kunezingane ezinezimbobo ngemuva.

Linjani izinga lokufa?

Ngokusho kwedatha evela ezinhlanganweni ezifana ne-U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), izinga lokufa kwe-encephaloceles enkulu cishe lingama-45%. Lokho kusho ukuthi amathuba okusinda angama-55%. Le ngozi iyanda kuye ngobukhulu bembobo ekhanda, indawo yayo, kanye nempilo yomntwana iyonke ekuzalweni.

Ingabe i-encephalocele ingavinjelwa?

Ayikho indlela eqondile yokuvimbela i-encephalocele. Kodwa-ke, unganciphisa ingozi yokuba nomntwana one-neural tube defect. Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyenze ukuthola i-folic acid eyanele.

Uma uhlela ukukhulelwa, bona udokotela wakho ukuze akunike iseluleko ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe. Udokotela wakho angakutshela ukuthi uthathe ama-400 mcg (ama-microgram) e-folic acid ngosuku, noma ngabe awuhlelanga ukukhulelwa ngaleso sikhathi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amaphutha e-neural tube (ama-NTD) ayenzeka ku-trimester yokuqala yokukhulelwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uvame ukungazi nokuthi ukhulelwe. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuthatha i-folic acid kusenesikhathi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kukhona emndenini wakho oke waba nezinkinga ze-neural tube (NTDs), noma uma uke waba nengane enayo ngaphambili, tshela udokotela wakho. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuvimbela izinkinga ze-neural tube (NTDs) esikhathini esizayo.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?

Uma uhlela ukukhulelwa, ukwelulekwa ngaphambi kokukhulelwaKhuluma nodokotela ngalokhu. Bangakusiza ukuthi ugcine impilo enhle ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokuthola umntwana onesici sokuzalwa.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho?

Uma uthola ukuthi ingane yakho ine-encephalocele, kuyinto evamile ukuba nemibuzo eminingi. Ungesabi ukubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Iphi imbobo ekhanda lomntwana wami?
• Ingabe ingane yami idinga ukuhlinzwa?
• Yiziphi imiphumela emibi yokuhlinzwa?
• Kufanele ngiyinakekele kanjani ingane yami ngemva kokuhlinzwa?
• Yiziphi izinkinga okufanele ngiziqaphele?
• Ngenzenjani uma ingane yami ilahlekelwa yizigaba zokukhula ezifanele iminyaka yayo?

Ukuba nomntwana one-encephalocele kuwuhambo oluthinta imizwelo kakhulu. Ungase uzizwe ucindezelekile kakhulu futhi ungenalusizo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokwelashwa komntwana wakho. Umntwana wakho kuzodingeka ahlale esibhedlela ngenkathi elulama ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, zungezwe umndeni nabangane abangakunikeza ukwesekwa noma nini lapho ukudinga.

Abantu abaningi bathola induduzo enkulu ekukhulumeni nomeluleki wezempilo yengqondo , ikakhulukazi ngemva kokulahlekelwa ingane ngokungalindelekile. Izinkinga ezibangelwa yi-encephalocele zingathinta ingane njengoba ikhula. Ngakho-ke, bona udokotela wengane yakho njalo futhi uqaphe intuthuko yayo kanye nokululama kwayo.

Umyalezo obalulekile kuwe (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Nakuba i-encephalocele iyisimo esesabekayo, uma kutholakala kusenesikhathi futhi kwelashwa ngendlela efanele, izingane eziningi zingasinda ngempumelelo. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha i-folic acid ngaphambi kokukhulelwa bese ulandela iseluleko sikadokotela wakho. Uma unemibuzo ngalokhu, ungesabi ukukhuluma nodokotela. Khumbula, awuwedwa.

I- Encephalocele, ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa, ukukhubazeka kwe-neural tube, izifo zobuchopho, impilo yengane, impilo yokukhulelwa, i-folic acid