Ingabe kukhona okubonakala kungalungile endlebeni yakho? Kungaba yinkinga nge-Eustachian Tube yakho! (Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-Eustachian Tube)

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa sengathi kukhona okubambekile ezindlebeni zakho, noma izindlebe zakho zizwakala zinzima, noma uzwa umsindo wokukhala ezindlebeni zakho? Mhlawumbe uma ukhuphuka intaba, noma uma undiza endizeni, izindlebe zakho zizizwa sengathi "zixoshiwe." Lezi akuzona nje izinto ezingahleliwe. Mhlawumbe isizathu salokhu kukhona okungahambi kahle ngepayipi lakho le-Eustachian. Ingabe singakhuluma ngalokhu ngemininingwane eyengeziwe namuhla, njengokungathi sikhuluma nomngane?

Iyini ithubhu i-Eustachian? Kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi ingasebenzi kahle?

Kulungile, ake siqale sibheke ukuthi iyini i-Eustachian tube. Kalula nje, ifana ne-tube encane. Sonke sinale payipi kuzo zombili izindlebe. Le payipi ixhumanisa indlebe yethu ephakathi (ingxenye engaphakathi kwe-eardrum) nengemuva komphimbo. Cabanga ngakho, uma ukhuphuka intaba noma undiza ngendiza, uzwa ingcindezi ezindlebeni zakho ishintsha. Ngaleso sikhathi, le payipi ye-Eustachian isiza ukugcina ingcindezi engaphakathi kwezindlebe zethu kanye nengcindezi yomoya engaphandle kwendlebe ilingana. Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa le payipi encane iyasiza futhi ekukhipheni uketshezi olungafuneki kanye ne-mucus ngezinye izikhathi eqoqana endlebeni ephakathi.

Manje, ukungasebenzi kahle kwepayipi le-Eustachian, noma njengoba sikubiza ngokwezokwelapha , i-Eustachian Tube Dysfunction (ETD) , yilapho la mapayipi engavuli noma engavali kahle. Kwenzekani-ke? Lawa mapayipi angavaleka, njengepayipi lamanzi elivalekile. Yilapho lezo zinkinga zendlebe ezishiwo ngenhla ziqala khona ukwenzeka. Nakuba lesi simo singavela kunoma yimuphi ubudala, sivame kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane . Ngoba amapayipi abo e-Eustachian amafushane futhi ane-engeli ehlukile. Kubantu abadala, cishe u-1% wabantu kubikwa ukuthi bane-ETD.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokungasebenzi kahle kwe-Eustachian tube (ETD)?

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-ETD, ngayinye inomehluko omncane.

• Ukungasebenzi Kahle Kwe-Eustachian Tube: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-Eustachian tube yakho ihlala ivuliwe . Kufana nomnyango ohlala uvuliwe. Lokhu kubangela umsindo ukuthi uhambe usuka ezindleleni zakho zamakhala uye ezindlebeni zakho, futhi izwi lakho lingase lizwakale ngendlela ehlukile. Kungase kuzwakale sengathi uzwa izwi lakho likhala ezindlebeni zakho uma ukhuluma (autophony), noma ungase uzwe umsindo wokuphefumula kwakho ezindlebeni zakho.
• Ukungasebenzi Kahle Kwe-Eustachian Tube: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-Eustachian tube ingavuli kahle. Okusho ukuthi, ayivuli ngesikhathi okufanele ivuleke ngaso. Lokhu kungabangela uketshezi oluqongelelekayo endlebeni ephakathi, okubangela ubuhlungu bendlebe, ukucindezeleka, noma umuzwa wokusinda. Iningi labantu linalolu hlobo lwe-ETD.
• Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-Eustachian Tube okubangelwa yi-Baro-challenge:Kulesi simo, ipayipi le-Eustachian alivuli kahle. Kodwa-ke, ubuhlungu bendlebe kanye nokucindezeleka kwenzeka kuphela uma uya endaweni ephakeme (njengokukhuphuka intaba), ukundiza ngendiza, noma uzwa izinguquko ekuphakameni noma ekucindezelweni komoya , njengalapho ubhukuda. Ngezinye izikhathi, ungase uphile kahle.

Ingabe nawe unalezi zimpawu? (Izimpawu ze-ETD)

Uphawu oluvame kakhulu lwe-ETD ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okuncane, umuzwa wokuba ngaphansi kwamanzi, noma umuzwa wokuminyana endlebeni . Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kungase kube nezinye izimpawu eziningana. Bona ukuthi lezi zizwakala zijwayelekile yini kuwe:

• Umuzwa wokugcwala nokusinda ezindlebeni.
• Ukuzwa umsindo 'wokuchofoza' noma 'wokuqhuma' endlebeni (ikakhulukazi uma ugwinya okuthile noma uvula umlomo).
• Ukuzizwa unesizungu noma ungazinzi kahle (isizungu, i-vertigo).
• Ubuhlungu bendlebe - Ngezinye izikhathi ubuhlungu bungaba bukhulu kakhulu.
• I-Tinnitus umsindo oqhubekayo ezindlebeni, ofana nomsindo wokukhala.
• Ngezinye izikhathi ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kuyinto ebalulekile.

Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, kuwumqondo omuhle ukukhathazeka.

Kungani izinkinga zamapayipi e-Eustachian (ETD) zenzeka? (Izimbangela)

Ngokuvamile, imbangela yezinkinga nge-Eustachian tube ukuvuvukala (ukuvuvukala) epayipini. Kunezimbangela eziningana ezingaba khona zalokhu kuvuvukala:

• Ukungezwani komzimba: Abanye abantu bangezwani nezinto ezifana nothuli, impova, kanye nokudla okuthile. Lokhu kungabangela ukuminyana kwamakhala kanye nokuvuvukala kwamapayipi e-Eustachian.
• I-reflux ye-acid engapheli (GERD) ebangelwa yi-gastritis engapheli: Kulesi simo, i-acid yesisu ingabuyela emphinjeni, ibangele ukuvuvukala nobuhlungu eduze kwezikhala ze-Eustachian tube.
• Ukutheleleka ngegciwane njengomkhuhlane kanye nomkhuhlane.
• Umkhuhlane kanye nezinye izifo zokuphefumula.
• Ukutheleleka kwe-Sinus (i-Sinusitis).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpawu ze-Eustachian tube zinganda nalapho usendizeni, endaweni enezintaba, noma lapho ubhukuda. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-barotrauma . Cabanga nje, lapho ukhuphuka ngokuzumayo, izindlebe zakho zizwa sengathi 'ziyanyamalala' ngenxa yalokhu. Futhi, abantu abane-septum ephambukile, ama-polyp ekhala, kanye nezimo zokuzalwa ezifana ne-cleft palate basengozini enkulu yokuthola izinkinga ze-Eustachian tube. Abantu ababhemayo nabo basengozini enkulu.

Kuzokwenzekani uma lokhu kunganakwa? (Izinkinga ze-ETD)

Esikhathini esiningi, lokhu akuyingozi. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezingavamile, uma kungelashwa, izinkinga nge-Eustachian tube zingaholela ezimweni ezibucayi. Isibonelo, ukunqwabelana okuqhubekayo koketshezi endlebeni ephakathi , okuholela ekuthelelekeni kwendlebe ephakathi (i-otitis media).Kungabangela nokulahlekelwa ukuzwa unomphela, ukubhoboka kwendlebe noma ukuhoxa, kanye nomonakalo emathanjeni endlebe ephakathi. Ngezinye izikhathi, isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-cholesteatoma , okuwukukhula okungavamile kwamangqamuzana esikhumba ngaphakathi kwendlebe, singaba khona. Yingakho kubalulekile ukubona udokotela uma izimpawu zakho zihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili.

Khumbula: Ngisho noma kubonakala kuyinto encane, akuwona umqondo omuhle ukungazinaki izinkinga zendlebe. Ukuthola ukwelashwa ngesikhathi kungavimbela izinkinga ezinkulu.

Udokotela ukuxilonga kanjani lokhu? (Ukuxilongwa)

Uma uya kudokotela, uzoqala ngokukubuza ngezimpawu zakho. Sekuyisikhathi esingakanani unalezi zinkinga, ziba zimbi nini, nokuthi unazo yini ezinye izimo zezokwelapha. Ngemuva kwalokho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Uzohlola imisele yakho yendlebe, izimbotshana zezindlebe, imigudu yamakhala, kanye nengemuva lomphimbo wakho ngethuluzi elikhethekile elibizwa ngokuthi i-otoscope.

Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe okufana nalokhu kungenziwa ukuqinisekisa:

• I-Tympanometry: Lokhu ukuhlolwa okungenabuhlungu okulinganisa ukuthi indlebe yakho ephakathi isebenza kahle kangakanani, ukuthi i-eardrum yakho ihamba kanjani, nokuthi kukhona yini uketshezi endlebeni yakho ephakathi. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokufaka ingcindezi encane endlebeni yakho.
• Ukuhlolwa kokuzwa / i-Audiometry: Lokhu kuhlolwa kunganquma ngokunembile ukuthi unenkinga yokuzwa, uma kunjalo, uhlobo luni, nokuthi ngezinga elingakanani.
• Ungase futhi wenze i- endoscopy yamakhala ukuze uhlole ikhala lakho nomphimbo wakho. Lokhu kuhilela ukudlulisa ipayipi elinekhamera encane ngekhala lakho ukuze ubheke ngaphakathi.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu? (ETD Treatment)

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izimo eziningi ze-ETD ziyaphela ngaphandle kokwelashwa okuqondile, zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa noma isonto noma amabili . Ngakho-ke imithi ayidingeki njalo. Kodwa-ke, uma izimpawu zakho zihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili, noma uma izimpawu zakho zinzima, khona-ke ukwelashwa kungadingeka.

Uhlobo lokwelashwa olutholayo luzoncika embangeni wesimo (isib., ukungezwani komzimba noma ukutheleleka), ubukhali besimo, kanye nempilo yakho iyonke.

Amakhambi Asekhaya

Ngezinye izikhathi, uma kuyinkinga encane, ungathola impumuzo ngezinto ezilula ongazenza ekhaya, njenge:

• Ushingamu.
• Ukukhamuluka.
• Ukugwinya njalo.
• Zama indlela yeValsalva . Lokhu kuhilela ukuvala umlomo wakho, ukucina ikhala lakho ngesandla sakho, nokuzama ukukhipha umoya wakho. Kufana nokuzama ukususa ikhala lakho elivalekile. Kodwa ungakwenzi lokhu uma unomkhuhlane omubi noma ikhala eligobhozayo, njengoba lokhu kungabangela ukuthi ukutheleleka kusabalale endlebeni yakho ephakathi. Kungcono ukubonana nodokotela ngaphambi kokwenza lokhu.
• Isifutho samakhala esinosawoti, esitholakala ekhemisi, singasetshenziswa ukusula imigudu yamakhala.Ukusebenzisa eyodwa. Lokhu kuzonciphisa ukoma ngaphakathi kwekhala futhi kusize ekususeni i-mucus nezinye izinto.
• Ukusebenzisa idivayisi ekhethekile (njenge-Otovent®) ukusiza "ukuvula" izindlebe. Lokhu kungasetshenziswa ngemuva kokubonisana nodokotela.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho inale nkinga, mnike i-pacifier noma ibhodlela. Ukunyakaza kokumunca kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukuminyana.

Imithi

Uma izinkinga zakho zamapayipi e-Eustachian zibangelwa ukungezwani komzimba, eminye imithi etholakala ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela (i-OTC) ingasiza. Isibonelo:

• Izinhlobo zama -antihistamine (isib. `cetirizine`, `loratadine`, `diphenhydramine`).
• Izifutho ze-steroid zamakhala (isib., i-fluticasone (Flonase®), i-mometasone (Nasonex®). Lezi zisetshenziswa kangcono ngaphansi kwesiqondiso sikadokotela.
• Uma kukhona ubuhlungu, thatha imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu (isib. i-acetaminophen noma i-ibuprofen).

Kodwa-ke, uma i-ETD ibangelwa ukutheleleka ngamagciwane (njengokutheleleka kwendlebe ephakathi), udokotela wakho angase akunike ama-antibiotic . Angase akunike nama-corticosteroids ngendlela yamaphilisi noma izifutho zokunciphisa ukuvuvukala.

Kubalulekile ukubonisana nodokotela ngaphambi kokusebenzisa imithi yokunciphisa ukuminyana (isib. i-pseudoephedrine (Sudafed®) noma i-phenylephrine). Nakuba le mithi ingase inciphise okwesikhashana ukuminyana kwamakhala, ngezinye izikhathi ingaba yimbi kakhulu i-ETD, noma ibangele imiphumela emibi uma isetshenziswa isikhathi eside.

Mhlawumbe ukuhlinzwa kuyadingeka? (Ukuhlinzwa)

I-ETD ehlala izinyanga futhi engathuthuki ngemithi namakhambi asekhaya ingadinga ukuhlinzwa. Umgomo walokhu kwelashwa ukuvimbela umoya ukuthi ungangeni endlebeni ephakathi ngepayipi le-Eustachian, ukuxazulula izinkinga zokungenisa umoya, nokususa uketshezi. Lokhu kungasiza ekunciphiseni izinkinga zokuzwa nezinye izimpawu. Izinketho zokuhlinzwa ze-ETD zifaka:

• I-Myringotomy: Lokhu kuhilela udokotela ohlinzayo enza ukusika okuncane endlebeni yakho bese ekhipha uketshezi endlebeni yakho ephakathi (ukumunca). Kwabantu abadala, lokhu kusikwa kuvame ukushiywa kuvuliwe kuze kube yilapho ukuvuvukala kumapayipi e-Eustachian kwehla.
• Amapayipi endlebe / Ama-Grommets / Amapayipi okungenisa umoya: Ngezinye izikhathi, odokotela abahlinzayo bafaka amapayipi amancane (amapayipi endlebe) kula manxeba ngesikhathi esifanayo ne-myringotomy. Lawa mapayipi ahlinzeka ngokungenisa umoya endlebeni ephakathi futhi avimbele uketshezi ukuthi luqongelelane izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya onyakeni, noma ngisho nangaphezulu. Ngokuvamile, lawa mapayipi aphuma wodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi i-eardrum iyaphola.
• I-Eustachian tuboplasty (noma i-Eustachian tube balloon dilation): Lena inqubo entsha kakhulu. Ihilela ukusebenzisa ibhaluni ukuze ivule ipayipi lakho le-Eustachian elivalekile. Udokotela ohlinzayo ufaka i -endoscope ( ipayipi elinekhamera encane) ngekhala lakho, bese esebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile, edlulisela ibhaluni phansi ezindleleni zakho zamakhala lingene epayipini lakho le-Eustachian. Ibhaluni libe selivuvukele cishe imizuzu emibili, bese liphuma futhi bese lisuswa. Lokhu kuvula ipayipi ngaphakathi, okuvumela ukuhamba komoya okungcono.

Ngizolulama ngokushesha kangakanani ngemva kokwelashwa?

Kuya ngohlobo lokwelashwa olutholayo. Ngokuvamile kuthatha cishe amasonto amathathu kuya kwamane ukululama ngokuphelele ekuhlinzweni kwe-myringotomy. Abantu abaye bahlinzwa i-eustachian tuboplasty bavame ukuthola impumuzo enkulu ezimpawini zabo esikhathini esifushane, ngokuvamile cishe amahora angama-24.

Uma unamapayipi ezindlebe afakwe i-ETD, avame ukuhlala phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-6 neziyi-18. Ngemva kwalokho, azowa wodwa.

Ayikho yini indlela yokugwema lesi simo ngokuphelele? (Ukuvimbela)

Kungase kungenzeki ukuvimbela ngokuphelele i-ETD, njengoba ezinye izimbangela (isib., umkhuhlane ovamile) kunzima kithi ukuzilawula. Kodwa-ke, kunezinto eziningana ongazenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho. Isibonelo:

• Gqoka ama-ear plug ahlungiwe ukuze unciphise ingcindezi ezindlebeni zakho (endlebeni yendiza) ngenkathi usendizeni. Futhi, hlafuna itshungama, uphuze amanzi, bese welula imilenze yakho ngenkathi ugibela futhi wehla endizeni.
• Gwema izindawo ezibanda kakhulu noma ezishisa kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka, ngoba lokhu kungandisa izinkinga zokudla.
• Phuza amanzi amaningi usuku lonke ukuze unciphise uketshezi olusekhaleni lakho nasemphinjeni.
• Uma une-allergies, thintana nodokotela ukuze akulawule. Gwema izinto ezibangela i-allergies ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Uma ubhema, gwema ukubhema futhi ugweme ukuphefumula intuthu kagwayi yabanye abantu.

Ingabe lokhu kuyingozi? Kuzokwenzekani ngokulandelayo? (Outlook)

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi i-ETD ngokuvamile ayiyona ingozi futhi ivame ukuzixazulula yodwa . Kodwa-ke, izimpawu ezihambisana nayo zingaba yinkinga enkulu futhi zingaphazamisa imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Ngakho-ke, kuwumqondo omuhle ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nendlela yokuphatha lesi simo.

Izinkinga zamapayipi e-Eustachian zivame ukuba ngcono phakathi nesonto noma amabili. Kodwa-ke, abantu abane-ETD engamahlalakhona bangase babe nezimpawu amasonto, izinyanga, noma ngisho neminyaka. Laba ngabantu abadinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?

Uma unezinhlungu ezinzima ngenxa yenkinga ngepayipi le-Eustachian, uma unoketshezi noma ubomvu obuphuma endlebeni yakho, uma unomkhuhlane, noma uma unezimpawuUma sekudlule amasonto angaphezu kwamabili futhi ukwelashwa ekhaya kungasizi, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela ukuze uthole iseluleko. Kungcono ukubona udokotela ngokushesha okukhulu, ikakhulukazi uma ingane encane inalezi zimpawu.

Imibuzo ebalulekile okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho

Uma ucabanga ukuthi une-Eustachian tube defect (ETD), kungaba usizo ukubuza udokotela wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Yisiphi isizathu esiyinhloko sokuba ngibe nalesi simo se-ETD?
• Ingabe kukhona ezinye izinto engingazenza ekhaya ngalokhu?
• Yini engingayenza ukuze nginciphise ingozi yami yokuthola i-ETD?
• Ingabe ngizodinga ama-antibiotic noma eminye imithi kadokotela? Uma kunjalo, kuzodingeka ngiyithathe isikhathi esingakanani?
• Yini engingayenza ukuze nginciphise lokhu kungakhululeki futhi ngizizwe ngikhululekile kancane?
• Ingabe lesi simo singaphinde siphinde sivele? Yini okufanele yenziwe ukuze kuvinjelwe?
• Ingabe ngizodinga into efana nokuhlinzwa?

Okokugcina, okufanele ukukhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-Eustachian Tube Dysfunction (ETD) ngokuvamile ayiyona ingozi . Ivame ukuzixazulula yodwa . Kodwa-ke, uma ingelashwa, ngezinye izikhathi ingaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu njengokulahlekelwa ukuzwa, ukukhala ezindlebeni (i-tinnitus), izifo zendlebe ephakathi, noma umonakalo ohlala njalo we-eardrum kanye nendlebe ephakathi. Ngakho-ke, uma izimpawu zakho zingathuthuki ngemva kwesonto noma amabili, noma uma zinzima kakhulu, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela . Angaxilonga imbangela yesimo sakho futhi ancome ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu kuwe. Kungumthwalo wakho ukunakekela izindlebe zakho!

I- Eustachian tube, i-ETD, ubuhlungu bendlebe, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, i-tinnitus, indlebe ephakathi, i-eardrum