Okudingeka ukwazi ngomkhuhlane ovamile!

Kunzima ukuthola umuntu ongangenwa umkhuhlane kanye noma kabili ngonyaka, akunjalo? Ikhala elicijile, umphimbo oklwebhayo, ukuthimula... Lezi zimpawu ezicasulayo zingalimaza usuku lwethu lonke isikhashana. Namuhla sikhuluma ' ngomkhuhlane ovamile ', odluliselwa kalula kusuka kumuntu uye komunye ekhaya, esikoleni, nasehhovisi. Uvela kanjani ngempela? Ziyini izimpawu? Ingabe ikhona ikhambi? Ingabe lingavinjelwa? Ake sithole izimpendulo zayo yonke le mibuzo kulesi sihloko.

🤔 Kuyini lokhu kubanda? (Isifinyezo)

Kalula nje, umkhuhlane ukutheleleka okubangelwa yigciwane elingena ohlelweni lokuphefumula oluphezulu, oluhlanganisa ikhala lethu, umphimbo, ama-sinuses, kanye nomphimbo/umphimbo.

❓ Umkhuhlane uvela kanjani?

Lokhu kutheleleka kubangelwa yigciwane. Leli gciwane lingena emzimbeni wethu ngezimbotshana (izimbotshana ezincane nezimanzi) zekhala, amehlo, noma umlomo. Kwenzeka kanjani?

• Ngokuphefumula: Uma umuntu onesifo somkhuhlane ekhwehlela noma ethimula, amaconsi amancane aqukethe igciwane akhishwa emoyeni. Uma siphefumula lowo moya, igciwane lingangena emakhaleni ethu.
• Ngokuthinta: Uma umuntu ogulayo esula ikhala lakhe noma ethimula bese ethinta into efana nesibambo somnyango, itafula, noma ifoni, igciwane lingahlala kulolo buso. Uma umuntu ophilile ethinta lobo buso bese ethinta ikhala lakhe, umlomo, noma amehlo akhe ngesandla esifanayo, igciwane lingangena emzimbeni.

❓ Kungani lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "Umkhuhlane Ovamile"?

Njengoba igama lisho, lokhu 'kuvamile' kakhulu, okusho ukuthi kuvame kakhulu futhi kuvame kakhulu. Eqinisweni, umkhuhlane ovamile ungase ube yisifo esivame kakhulu esisitholayo empilweni yethu! Ngokwesilinganiso, umuntu omdala uzowuthola kabili noma kathathu ngonyaka. Izingane ezincane zingawuthola kane noma ngaphezulu ngonyaka.

❓ Ingabe umkhuhlane ovamile uyi-coronavirus?

Lokhu kuyadida kancane. Empeleni kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-200 zamagciwane ezingadala umkhuhlane ovamile! Ezivame kakhulu (cishe ama-50%) zazo yi -Rhinoviruses . Kodwa-ke, amanye amagciwane eqenjini le-Coronaviruses nawo angabangela umkhuhlane ovamile. Kodwa akuzona i-coronavirus entsha eyabangela ubhubhane lomhlaba wonke ngo-2019 ( SARS-CoV-2, ebangela i-COVID-19 ). Izifo ezibangelwa yi-coronavirus ezibangela umkhuhlane ovamile azizimbi kakhulu futhi ziyalulama ngokushesha. (Sizoxoxa ngomehluko phakathi kwe-COVID-19 nomkhuhlane ovamile kamuva).

🤧 Izimpawu Nezimbangela

Izimpawu zomkhuhlane ngokuvamile aziveli ngesikhathi esisodwa, kodwa ziza ngezigaba.

❓ Ziyini izimpawu zomkhuhlane? (Ziyini izimpawu?)

• Isigaba Sokuqala (Izinsuku 1-3): Izimpawu zokuqala ziqala ukuvela zingakapheli usuku noma ezintathu ngemva kokutheleleka yileli gciwane. Iningi labantu (cishe ama-50%) liqala ukuzwa ukukitazeka okuncane, ukulunywa, noma umphimbo obuhlungu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi nalezi zinsuku:
  • Ukuthimula
  • Impumulo egobhozayo (ekuqaleni imanzi, ingase ibe nkulu kamuva)
  • Impumulo evalekile/ ukuminyana kwamakhala
  • Ukukhwehlela (kungaba ukukhwehlela okomile ekuqaleni)
  • Izimpawu ezinjengokuhwaqabala kwezwi zingase zivele.
• Isigaba Sokusebenza (Izinsuku 4-7): Phakathi nalezi zinsuku, izimpawu ziba zimbi kakhulu futhi zifinyelele esicongweni sazo. Ngaphezu kwezimpawu zangaphambilini, okulandelayo kungase kwenzeke:
  • Ubuhlungu bomzimba
  • Ikhanda elibuhlungu
  • Izinyembezi/amehlo anamanzi, impumulo egobhozayo eqhubekayo
  • Ukukhathala
  • Umkhuhlane (ovame kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane kunabantu abadala)
• Isigaba Sokugcina (Izinsuku 8-10): Esikhathini esiningi, ukugula kuzoqala ukuncipha ngalesi sikhathi. Kungenzeka ukuthi usululame ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izimpawu, ikakhulukazi ukukhwehlela, zingase ziqhubeke izinsuku ezimbalwa ezengeziwe, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho namasonto (kuze kube yizinyanga ezimbili). Okubalulekile: Uma ungazizwa ungcono ngemva kwezinsuku eziyi-10, uma izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi kakhulu, noma uma umkhuhlane wakho ubuya, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela. Lokhu kungasho ukuthi usuthole enye inkinga ngenxa yomkhuhlane wakho - njenge-bronchitis, i-sinusitis, noma i-pneumonia.

❓ Izimpawu Ezinganeni

Uma umntwana eba nomkhuhlane, angabonisa izimpawu ezihlukile kancane kunezabantu abadala:

• Ukuphuma kwamanzi esithweni sangasese sowesifazane (kuqala kube ngamanzi, bese kuba lukhuni futhi kungase kube mpunga, kube phuzi, noma kube luhlaza)
• Ukuthimula
• Umkhuhlane ongaba ngu-101-102 Fahrenheit (38.3-38.9 Celsius)
• Ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla
• Ukwanda kokuvuza amathe ngenxa yomphimbo obuhlungu kanye nobunzima bokugwinya
• Ukukhwehlela
• Ukucasuka
• Ukuvuvukala okuncane kwama-lymph node entanyeni

❓ Ungazihlukanisa kanjani izimpawu zomkhuhlane wengane nesifo esingathi sína?

Uma ingane yakho encane inezinye zezimpawu ezilandelayo, kungaba yinto engathi sína kakhulu kunomkhuhlane nje. Funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha:

• Uma ingane enezinyanga ezimbili noma ngaphansi inomkhuhlane.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (ikakhulukazi uma ikhala livuleka lapho uphefumula).
• Ukuphefumula okusheshayo noma okukhandlekayo.
• Uma wenza umsindo wokushaya ikhwela lapho uphefumula.
• Uma ubona izimbambo zakho zingena uma uphefumula (Izimbambo ziyavela).
• Uma izindebe ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (izindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka).
• Uma wenqaba ukudla noma ukuphuza (kungabangela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni).
• Uma uzizwa sengathi unesihlungu sendlebe.
• Uma wenza izinto ngendlela exakile noma elele kakhulu kunokujwayelekile.
• Uma ukukhwehlela kuqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amathathu.
• Uma ukugula kubonakala kuba kubi usuku nosuku esikhundleni sokuba ngcono.

❓ Yini ebangela umkhuhlane? (Yini ebangela umkhuhlane?)

Njengoba sesishilo ngaphambili, amagciwane abangela umkhuhlane. Imbangela eyinhloko yi -rhinovirus . Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwe-100 ze-rhinovirus! Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-200 zamagciwane, okuhlanganisa ne-coronavirus, ezibangela umkhuhlane ovamile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuthi nje wake waba nomkhuhlane kanye akusho ukuthi ngeke uphinde uwuthole, ngoba ngesikhathi esizayo kungase kube yigciwane elihlukile.

❓ Ingabe umkhuhlane ovamile uyathelelana? Udluliselwa kanjani?

Yebo, iyathelelana impela. Isakazeka kalula kakhulu isuka komunye umuntu iye komunye. Njengoba sixoxile ngenhla, isakazeka ngokuphefumula amaconsi aqukethe igciwane akhishwa emoyeni lapho umuntu onegciwane ekhwehlela noma ethimula, noma ngokuthinta indawo enegciwane bese uthinta ikhala lakho, umlomo, noma amehlo.

❓ Ungaba nesifo esithathelwanayo isikhathi esingakanani?

Ungamangali, ungasabalalisa lesi sifo komunye umuntu kusenesikhathi sosuku noma ezimbili ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuba nezimpawu! Futhi, igciwane lingaphuma emzimbeni wakho kuze kube amasonto amabili ngemva kokuba usululame. Kodwa-ke, uthelelana kakhulu uma izimpawu zakho seziphezulu kakhulu - ngokuvamile zingakapheli izinsuku ezintathu zokuqala zokugula.

❓ Isikhathi sokufukamela singakanani?

Isikhathi sokufukamela yisikhathi kusukela lapho igciwane lingena emzimbeni kuze kube yilapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala. Kumkhuhlane ovamile, lesi sikhathi sivame ukuba phakathi kwamahora ayi-12 nezinsuku ezi-3 .

❓ Kungani izingane ezincane zithola umkhuhlane kaningi?

Amasosha omzimba ezingane ezincane nezinsanaAbakavezwa kula magciwane. Imizimba yabo isafunda ukuqaphela nokulwa nala magciwane amasha. Ngakho-ke, bathola kalula izifo. Lapho beneminyaka engu-2, ingane ingangenwa umkhuhlane ongaba ngu-8-10 ngonyaka! Njengabantu abadala, sivezwa amagciwane amaningi omkhuhlane, ngakho-ke uma kuvela igciwane elifanayo, amasosha ethu omzimba angalibona futhi alilwe nalo ngokushesha. Esinye isizathu ukuthi izingane ezincane zisondelene kakhulu esikoleni, emakilasini, nalapho zidlala. Futhi, zivame ukungambozi imilomo yazo futhi zithimule ngezandla zazo, zivame ukuthinta imilomo yazo, impumulo, namehlo ngezandla zazo, futhi azigezi izandla zazo kaningi. Lokhu kwenza igciwane lisabalale kalula. Igciwane lomkhuhlane lingaphila ezindaweni ezifana namathoyizi nezincwadi amahora amaningana. Izingane zingalithola kalula lesi sifo uma zithatha ithoyizi elithinte ezinye izingane futhi zilifake emlonyeni wazo.

🩺 Ukuxilongwa Nokuhlolwa

❓ Udokotela uwuthola kanjani umkhuhlane?

Udokotela uvame ukunquma ukuthi unesifo somkhuhlane yini ngokukubuza ngezimpawu zakho bese ekwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, bangase babheke izinto ezifana nalezi:

• Ingabe ingaphakathi lamakhala liyavuvukala?
• Ingabe ikhala lakho livalekile?
• Ingabe umphimbo wakho uzwakala ubomvu futhi ubuhlungu?
• Ingabe ama-lymph node entanyeni avuvukele?
• Ingabe amaphaphu azwakala ejwayelekile? (Sula amaphaphu - qiniseka ukuthi awekho amaphaphu)

❓ Hlobo luni lokuhlolwa olwenzayo?

Esikhathini esiningi, umkhuhlane ungatholakala ngokusekelwe ezimpawini kanye nokuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Akukho ukuhlolwa okukhethekile okudingekayo. Kodwa-ke, uma udokotela wakho esola ukuthi une-COVID-19, umkhuhlane (umkhuhlane), noma esinye isimo, angase athathe ukuhlolwa kwe-nasal swab ukuze abone ukuthi unalo yini igciwane. I-X-ray yesifuba ingenziwa futhi uma kusolwa inkinga efana ne-bronchitis noma i-pneumonia.

💊 Ukuphathwa Nokwelashwa

❓ Ungawelapha kanjani umkhuhlane?

Lokhu kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu: akukho 'ikhambi' eliqondile lomkhuhlane ovamile.Lokho kusho ukuthi alikho ikhambi laleli gciwane. Okudingeka sikwenze ukuvumela ukugula kuphulukise ngokwako, kuyilapho silawula izimpawu futhi sigcina umzimba ukhululekile. Iningi lomkhuhlane liyaziqeda zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-7 kuya kweziyi-10 ngaphandle kokuba yingozi. Ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa imithi ethengwa ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela (OTC) kanye nokunakekelwa ekhaya.

❓ Kungani ama-antibiotic engakwazi ukwelapha umkhuhlane?

Yilapho abantu abaningi benza khona iphutha. Ama-antibiotic ayimithi yokwelapha izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Umkhuhlane ubangelwa amagciwane. Ngakho-ke, ukunikeza umuthi obulala amagciwane ukuze ubulale igciwane akusizi ngalutho. Ama-antibiotic awawelapha umkhuhlane, futhi awawenzi aphele ngokushesha. Ukusebenzisa ama-antibiotic ngokungadingekile kubulala amabhaktheriya amahle emzimbeni futhi kudala ukumelana nama-antibiotic. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi (ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane) umkhuhlane ungabangela izinkinga ezifana nokutheleleka kwendlebe noma i-pneumonia ebangelwa amagciwane. Ezimweni ezinjalo, udokotela angase anikeze ama-antibiotic ukwelapha ukutheleleka kwamagciwane.

❓ Yimiphi imithi esetshenziswa ukunciphisa izimpawu?

Kunemithi eminingi ethengiswa ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela (i-OTC) etholakalayo yokwelapha izimpawu zomkhuhlane. Kodwa-ke, eminye yayo ayifanele izingane ezincane. Njalo hlola nodokotela noma usokhemisi ngaphambi kokunikeza ingane noma yimuphi wale mithi. Futhi, ungaxubi futhi ufanise imithi ehloselwe izimpawu ezahlukene. Ukwenza kanjalo kungabangela ukuthi umzimba umunce izithako eziningi kakhulu futhi kubangele ezinye izinkinga zempilo (njengokulimala kwesibindi). Nansi eminye imithi engasiza ngezimpawu zomkhuhlane:

• Imithi yokuqeda ubuhlungu: I-Paracetamol (njenge-Panadol®, i-Calpol®) kanye ne-NSAID (njenge-ibuprofen - njenge-Brufen®) ingasiza ekunciphiseni ikhanda nomkhuhlane.
• Imithi Yokuqeda Ukuminyana Kwamakhala: Imithi equkethe i-pseudoephedrine (njenge-Sudafed®) ingasiza ekunciphiseni ukuminyana kwamakhala . (Le mithi ingase ingafaneleki kwabanye abantu, ikakhulukazi labo abanomfutho wegazi ophakeme, ngakho xhumana nodokotela wakho.) Kukhona futhi nemithi yokuqeda ukuminyana kwamakhala, kodwa akufanele isetshenziswe izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezimbalwa.
• Ama-antihistamine:I-Chlorpheniramine (njenge-Piriton®) kanye ne-diphenhydramine (njenge-Benadryl®) inganciphisa ukuthimula kanye nekhala eligobhozayo. Kodwa-ke, ingabangela ukozela.
• Izithibela ukukhwehlela: Imithi efana ne-dextromethorphan (etholakala kwamanye ama-syrup okukhwehlela) ingasiza ekulawuleni ukukhwehlela (lokhu ngokuvamile akukhuthazwa ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala).
• Ama-Expectorants: Imithi equkethe i-guaifenesin (njenge-Mucinex®) isiza ukukhulula ulwelwesi olujiyile esifubeni futhi kwenze kube lula ukukhwehlela.

❓ Ungawelapha kanjani umkhuhlane enganeni encane?

Okubaluleke kakhulu: Unganiki ingane yakho noma yimuphi umuthi wokukhwehlela noma womkhuhlane ngaphandle kokuthola iseluleko sikadokotela! Nazi ezinye izinto okufanele uzenze uma ingane yakho inomkhuhlane:

• Gcina ingane yakho ikhululekile: Mgqokise izingubo ezifudumele nezikhululekile.
• Nikeza uketshezi: Uma ingane yakho ingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala, qhubeka nokunikeza ubisi lwebele noma ubisi lwebhodlela. Uma ingane yakho ingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala, ungayinika namanzi ngamanani amancane.
• Vumela umntwana aphumule: Uma kunzima ngaye ukudlala, mvumele alale kahle futhi aphumule.
• Uma ikhala lakho livalekile: Iningi lezingane alikwazi ukusula ikhala lazo zodwa kuze kube yilapho sezineminyaka engaba ngu-4 ubudala. Ngakho-ke lezi zindlela zingasiza:
  • Usawoti kanye nokumunca: Cishe imizuzu eyi-15 ngaphambi kokudla, faka amaconsi ambalwa kasawoti (amanzi anosawoti) avela ekhemisi emakhaleni engane yakho ukuze ukhulule ulwelwesi. Bese usebenzisa i-bulb yerabha noma idivayisi yokumunca ngomlomo ukuze ususe ngobumnene uketshezi kanye nolwelwesi emakhaleni engane. Lokhu kuzokwenza kube lula ngengane yakho ukuphefumula.
  • Ijeli likaphethiloli: Faka ijeli likaphethiloli elincane ngaphandle (ngaphansi) kwamakhala engane yakho. Indawo ingase ibe bomvu futhi yome ngenxa yokuphefumula njalo ekhaleni. Kodwa ungayifaki ngaphakathi kwamakhala. (Ungayisebenzisi i-nasal sprays ngaphandle kokuthi udokotela wakho akutshele ukuthi wenze kanjalo, ngoba ingenza isimo sibe sibi kakhulu.)
  • I-humidifier noma i-vaporizer:Sebenzisa i-humidifier ukuze wengeze umswakama emoyeni ekamelweni lengane yakho. Lokhu kuzonciphisa ukoma kwekhala nomphimbo. Kodwa qiniseka ukuthi uyihlanza futhi uyomise kahle ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, amabhaktheriya nesikhunta kunganqwabelana kuyo futhi kubangele izifo ezengeziwe. Hlola ukuthi isihlungi sidinga ukushintshwa yini. Ungasebenzisi i-vaporizer ekhiqiza umusi oshisayo, njengoba ingabangela ukusha.
  • Ukushisa: Uma ungenayo i-humidifier, vula amanzi ashisayo endlini yokugezela, uvale umnyango, bese uthatha ingane yakho nihlale ekamelweni elinomusi cishe imizuzu eyi-15. (Ungayishiyi ingane yodwa.) Ukunikeza ingane yakho ukugeza okushisayo nakho kungasiza.

Uma ingane yakho ingenazo izinhlungu, yivumele idlale futhi isebenze ngendlela evamile. Uma inomkhuhlane noma ezinye izinkinga, kungcono ukuyigcina ekhaya.

🛡️ Ungakuvimbela kanjani? (Ukuvimbela)

Nakuba singenakukwazi ukuvimbela ngokuphelele umkhuhlane, kunezinto eziningi esingazenza ukuze sinciphise ingozi yethu:

❓ Izinto esingazenza ukuvimbela umkhuhlane

• Geza izandla zakho njalo: Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi okungenani imizuzwana engama-20. Ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokudla, ngaphambi kokulungisa ukudla, ngemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, ngemva kokushaya ikhala, nangemva kokuthinta umuntu onomkhuhlane.
• Gwema ukuthinta ubuso bakho: Igciwane lidluliselwa ngokuthinta ikhala lakho, umlomo, namehlo ngezandla ezingcolile. Yehlisa lowo mkhuba.
• Hlanza izindawo ezithintwa njalo: Izibambo zeminyango, izinkinobho zokukhanyisa, amafoni, kanye namakhibhodi kungaba negciwane. Zisule njalo.
• Sebenzisa i-sanitizer yezandla: Uma insipho namanzi kungatholakali, sebenzisa i-sanitizer yezandla equkethe utshwala (okungenani u-60%).
• Qinisa amasosha omzimba wakho: Lala ngokwanele, udle ukudla okunempilo (imifino, izithelo), futhi uvivinye umzimba. Lokhu kuzolungiselela umzimba wakho ukumelana nezifo.
• Hlala ekhaya uma ugula: Uma unomkhuhlane, hlala ekhaya uphumule ukuze ugweme ukuthelela abanye.

❓ Ungazivikela kanjani izingane ezincane emakhazeni?

• Hlala kude nabantu abagulayo:Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukungathumeli ingane yakho kubantu abanomkhuhlane. Gcina ingane yakho ekhaya ngangokunokwenzeka. Okuwumkhuhlane ojwayelekile kumuntu omdala kungaba yinto embi enganeni.
• Ukugeza izandla: Abantu abadala abaseduze nezingane kufanele bahlanze izandla zabo kahle ngemva kokukhwehlela, ukuthimula, noma ukushaya ikhala. Geza nezandla zakho ngemva kokuthinta umuntu one-mucus. Ngemva kokusula ikhala lengane yakho, geza izandla zakho kanye nezengane yakho.
• Gcina amathoyizi ehlanzekile: Hlanza amathoyizi njalo. Ikakhulukazi, ungabelani ngamathoyizi afakwa yizingane emilonyeni yazo nabanye.
• Isihlanzi: Uma insipho namanzi kungatholakali, sebenzisa izisuli ezimanzi noma isihlanzi. (Gcina amabhodlela esihlanzi kude nezingane, ngoba ayingozi uma egwinywa.)
• Ukugoma: Thola yonke imijovo yengane yakho eneminyaka efanele. Nakuba ingavimbeli imikhuhlane, ingasiza ekuvimbeleni izinkinga ezifana nokutheleleka kwendlebe noma kwamaphaphu okungavela ngenxa yomkhuhlane. Umuthi wokugoma womkhuhlane waminyaka yonke unconywa ezinganeni ezingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala. Umuthi wokugoma we-COVID-19 uyatholakala nakwabaneminyaka eyisithupha ubudala.

✅ Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama? (I-Outlook / Ukubikezela)

❓ Umkhuhlane uhlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Imikhuhlane eminingi iziphelela yodwa zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-7 kuya kweziyi-10, kanti izimpawu ziyancipha kancane kancane.

❓ Ingabe umkhuhlane ungabulala?

Ngokuvamile, umkhuhlane awusona isifo esisongela ukuphila komuntu ophilile. Kodwa-ke, kubantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka (isib., abantu abanegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, iziguli ezinomdlavuza, abantu abathola ukufakelwa izitho zomzimba), abantu abanezifo zokuphefumula ezifana ne-asthma, izingane ezincane kakhulu, noma asebekhulile, umkhuhlane ungabangela ezinye izinkinga ezinkulu. Izinkinga ezinjalo (njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, i-sinusitis, izifo zendlebe, i-pneumonia) zingaba yingozi empilweni uma zinzima.

🏠 Wenzani uma ungenwa umkhuhlane? (Ukuphila Nokuzinakekela)

❓ Yiziphi izindlela zokuzinakekela ezingcono kakhulu?

Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza uma unomkhuhlane yile:

1. Nethezeka:Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphumula umzimba wakho. Uma kungenzeka, hlala ekhaya izinsuku ezimbalwa ungayanga emsebenzini noma esikoleni. Lokhu ngeke kukunike ithuba lokuphumula nje kuphela, kodwa kuzokuvimbela nasekusabalaliseni lesi sifo kwabanye.
2. Phuza uketshezi: Ukuze ugweme ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, phuza amanzi amaningi, amasobho, iphalishi, kanye namajusi ezithelo (angenashukela omningi). Lokhu kuzogcina ikhala lakho nomphimbo wakho kumanzi, okuzosiza ukukhipha amanzi emathunjini. Gwema iziphuzo eziqukethe utshwala kanye ne-caffeine (itiye, ikhofi), njengoba zingakubangela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.

Mayelana namavithamini nezinye izinto: Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ukuthi izinto ezifana ne-zinc, i-vitamin C, kanye ne-echinacea zingavimbela noma zelaphe umkhuhlane. Kodwa abukho ubufakazi besayensi bokuthi lokhu kungavimbela umkhuhlane. Nakuba ezinye izifundo ziphakamisa ukuthi ukuthatha i-zinc kunganciphisa isikhathi sokugula futhi kunciphise izimpawu, kudingeka ukuqinisekiswa okwengeziwe. Futhi, izifutho zamakhala eziqukethe i-zinc kufanele zigwenywe njengoba zinganciphisa unomphela umuzwa wakho wokuhogela. Ukuthatha i-vitamin C ngeke kuvimbele umkhuhlane, kodwa kunganciphisa isikhathi sezimpawu. Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukudla ukudla okulinganiselayo.

❓ Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela? (Abantu abadala)

Bona udokotela uma unalezi zimpawu:

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu (ngaphezu kuka-102°F / 38.9°C)
• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu bendlebe
• Ukuphefumula okunzima noma ukuba nzima
• Izimpawu zihlala izinsuku ezingaphezu kwe-10 noma zibe zimbi kakhulu
• Umkhuhlane uyabuya

❓ Ingane yami inomkhuhlane, kufanele ngiye nini kudokotela?

Uma ingane yakho inalezi zimpawu, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha noma uye esibhedlela esiseduze:

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu (umkhuhlane ongaphezu kuka-100.4°F / 38°C, ikakhulukazi uma ingane ingaphansi kwezinyanga ezintathu ubudala)
• Uma uyeka ukudla nokuphuza ngokuphelele
• Uma uhlanza
• Uma uzizwa sengathi unesifo sendlebe noma isisu
• Uma ukhala kakhulu kunokujwayelekile
• Uma uzizwa ulele kakhulu kunokujwayelekile
• Uma uphefumula ngomsindo wokukhala (ukuphefumula ngomsindo wokukhala)
• Uma unenkinga yokuphefumula

❓ Imibuzo Evamile Eyengeziwe

❓ Ingabe ukubanjwa umkhuhlane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kuyakuthinta ukukhulelwa?

Ukuthola umkhuhlane ovamile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngokuvamile akuyona ingozi. Kodwa-ke, kufanele uqaphele kakhulu ngemithi oyithathayo yezimpawu zakho. Imithi eminingi ye-OTC ayifaneleki phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ubuze udokotela wakho (udokotela wezifo zabesifazane/udokotela wezifo zabesifazane) ukuthi yimiphi imithi ephephile. Uma ucabanga ukuthi une-influenza (flu) noma unomkhuhlane, yazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha. Ungadinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo.

❓ Kungani kuba nomkhuhlane omningi ebusika (ngesikhathi semvula eSri Lanka)?

Nakuba umkhuhlane ungavela nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, uvame kakhulu ngesikhathi sezulu esibandayo (njengobusika emazweni aseNtshonalanga kanye nenkathi yemvula eSri Lanka). Esinye isizathu ukuthi phakathi nalezi zikhathi, abantu bavame ukuvalelwa kakhulu ezindaweni zangaphakathi njengezindlu, amahhovisi, kanye namakilasi, kunokuba bangene ngaphandle. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuthi igciwane lisabalale. Ucwaningo lwamuva nje (olusebenzisa amagundane) luthole ukuthi lapho umoya obandayo wehlisa izinga lokushisa lekhala, amasosha omzimba awakwazi ukuvimba ukukhula kwama-rhinovirus. Nakuba kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe ukuze kutholakale ukuthi lokhu kusebenza nakubantu, kungenzeka ukuthi isimo sezulu esibandayo singaba nomphumela ongaqondile.

❓ Uyini umehluko phakathi komkhuhlane kanye ne-COVID-19?

Ama-Coronavirus ayiqembu lamagciwane. Njenge-coronavirus ebangela umkhuhlane ovamile, i-coronavirus entsha (SARS-CoV-2) eyavela ngo-2019 ibangela i-COVID-19. Nakuba zombili zithinta uhlelo lokuphefumula, i-COVID-19 ingathinta amaphaphu futhi ibangele izimo ezinzima kakhulu njenge-pneumonia. Izimpawu zokuqala ze-COVID-19 zifaka phakathi umkhuhlane, ukubanda, ukuphelelwa umoya, ukulahlekelwa yiphunga noma ukunambitha, kanye nesifo sohudo . Lezi zazingavamile kakhulu emkhuhlaneni ovamile. Kodwa-ke, izimpawu ze-COVID-19 ezibangelwa uhlobo lwe-Omicron lwakamuva zifana kakhulu nomkhuhlane ovamile. Ngakho-ke, kungaba nzima ukuzihlukanisa. I-Omicron inezimpawu ezifana nekhala eligobhozayo, ukukhwehlela, umphimbo obuhlungu, ikhanda elibuhlungu, kanye nokuminyana kwamakhala . Ngakho-ke, uma kukhona ukungabaza, kuwukuhlakanipha ukuhlolelwa i-COVID-19.

❓ Uyini umehluko phakathi komkhuhlane kanye nomkhuhlane (i-Flu)?

Izimpawu zazo zombili zifana kakhulu, ngakho-ke kulula ukuzidida. Zombili zivame ngesikhathi sasebusika/sezinkathi zemvula futhi zithinta uhlelo lokuphefumula oluphezulu. Kodwa zibangelwa izinhlobo ezimbili ezahlukene zamagciwane. Umkhuhlane ovamile ubangelwa inhlanganisela yamagciwane angaba ngu-200, okuhlanganisa nama-rhinovirus. Umkhuhlane ubangelwa yigciwane lomkhuhlane lodwa. Umehluko omkhulu ukuthi uma uthola umkhuhlane, uvame ukuba nomkhuhlane ophezulu, ukubanda, ubuhlungu bomzimba, kanye nokukhathala. Abantu abadala abavamile ukuthola umkhuhlane ngokukhwehlela okuvamile, kodwa umkhuhlane unamathuba amaningi okuba nomkhuhlane ngokukhwehlela (izingane ezincane zingathola umkhuhlane ngokukhwehlela). Izimpawu zomkhuhlane zivame ukuba zimbi kakhulu kunomkhuhlane. Nakuba zombili zingabangela izinkinga, izinkinga ezibangelwa umkhuhlane (njenge-pneumonia) ngezinye izikhathi zingaba yingozi empilweni.

❓ Uyini umehluko phakathi komkhuhlane ovamile kanye nomkhuhlane wesifuba/i-bronchitis ebukhali?

"Umkhuhlane Wesifuba" noma i-Acute Bronchitis ukuvuvukala (ukucasuka) kanye nokuqongelela kwe-mucus emapayipini e-bronchial okuholela emaphashini. Lesi simo senzeka lapho igciwane lomkhuhlane elivamile lisuka ekhaleni, emphinjeni nasemaphashini. (Lingabangelwa namagciwane.) Njengoba kunjalo ngomkhuhlane ojwayelekile, umkhuhlane wesifuba ungabangela nokukhwehlela. Kodwa-ke, umkhuhlane wesifuba 'ukukhwehlela okumanzi', okusho ukuthi i-mucus ikhiqizwa uma ukhwehlela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungase ube nezimpawu ezifana nokukhwehlela okukhulu okukugcina uphapheme ebusuku, ubunzima bokuphefumula, kanye nobuhlungu besifuba.

✍️ Ekugcineni

Umkhuhlane uyinkinga evamile, kodwa ngokuvamile engenangozi, ephela ngokwayo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukuphumula nokuphuza uketshezi oluningi. Nakuba kunemithi etholakala ngaphandle kwemithi engasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu, ama-antibiotic awasebenzi. Kufanele uqaphele kakhulu lapho unikeza izingane ezincane imithi. Kungumsebenzi wethu futhi ukuqapha ukuthi singatheleli abanye uma sigula. Uma kungekho ngcono ngemva kwezinsuku eziyi-10 noma izimpawu zinzima, qiniseka ukuthi ufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha. Hlala uphilile!