Uyayesaba i-ERCP? Ake sixoxe ngayo kalula (ERCP)

Ingabe nawe unesihlungu esingajwayelekile esiswini esingaphezulu osekuphele izinsuku eziningana sifika? Mhlawumbe amehlo akho aphenduka aphuzi, enezimpawu ezifana ne-jaundice? Ngesikhathi esinjengalesi, uma udokotela wakho ekutshela ukuthi udinga ukuhlolwa "kwe-ERCP", ungase uzizwe wesaba kancane uma uzwa lelo gama. Kodwa empeleni akwesabisi kangako. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngalolu vivinyo olubizwa ngokuthi i-ERCP ngokucacile nangokulula.

Kuyini i-ERCP ngamagama alula?

Igama elithi ERCP lizwakala lide futhi liyinkimbinkimbi, akunjalo? Ake silichaze. I-ERCP isifinyezo se- Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography .

Kalula nje, lokhu ukuhlolwa okukhethekile okubheka ngaphakathi kwemisele yethu ye-bile kanye nemisele ye-pancreatic . Cabanga ngakho njengokufaka ikhamera ngaphakathi kwalezi zingxenye ezincane zomzimba wethu ezifana ne-tube.

• I-Endoscopic: Lokhu kubhekisela ku-endoscope, okusho ukuthi ishubhu elincane, eliguquguqukayo elinekhamera enamathiselwe lisetshenziselwa le njongo.
• Ukubuyela emuva: Lokhu kusho "ukubuyela emuva." Kulolu vivinyo, kufakwa uketshezi (udayi ohlukile) kulezi zitsha ngendlela ephambene nokugeleza okuvamile.
• I-Cholangiopancreatography: Lokhu kungahlukaniswa kube izingxenye ezimbili. Igama elithi "Cholangio" lisho imisele ye-bile. Igama elithi "Pancreato" lisho imisele ye-pancreatic. Igama elithi "Graphy" lisho ukuthatha izithombe. Okusho ukuthi, ukuthatha izithombe ze-X-ray zemisele ye-bile kanye nemisele ye-pancreatic.

Lokhu kuhlola kusebenzisa udayi okhethekile, okwenza ingaphakathi lala mapayipi amancane libonakale kakhulu ku-X-ray. Lokhu kuvumela udokotela ukuthi abone ukuthi kukhona yini ukuvaleka kwala mapayipi, njengamatshe enyongo , isimila, noma izicubu zesilonda. Ingxenye engcono kakhulu ukuthi uma kutholakala inkinga, ingelashwa ngokushesha.

Kungani ngidinga ukuhlolwa kwe-ERCP?

Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani udokotela wakho engase ancome i-ERCP. Okuvame kakhulu yilapho besola inkinga nge-gallbladder yakho, i-bile ducts, noma i-pancreas.

Ake sibheke ithebula elingezansi ukuze sibone ukuthi yiziphi izizathu ezivamile zokwenza i-ERCP.

Kufanele ngilungiselele kanjani ngaphambi kokuhlolwa?

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ulungiselele kahle ngaphambi kwalokhu kuhlolwa. Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imiyalelo ecacile yokuthi yini okufanele uyenze. Ngokuvamile, kufanele ulandele le miyalelo:

• Ukudla Nokuphuza: Kufanele ugweme ukudla, ukuphuza (ngaphandle kwamanzi), noma ukuhlafuna itshungama cishe amahora angu-8 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Isisu esingenalutho sibalulekile ukuze kuhlolwe ngendlela ephephile necacile.
• Khuluma ngemithi yakho: Uma uphuza imithi yezinye izimo zezokwelapha, njengesifo sikashukela noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ikakhulukazi imithi yokwehlisa igazi , kufanele utshele udokotela wakho kusengaphambili. Bangase bakucele ukuthi uyeke ukuthatha leyo mithi izinsuku ezimbalwa.
• Ukungezwani komzimba:Uma uke waba nokungezwani komzimba ngaphambilini nomuthi osetshenziselwa i-anesthesia noma i-contrast dye, yazisa udokotela wakho ngalokho futhi.
• Umuntu ozokuhambisa ekhaya: Njengoba uzonikezwa umuthi wokudambisa ubuhlungu ngemva kokuhlolwa, ngeke ukwazi ukushayela noma ukuya ekhaya wedwa. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi ube nomuntu ozokuhambisa ekhaya.

Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa?

I-ERCP ivame ukuba ukuhlolwa kosuku olufanayo, okusho ukuthi ungaya ekhaya ngaphandle kokulala esibhedlela. Kungathatha cishe ihora noma amabili.

1. Ukupholisa: Okokuqala, i-cannula ifakwa emthanjeni ongalweni yakho bese kunikezwa umuthi wokuthoba ukuze ulale. Lokhu kuzokuvimbela ekuzizweni ukungakhululeki noma ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Ungase ungakhumbuli lutho olunye phakathi nalesi sikhathi.

2. Ukufaka i-endoscope: Okulandelayo, udokotela uzofaka kancane i-endoscope (ithubhu enekhamera) ngomlomo wakho, yehle ngomhubhe wakho nasesiswini, bese ingena engxenyeni yokuqala yamathumbu akho amancane (i-duodenum). Konke lokhu kwenziwa ngenkathi ubukele ngesikrini.

3. Ukuthola imisele: Thola ukuvulwa kwemisele ye-bile kanye nemisele ye-pancreatic emathunjini amancane.

4. Ukufaka Idayi Yokuqhathanisa: Okulandelayo, kudluliswa elinye ipayipi elincane nge-endoscope, bese kufakwa idayi yokuhlukanisa emgudwini ngayo.

5. I-X-ray (i-Fluoroscopy): Njengoba udayi uhamba ngepayipi, ubonwa kusetshenziswa ividiyo ye-X-ray ehambayo (i-fluoroscopy). Le X-ray iphephile kakhulu ngoba inani lemisebe liphansi kakhulu.

6. Ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa: Lezi zithombe ze-X-ray zivumela udokotela ukuthi abone kahle ukuthi yikuphi ukuvinjelwa, amatshe, izimila, noma ezinye izinkinga ezingaphakathi kwamapayipi.

Amacala okwelashwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa

Lokhu kungenye yezinzuzo ezinkulu ze-ERCP. Uma inkinga itholakala, amathuluzi amancane angadluliswa nge-endoscope futhi aphathwe ngokushesha.

• Ukususwa kwamatshe: Amatshe abhajwe emigudwini yenyongo angachotshozwa noma asuswe ngokuphelele.
• Ukuthatha isampula yezicubu (i-Biopsy): Uma kukhona isimila noma izicubu ezisolisayo, ingxenye encane yaso ingathathwa ukuze ihlolwe kabanzi.
• Ukwanda kwemithambo yegazi: Imithambo yegazi eye yaba mincane ngenxa yezibazi ingavulwa.
• Ukubekwa kwe-stent: Uma isitsha sidinga ukugcinwa sivulekile, ithubhu elincane le-mesh (stent) lingafakwa kuso.
• Ukususwa kwe-sphincterotomy:Kungenziwa ukusikwa okuncane emsipheni lapho kuvuleka khona umgudu, okwandisa umgodi futhi kuvumele amatshe noma inyongo ukuthi idlule kalula.

Yini ongayilindela ngemva kokuhlolwa?

Ngemva kokuhlolwa, kuzodingeka uhlale esibhedlela cishe ihora elilodwa noma amabili kuze kube yilapho imiphumela yomuthi wokubulala izinzwa iphela. Ngemva kwalokho, ungaya ekhaya nomuntu oze ukuzokuthatha uye ekhaya.

Ungase uzwe ubuhlungu obuncane usuku olulodwa noma ezimbili, njengokuthi:

• Umphimbo obuhlungu: I-endoscope ingabangela umphimbo obuhlungu kancane. Lokhu kungancishiswa ngokudla uketshezi nokudla okuthambile.
• Ukugcwaliswa kwesisu noma ukuphuma: Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, umoya uphonswa esiswini nasemathunjini ukuze ubone kahle ingaphakathi. Lokhu kungabangela ukungakhululeki okuncane esiswini. Lokhu kuzophela ngemva kwesikhashana.
• Isicanucanu: Abanye abantu bangase babe nomuzwa omncane wesicanucanu ngenxa yemithi yokubulala izinzwa. Lokhu kuzophela kancane kancane.

Yiziphi izingozi zokuhlolwa kwe-ERCP?

Njenganoma iyiphi inqubo yezokwelapha, i-ERCP inengozi encane. Kodwa-ke, izinkinga ezinkulu azivamile. Izinkinga zenzeka kubantu abangu-5% kuya ku-10% kuphela abane-ERCP.

Ezinye zezinkinga ezingaba khona yilezi:

• I-Pancreatitis: Lena inkinga evame kakhulu. Ukuhlolwa kungabangela ukuthi i-pancreas ivuvuke.
• Ukutheleleka: Ukutheleleka kungenzeka emigudwini yenyongo.
• Ukopha: Ukopha okuncane kungase kwenzeke uma kuthathwa isampula yezicubu noma kwenziwa isilonda.
• Ukubhoboka: Akuvamile kakhulu, i-endoscope ingabangela imbobo odongeni lomphimbo, isisu, noma amathumbu amancane.

Yiziphi izimpawu ezikhethekile okufanele ukhulume ngazo nodokotela?

Uma, ngemva kokuya ekhaya ngemva kokuhlolwa, uba nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezimbi ngaphandle kokungakhululeki okuncane okuvamile ukukuzwa, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha noma uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze.

Izimpawu okufanele uziqaphele:

• Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu noma ukuqunjelwa.
• Umkhuhlane noma ukubanda.
• Ukuhlanza njalo.
• Ubuhlungu esifubeni noma ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Ukopha okuvela e-rectum noma ukuphuma komnyama, indle ephuzi.

Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, ungazinaki. Funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.