Kuthiwani uma igciwane lingena enhliziyweni? Ake sifunde nge-endocarditis ngamazwi alula

Inhliziyo yakho iyisitho esimangalisayo, akunjalo? Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, ngisho negciwane elincane elivela kwenye indawo emzimbeni wethu lingahamba egazini lilimaze inhliziyo uqobo. Leso yisimo esibi kakhulu, esisongela ngisho nokuphila esikhuluma ngaso namuhla, esibizwa ngokuthi i-endocarditis. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu ngendlela efanele nokuthola ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Kuyini i-Endocarditis kalula?

Kalula nje, i-endocarditis iwukutheleleka kanye nokuvuvukala kolwelwesi lwangaphakathi lwenhliziyo yakho (esilubiza ngokwezokwelapha ngokuthi i-endocardium) kanye nama-valve enhliziyo. Ngokuvamile kubangelwa igciwane , njengebhaktheriya.

Cabanga nje, igciwane elivela emlonyeni wakho, esikhumbeni, noma kwenye indawo ohlelweni lwakho lokuphefumula lingena egazini lakho. Bese, leli gciwane lihamba negazi liye enhliziyweni yakho. Inhliziyo enempilo ayitheleleki kalula. Kodwa uma kukhona umonakalo noma ubuthakathaka ema-valve enhliziyo yakho, igciwane liyahamba linamathele kulezo zindawo ezibuthakathaka, lihlume lapho, bese liqala ukwanda.

Njengoba la magciwane ekhula lapho, akha izimila ezincane, njengezinhlayiya zegazi kanye nezicubu ezinemicu. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi 'izitshalo'. Lezi 'zitshalo' zingabangela umonakalo omkhulu kumavalvu enhliziyo. Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi amavalvu angavaleki kahle, kubangele igazi livuze, noma kubangele ngisho nenhliziyo ukuthi iyeke ukusebenza ngokuphelele.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zalokhu.

I-Endocarditis ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko.

1. I-Infectious Endocarditis: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Njengoba igama lisho, lubangelwa igciwane, njengebhaktheriya noma isikhunta, elingena enhliziyweni. Odokotela ngezinye izikhathi bakubiza ngokuthi `(Bacterial Endocarditis - BE)`.

2. I-Endocarditis Engatheleleki: Lokhu akuvamile kakhulu. Lapha, 'izitshalo' enhliziyweni azibangelwa yigciwane. Sibiza lezi ngokuthi '(izitshalo ezingenamafutha )'. Lesi simo sivame ukwenzeka ezifweni ezibangela ukuba igazi lijiye kalula. Isibonelo, singabonakala ezimweni ezifana nesifo '( lupus )' kanye '(Antiphospholipid syndrome)'.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-endocarditis? Uzibona kanjani?

Izimpawu zalesi sifo ziyinkimbinkimbi kancane, njengoba zingavela ngokuzumayo, noma zingavela kancane kancane ngemva kwamasonto.

I-endocarditis ethelelekayo ingaba ngezindlela ezimbili:

• Okubukhali: Lokhu kuqala ngokuzumayo. Kungaba yingozi empilweni zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa, kube nezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane omkhulu kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo.
• I-Subacute: Lokhu kukhula kancane kancane, emavikini noma ezinyangeni.Izimpawu ezifana nomuzwa wobuthakathaka kanye nomkhuhlane omncane yizo eziqala ukubonakala.

I-endocarditis engathelelani ngokuvamile ayibangeli izimpawu. Yizimpawu zesifo esiyisisekelo (njenge-lupus) ezisibangelayo.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa lokhu?

I-Endocarditis ayisona isifo esivame kakhulu, kodwa abanye abantu basengozini enkulu yokuba naso.

• Abantu abanezivimbi zenhliziyo zokwenziwa, ama-pacemaker, noma ama-defibrillator : Lawa madivayisi anamathuba amaningi okungcoliswa ngamagciwane.
• Abantu abake baba ne-endocarditis ngaphambili: Uma uke waba nayo kanye, kunengozi yokuthi iphinde yenzeke.
• Abantu abanezinkinga ezithile zenhliziyo: ikakhulukazi isifo se-valve yenhliziyo kanye ne-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
• Abasebenzisi bemithi abane-IV: Amagciwane angangena ngqo egazini ngezinaliti zomjovo ezingcolile.
• Abantu abanokuhlanzeka komlomo namazinyo okungafanele: Amabhaktheriya emlonyeni angangena kalula egazini ngenxa yokubola kwamazinyo nesifo sezinsini.
• Abantu abanesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka: Abantu abanezifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela noma labo abathatha imithi ecindezela isimiso somzimba.
• Abantu abake bahlinzwa ivalvu yenhliziyo ngaphambilini.

Yiziphi izinkinga eziba khona uma zingelashwa?

Yini engenzeka uma ukwelashwa kwephuza:

• Ama-valve enhliziyo abhujiswa ngokuphelele, okubangela ukuba igazi livuze (i-valve yenhliziyo evuzayo)
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo
• Amathumba azungeze inhliziyo
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (i-Arrhythmia)
• Izingcezu ezincane zalezo zitshalo zingaphuka futhi zivale umthambo wegazi ebuchosheni, okubangela isifo sohlangothi.
• Ukutheleleka kusakazeka emzimbeni wonke, okubangela isimo esibulalayo esibizwa ngokuthi i-sepsis.
• Ekugcineni, ukufa kungenzeka.

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani lokhu?

Uma unezimpawu kanye nezici eziyingozi, udokotela wakho uzokwenza ukuxilongwa ngokushesha okukhulu. Lokhu kuzohilela kakhulu ukuhlolwa okuningana.

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi:
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi :Yile ndlela othola ngayo ukuthi hlobo luni lwebhaktheriya olusegazini.
• Inani eliphelele legazi: Hlola ukutheleleka.
• Ukuhlolwa kwephrotheni esabela ku-C: Kuhlola ukuvuvukala emzimbeni.

• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe zenhliziyo:
• I-Echocardiogram: Lokhu ukuskena kwenhliziyo. Kungabona ngokucacile ukuthi inhliziyo isebenza kanjani, noma yimuphi umonakalo kuma-valve, nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini 'izitshalo'.
• I-Transesophageal echocardiogram: Lolu futhi uhlobo lwe-echo. Kodwa-ke, ithubhu elincane lifakwa emphinjeni bese liskenwa eduze kwenhliziyo. Lokhu kungaveza izithombe ezicacile nakakhulu.
• Ukuskena kwe-MRI yenhliziyo: Kwezinye izimo, lokhu kuhlolwa kungadingeka futhi.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?

I-Endocarditis yisimo esidinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela kanye nokwelashwa. Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko ama-antibiotic emithanjeni (ama-antibiotic e-IV).

Lokhu kwelashwa kuzoqhubeka amasonto amaningana, ngezinye izikhathi kuze kube amasonto ayisithupha noma ayisishiyagalombili. Uma uhlobo lwebhaktheriya egazini lakho selutholakele, udokotela wakho uzokhetha i-antibiotic efanele. Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwakho, izimpawu zakho zizoqashwa njalo, futhi ukuhlolwa kwegazi lakho kuzophindwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukutheleleka sekuphelile.

Ingabe lesi simo singavinjelwa?

Nakuba kungenakwenzeka ukukuvimbela ngokuphelele, kunezinto esingazenza ukuze sinciphise ingozi. Kufanele uqaphele kakhulu ngalezi zinto uma usesigabeni esinobungozi obukhulu.

• Gcina inhlanzeko yomlomo kanye namazinyo enhle: Hlanza amazinyo akho kahle nsuku zonke. Hlanza phakathi kwamazinyo akho. Vakashela udokotela wamazinyo njalo ukuze uhlole impilo yomlomo wakho. Lena into ebaluleke kakhulu.
• Iseluleko esikhethekile kubantu abasengozini enkulu: Uma une-valve yokufakelwa, uke waba ne-endocarditis esikhathini esidlule, noma unezinye izimo zenhliziyo eziyingozi kakhulu, udokotela wakho angancoma ukuthi uthathe ama-antibiotic okuvimbela ngaphambi kwezinqubo ezithile zamazinyo (isb., ukukhishwa kwamazinyo, ukuhlinzwa kwezinsini). Lokhu kwenzelwa ukubulala amagciwane angangena egazini ngesikhathi sezinqubo zamazinyo ngaphambi kokuba afike enhliziyweni.
• Yazisa odokotela bakho:Hlala unolwazi ngodokotela womndeni wakho kanye nodokotela wamazinyo ngesimo senhliziyo yakho kanye nengozi ye-endocarditis.