I-Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) | Ake sifunde ngayo kalula

Ingabe nawe unesifo sesisu, umuzwa wokushisa esifubeni sakho? Mhlawumbe udokotela wakho wenze i-CT scan noma i-MRI wabona okuthile okuncane kuyo wakutshela ukuthi udinga ukwenza isivivinyo esikhethekile ukuze uthole okwengeziwe ngakho. Yilokho esikhuluma ngakho namuhla, isivivinyo esithuthuke kakhulu esenziwa ngezikhathi ezinjalo. I-Endoscopic ultrasound, noma i-EUS ngamafuphi. Nakuba igama lizwakala liyinkimbinkimbi kancane, empeleni lilula kakhulu. Ake sibheke imininingwane.

Kuyini i-endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)?

Kalula nje, i-EUS inqubo esetshenziswa ukuhlola ingaphakathi lesistimu yakho yokugaya ukudla, noma amathumbu. Lokhu kwenziwa udokotela wezifo zamathumbu.

Cabanga ngakho, lokhu kufana nokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obubili.

1. I-Endoscope: Lena yipayipi elide, elincane, eliguquguqukayo elinekhamera nokukhanya kolunye uhlangothi. Ingabona ngokucacile okungaphakathi esiswini sakho.

2. I-Ultrasound: Ekugcineni kwepayipi kukhona idivayisi encane yokuskena (i-probe). Lokhu kukhipha amaza omsindo futhi kudale izithombe zezitho zomzimba, izicubu, kanye nemithambo yegazi esiswini sakho.

Ngakho-ke uma lokhu kokubili kuhlanganiswa, udokotela angabheka ngokuseduze nangokucacile izitho ezingaphakathi nezizungezile izindonga zamathumbu akho, njenge-pancreas kanye ne-gallbladder. Kungabona imininingwane eminingi kunokuskena okuvamile.

Ubani odinga ukuhlolwa kwe-EUS?

Odokotela batusa lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-EUS ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene. Kusetshenziswa kakhulu ukuhlonza ngokunembile isimo sezokwelapha noma ukuthola imbangela yesibonakaliso esithile.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuhlolwa kwe-EUS:

Kuye ngezimpawu zakho, udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi uzohlola isisu esingaphezulu noma esingezansi.

1. I-EUS (i-EUS Ephezulu)

Kulokhu, kufakwa i-endoscope ngomlomo wakho bese kuhlolwa ingxenye engenhla yesistimu yakho yokugaya ukudla.

• Umphimbo, isisu, kanye nengxenye yokuqala yamathumbu amancane.
• Ama-lymph node azungezile, imithambo yegazi, ama-cyst agcwele uketshezi, kanye nezimila ezinomdlavuza.
• Izitho eziseduze njenge-pancreas, i-gallbladder, kanye ne-bile ducts.

2. I-EUS (i-EUS ephansi)

Kulokhu, i-endoscope ifakwa nge-anus bese kuhlolwa ingxenye engezansi yesistimu yokugaya ukudla.

• Imisipha ezungeze indunu (i-Anal sphincter).
• Imithambo yegazi ezungezile, ama-lymph node, ama-cyst agcwele uketshezi, kanye namaqhubu.
• Ingxenye yokugcina yamathumbu amakhulu (i-rectum kanye ne-colon).

Ukuhlolwa kwe-biopsy kwenziwa ngesikhathi esisodwa ne-EUS

Lena enye inzuzo enkulu yokuhlolwa kwe-EUS. Uma udokotela ebona noma yiliphi iqhubu elisolisayo noma izicubu ezingavamile ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, isampula encane yalo ingathathwa ukuze ihlolwe ngokushesha.

Isampula yezicubu noma uketshezi ithunyelwa elabhorethri. Udokotela wezifo uyayihlola bese ebika ukuthi inanoma yini engajwayelekile, njengamaseli omdlavuza.

Ungazilungiselela kanjani ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwe-EUS?

Udokotela uzokunikeza imiyalelo ecacile mayelana nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze nokungafanele uyenze ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Ngokuvamile bazokusho izinto ezifana nalezi:

• Imithi: Uma uthatha imithi yokwehlisa igazi noma i-insulin yesifo sikashukela, udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi ungayilungisa kanjani imithamo yaleyo mithi. Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha imithi yakho wedwa.
• Ukudla Nokuphuza: Uzocelwa ukuthi uyeke ukudla nokuphuza amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Ngokuvamile kuthatha cishe amahora angu-6-8. Lokhu kuzokhipha isisu sakho futhi kuvumele ukuhlolwa kucace.
• Ukuhlanzwa kwamathumbu: Uma une-EUS ephansi, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza umuthi okhethekile (ukulungiselela amathumbu) ukuze uhlanze amathumbu akho kahle. Lokhu kufanele kusetshenziswe njengoba nje kuqondiswe.
• Umshayeli: Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenzelwe ukukulalisa kancane, ukuze ungakwazi ukushayela ngemva kokuhlolwa. Ngakho-ke uzodinga umuntu ozokuthatha akuyise ekhaya.

Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa?

Lokhu kuvame ukuba inqubo yokulaliswa esibhedlela engenziwa ngaphandle kokulaliswa esibhedlela. Yonke inqubo ithatha cishe imizuzu engama-60.

Indlela yokwenza i-Upper EUS (ngomlomo):

Uzophendukela ohlangothini lwakho lwesobunxele bese ulaliswa embhedeni. Bese,

1. Uzonikezwa umuthi wokudambisa ngemithambo ukuze ukusize uphumule futhi ulale.

2. Futha umuthi wokuqeda umphimbo obuhlungu.

3. Kuzofakwa isivikelo somlomo sepulasitiki emlonyeni wakho ukuvimbela ukulimala kwamazinyo akho nokukuvimbela ekuhlafuneni i-endoscope.

4. Udokotela ube esefaka i-endoscope ngokucophelela ngomlomo bese eyidlulisela phansi emhubheni iye esiswini kanye nengxenye yokuqala yamathumbu amancane (i-duodenum).

5. Ngeke uzwe ubuhlungu ngalesi sikhathi. Ungaphefumula ngendlela evamile.

6. Udokotela ubheka i-monitor bese ehlola izitho zangaphakathi kanye namaqhubu.

7. Uma kudingeka, kuzothathwa i-biopsy (ingxenye yezicubu) njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili.

8. Uma ukuhlolwa sekuphelile, udokotela uzokhipha ipayipi bese eyeka i-anesthesia oyinikeziwe. Uzovuka usegumbini lokululama.

Indlela yokwenza i-Lower EUS (nge-rectum):

Lokhu kufana nalokho okungenhla. Uphendulwa ohlangothini lwakho lwesobunxele bese ulaliswa phansi, bese ulala ubuthongo obuncane. Bese,

1. Udokotela ufaka i-endoscope nge-anus bese eyidlulisela emathunjini amakhulu.

2. Ngeke uzwe ubuhlungu noma ukungakhululeki phakathi nale nqubo. Uzokwazi ukuphefumula ngendlela evamile.

3. Uhlelo lokugaya ukudla oluphansi kanye nezitho ezizungezile zihlolwa ngokubheka i-monitor.

4. Uma ukuhlolwa sekuqediwe, ipayipi liyasuswa bese kuthi umuthi wokubulala izinzwa umiswe.

Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlolwa kwe-EUS?

Iphilisi lokulala olinikwe lona lizophela zingakapheli imizuzu engama-30-60. Ngemva kwalokho, ungase uzizwe ungakhululekile.

• Ngemva kwe-EUS Ephansi: Ungase uzizwe ugcwele (ugesi) kanye nobuhlungu besisu obuncane.
• Ngemva kwe-EUS Ephezulu: Ungase uzwe ubuhlungu obuncane emphinjeni wakho.

Ingabe zikhona izingozi ezihilelekile?

I-EUS inqubo ephephile kakhulu, kodwa njenganoma iyiphi inqubo yezokwelapha, kunezinkinga ezithile ezingavela kaningi.

• Ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba nemithi yokubulala izinzwa.
• Ukulimala noma ukopha ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla.
• Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwesisu esingaphezulu, uketshezi oluvela emlonyeni noma esiswini lungangena emaphashini (ukufuthwa kwamaphaphu).
• Uma kuthathwa i-biopsy, kungase kube nokuvuvukala kwe-pancreas (i-pancreatitis).
• Imbobo odongeni lwamathumbu (ukubhoboka).

Lezi zinto azivamile ukwenzeka. Udokotela wakho uzothatha zonke izinyathelo ukunciphisa lezi zingozi.

Kunini lapho udinga ukukhuluma nodokotela?

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingavamile ngemva kokuhlolwa kwakho, kufanele ushayele udokotela wakho ucingo ngokushesha.