Wake wabheka amehlo akho esibukweni? Uma usibheka, ubona ibala elincane elimnyama phakathi kwengxenye enombala yeso (silibiza ngokuthi i-iris). Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi umfundi . Lokhu akulona nje ibala elimnyama. Kuyingxenye emangalisayo ekhuluma ngolwazi olubalulekile mayelana nokubona kwethu, kanye nempilo yomzimba wethu. Ngakho-ke namuhla sizokhuluma ngaleli bala elimnyama ngendlela elula.
Iyini ngempela le milingo emnyama? Yenzani?
Kalula nje, imbobo emnyama esweni lakho iyindawo yokungena esweni, njengembobo ekhamera. Empeleni akuyona emnyama, kumane kuyisikhala esingenalutho esivulekela esweni.
Imisipha engxenyeni enombala yeso lakho, i-iris, ilawula ukuthi le ndandatho emnyama kufanele ibe nkulu noma incane kangakanani.
- Uma uya endaweni enelanga elinamandla, kuba nokukhanya okuningi kakhulu okungena esweni. Bese imisipha ese-iris ivuselela futhi inciphise indandatho emnyama. Lokhu kunciphisa inani lokukhanya okungena esweni.
- Uma ungena ekamelweni elimnyama, akukho ukukhanya okwanele okufinyelela emehlweni akho. Imisipha ese-iris inweba indandatho emnyama ukuze ingenise ukukhanya okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka futhi ikuvumele ukuthi ubone kahle.
Le nqubo yokwanda komfundi ngenxa yokukhanya ibizwa ngokuthi impendulo yokukhanya kwe-pupillary . Lokhu kubalulekile ekugcineni umbono wethu ucacile.
Cabanga ukuthi kungani ungaboni lutho isikhashana lapho ungena ngaphakathi ngokuzumayo uvela elangeni elikhanyayo. Okwenzekayo ukuthi iso lakho elimnyama, elalifiphele ekukhanyeni okukhulu, lithatha isikhathi ukukhula uma ubuyela ebumnyameni.
Akugcini nje ngokuvumela ukukhanya ukuthi kungene, kodwa kungale ndandatho emnyama lapho i-aqueous humor , uketshezi olondla iso, luhamba luye ngaphambili kweso.
Kungani le nyoka emnyama ibukeka imnyama?
Uma lokhu kuyindawo engenalutho ngempela, kungani sibona ubumnyama? Isizathu siwukuthi ukukhanya okungena esweni akuvamile ukuphinde kuphume. Lokho kukhanya kumuncwa yi-retina engaphakathi kweso. Kufana nokubuka ngefasitela ekamelweni elimnyama bese ubona okungaphakathi kumnyama.
Kodwa wake waphawula ukuthi uma uthatha isithombe, ikakhulukazi uma i-flash ivuliwe, amehlo akho abukeka ebomvu? Kubizwa ngokuthi 'umphumela wamehlo abomvu'. Okwenzekayo ukuthi ukukhanya okukhulu okuvela ku-flash yekhamera kungena ngokuzumayo esweni bese kuboniswa yimithambo yegazi ngemuva kweso. Yilapho-ke sibona khona umbala ngaphakathi kweso.
Yiziphi izifo ezithinta i-black grouse?
Ngezinye izikhathi, ushintsho ngobukhulu beso elimnyama lungaba yinkinga ngokwalo. Kodwa kaningi, kungaba uphawu lwesinye isimo sezokwelapha emzimbeni. Yingakho odokotela beqala ngokubheka iso elimnyama lapho behlola umuntu olimale ekhanda.
Ake sibheke izimo eziyinhloko ezithinta i-black grouse.
| Isimo | Kalula nje, yilokhu okwenzekayo. |
|---|---|
| I-Anisocoria (usayizi ongalingani we-iris yamehlo amabili) | Izindilinga ezimnyama emehlweni womabili azilingani, kanti enye inkulu kunenye. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungaba yinto evamile, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungaba uphawu lwesimo esibucayi njengesimila sobuchopho noma isifo sohlangothi. |
| I-Miosis (ukucinana kwamehlo) | Indunu emnyama ivame ukuba ncane kakhulu (inciphile). Lesi simo singabangelwa imithi ethile, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa (ama-opiate), noma ezinye izifo zezinzwa. |
| I-Mydriasis (ukwanda kwe-iris) | Olunye uhlangothi lwe-miosis ukuthi umfundi uhlala evulekile. Lokhu kungabangelwa amaconsi athile amehlo, ukulimala kwemizwa, noma ukulimala kobuchopho. |
| Umfundi kaMarcus Gunn | Uma iso lakho elimnyama lingasabeli ngendlela evamile lapho udokotela ekhanyisa iso lakho ngethoshi, kungaba uphawu lwenkinga nge-optic nerve. |
| I-Horner syndrome | Lesi yisimo esingavamile. Sithinta uhlangothi olulodwa lobuso kanye neso. Okuhlobene nalokhuIzimpawu zifaka phakathi ukugoba kwejwabu, ukugoba kwejwabu, kanye nokuncipha kokujuluka kulolo hlangothi lobuso. |
| Ukukhubazeka kwemizwa ye-cranial yesithathu | Lesi yisimo esithinta inzwa enkulu elawula ukunyakaza kwamehlo ethu kanye neso elimnyama. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi iso elimnyama likhule futhi iso liphendukele phambili naphansi. |
| Ukulimala Kobuchopho Obubuhlungu (i-TBI) | Ukuxhuzula kobuchopho ukulimala kobuchopho okwenzeka lapho ikhanda lishaywa kanzima ndawana thize. Ukuxhuzula kobuchopho kungenye yalezi. Engozini enjalo, into yokuqala udokotela azoyibheka ukuze anqume ukuthi kukhona yini ingcindezi ebuchosheni ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini ushintsho kumsipha we-inguinal omnyama. |
Ngaphezu kwalezi zimo, izinto ezifana ne -cataracts kanye nezinhlobo ezithile zekhanda elibuhlungu zingathinta nokusebenza kanye nosayizi weso elimnyama.
Udokotela uzihlola kanjani lezi zimo?
Ungase uzibuze ukuthi udokotela angakuthola kanjani okungajwayelekile olimini lwakho olumnyama. Kunezivivinyo eziningana angazisebenzisa ukuze athole.
- Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuphelele: Lapha, udokotela usebenzisa ithoshi elincane ukukhanyisa amehlo akho womabili ngokushintshana ukuze abone ukuthi ama-retina womabili asabela ngokulinganayo nangokufanele.
- Ukusebenzisa amaconsi amehlo akhethekile anemithi: Ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswa amaconsi amehlo akhulisa noma anciphayo iso elimnyama, bese iso elimnyama lisabela kuwo ukuze lizame ukuthola ukuthi inkinga iyini.
- Ukuhlolwa kwezinye izimo: Inkinga yamehlo amnyama akuyona inkinga yamehlo nje kuphela. Kungaba uphawu lwesimo esingathi sína kwenye indawo emzimbeni, mhlawumbe ebuchosheni. Udokotela wakho angase akucele ukuhlolwa kwegazi, ukuskena kwe-CT, noma ukuskena kwe-MRI ukuthola imbangela.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha uma ubona ushintsho ngobukhulu bezindilinga zakho ezimnyama, noma uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ekuboneni kwakho.
Yini esingayenza ukuze sigcine amehlo ethu ephilile?
Kulungile, yini-ke esingayenza ukuze sigcine amehlo ethu, kuhlanganise namehlo ethu amnyama, ephilile? Uma wenza lezi zinto ezincane zibe umkhuba, amehlo akho azoba namandla kakhulu.
- Gwema ukubhema: Uma ubhema, ukuzama ukuyeka kungenye yezinto ezinkulu ongazenzela amehlo akho. Ukubhema kuhlobene ngqo nezifo eziningi, njenge-cataracts kanye nomonakalo we-retina.
- Thola ukudla okunempilo: Faka imifino eluhlaza kanye nemifino eluhlaza (njengesipinashi kanye ne-kale), izinhlanzi ze-omega-3 ezifana ne-salmon, i-tuna, kanye ne-mackerel, ama-walnuts, kanye nembewu ye-flax ekudleni kwakho. Futhi, phuza amanzi amaningi.
- Ukuzivocavoca: Vivinya okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku, izinsuku ezi-5 ngesonto. Abantu abanezifo ezifana ne-Diabetes Mellitus banamathuba amaningi okuthola izinkinga zamehlo. Ukuzivocavoca kunganciphisa leyo ngozi.
- Gqoka izibuko zokuphepha: Gqoka izibuko zelanga ezivikela emisebeni ye-UV lapho uphuma elangeni. Futhi, uma wenza umsebenzi wensimbi, wokhuni, noma udlala imidlalo, ukugqoka izibuko zokuphepha kungavimbela ukulimala kwamehlo okungenzeka.
- Qaphela lapho usebenzisa ama-contact lens: Uma ugqoka ama-contact lens, geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi ngaphambi kokuzifaka bese uzikhipha. Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho yokuthi ungazihlanza kanjani nokuthi uzigqoka isikhathi esingakanani.
- Nika amehlo akho ikhefu (umthetho we-20-20-20): Uma uchitha isikhathi esiningi ubheka ikhompyutha noma ifoni yakho, njalo ngemizuzu engama-20, bheka into eqhele ngamamitha angama-20 imizuzwana engama-20. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi umthetho we-20-20-20. Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu ukucindezeleka kwamehlo.
- Hlola amehlo akho njalo: Ngisho noma ungenazo izinkinga, hlola amehlo akho njalo njengoba kunconywe udokotela wakho. Uma unezimo ezifana ne-glaucoma noma isifo sikashukela, ukuhlolwa njalo kubalulekile.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Inhlamvu yeso lakho akuyona nje indawo emnyama, kodwa iyindawo ebaluleke kakhulu lapho ukukhanya kungena khona esweni lakho.
- Kujwayelekile futhi kunempilo ukuthi indandatho emnyama ishintshe usayizi kuye ngobukhulu bokukhanya.
- Uma iziyingi zakho ezimnyama zishintsha ngokuzumayo ngobukhulu (esinye siba sikhulu, esinye siba sincane), noma uma zibonakala zingasabeli ekukhanyeni, kungaba uphawu lwesimo esibucayi sezokwelapha. Esimweni esinjalo , ungachithi isikhathi ubone udokotela.
- Ukudla okuhle, ukuvivinya umzimba, ukugwema ukubhema, nokuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo kungasiza ekuvikeleni ukubona kwakho okuyigugu isikhathi eside.
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