Ake sifunde kabanzi ngokuhlolwa kwamehlo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvikela amehlo akho!

Wake wahlolwa amehlo? Abanye abantu bangase bacabange ukuthi lokhu kuyadingeka kuphela kubantu abagqoka izibuko. Kodwa empeleni, lokhu kuhlolwa kubaluleke kakhulu kuwo wonke umuntu ukuze azi kahle ukuthi umbono wethu kanye nempilo yethu injani. Uma unezimo ezithile ezingamahlalakhona, kungadingeka ukuthi uhlolwe amehlo akho kaningi.

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwamehlo? Kalula nje...

Kalula nje, ukuhlolwa kwamehlo kuyinqubo lapho uchwepheshe wezempilo yamehlo ehlola khona ukubona kwakho, ukuzwa, kanye nempilo yamehlo. Lokhu ukuhlolwa okungenabuhlungu. Kungabona ngisho nezinguquko ezincane emehlweni akho kusenesikhathi. Lokhu kungenza kube lula ukuzelapha ngaphambi kokuba zibe yinkinga enkulu.

Ubani owenza lezi zivivinyo zamehlo?

Kuhle ukwazi ukuthi akuzona zonke izivivinyo zamehlo ezifanayo. Ezinye zenziwa ngezinjongo ezithile, kanti ezinye ziyizivivinyo ezijwayelekile. Futhi, kukhona ochwepheshe abaningana abenza lezi zivivinyo:

• Odokotela bamehlo: Laba ngabantu abaneziqu zobudokotela (`MD - Medical Doctor` noma `DO - Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine`), okusho ukuthi ngaphezu kweminyaka emine yemfundo yesikole sezokwelapha, bathole eminye iminyaka emine yokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile (ukuhlala) ezifweni zamehlo. Abanye benza ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe (`fellowships`) ezindaweni ezikhethekile nakakhulu. Yibo abavame ukwenza 'ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo'.
• Odokotela bamehlo: Bafunda i-optometry iminyaka emine futhi bathola iziqu zobuDokotela be-Optometry (OD). Abanye baphinde benze ukuqeqeshwa konyaka wokufunda ukuhlala. Bangakwazi ukuxilonga nokwelapha zonke izinhlobo zezifo zamehlo. Kodwa-ke, abakwazi ukwenza ukuhlinzwa.
• Odokotela bamehlo: Laba futhi bangochwepheshe bokunakekelwa kwamehlo, kodwa abahloli amehlo akho. Bakusiza ukuthi ukhethe izibuko ezifanele wena, balinganise ikhanda lakho namehlo akho, futhi balungise izibuko zakho. Kunezinto eziningi abazenzayo ezifaka isandla ekuhlolweni kwamehlo akho.

Cabanga nje, kufana nokuya kudokotela ojwayelekile uma unomkhuhlane, kodwa uma unenkinga yamehlo, udinga ukuya kulaba ochwepheshe.

Yiziphi lezi zinhlobo zokuhlolwa kwamehlo?

Enye indlela yokuhlukanisa izivivinyo zamehlo iwukuba uzitholele injongo yokuzihlola.

• Ukuhlolwa okuvamile/Okuvamile: Lokhu kwenziwa kwamehlo, njengokuhlolwa komzimba kwaminyaka yonke. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa kubantu abangenaso isifo samehlo noma abadinga izibuko kuphela ukuze balungise umbono wabo.
• Ukuhlolwa kokulandelela: Lokhu ukuhlolwa okukhethekile. Lokhu kungenziwa ukuhlola isimo ngemuva kwengozi yamehlo noma ukuhlinzwa kwangaphambilini. Futhi, abantu abanezifo ezingamahlalakhona njengesifo sikashukela noma i-macular degeneration bavame ukudinga ukuhlolwa kokulandelela.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha/okuphuthumayo: Lokhu kwenziwa uma kukhona okusolakala ukuthi kunenkinga ngokubona kwakho, ikakhulukazi esimweni esiphuthumayo. Isibonelo, ukulimala kwamehlo, ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo, ukulimala ekhanda, njll.

Yini efunwayo ekuhlolweni kwamehlo? Yiziphi izingxenye ezifakiwe?

Kunezingxenye eziyinhloko ezingaba ngu-13 zokuhlolwa kwamehlo okuphelele, noma "okuphelele". Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini.

Okokuqala, kunezingxenye eziyisikhombisa ezibheka indlela amehlo akho asebenza ngayo nokuthi abonakala kanjani ngaphandle:

1. Ubukhali bokubona: Lokhu kulinganisa ukuthi ubona kahle kangakanani. Lokhu kuvame ukukalwa kusetshenziswa ishadi le-Snellen . Wake walibona ishadi odongeni elinohlamvu olukhulu phezulu kanye nezinhlamvu ezincane njengoba wehla? Yilokho okuyikho.

2. Izinkambu ezibonakalayo: Lokhu kulinganisa ukuthi iso ngalinye lingayibona kahle kangakanani ingxenye ngayinye yenkambu yakho yokubona. Lokhu kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi kukhona yini izindawo ezingaboni.

3. Ukunyakaza nokuqondanisa: Lokhu kuhlola ukuthi amehlo akho aqondene kahle yini nokuthi angahamba kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ngaphandle kokuhambisa ikhanda lakho. Udokotela uzohlola iso elilodwa namehlo womabili ndawonye.

4. I-Conjunctiva: Lena ulwelwesi oluncane nolucacile olumboza ingxenye emhlophe yeso lakho (i-'sclera') kanye nengaphakathi leso lakho. Udokotela uzokuhlola lokhu.

5. Izicubu zangaphandle ezizungezile (i-Ocular adnexa): Lokhu kufaka phakathi inhlamvu yeso nezinye izingxenye zeso lakho nobuso. Udokotela uzohlola ukuze abone ukuthi lezi zingxenye, njengezinkophe zakho, imisele yokudabuka, kanye nama-lymph node aphambi kwezindlebe zakho, zisebenza kahle yini.

6. Umfundi kanye ne-iris: Umfundi yingxenye emnyama, eyindilinga phakathi kweso lakho. I-iris iyindandatho eyizungezile enikeza amehlo akho umbala wawo. Udokotela uzobheka ukuthi umfundi usabela kanjani ekukhanyeni ('i-pupillary reflexes').

7. Ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kweso: Lokhu kulinganisa ukucindezeleka koketshezi olungaphakathi kweso lakho ngokufutha umoya kulo. Uma ukucindezeleka kuphezulu, kungaba uphawu lwesimo esifana ne-glaucoma.

Okulandelayo, uchwepheshe wamehlo uzohlola izingxenye ezinhlanu zeso esebenzisa ithuluzi elikhethekile elibizwa ngokuthi isibani esinqunyiwe . Lokhu kunokukhanya kanye nelensi yokukhulisa. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ubone kahle ngaphakathi kweso. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kuhlolwa kungenziwa ngemithi noma ngaphandle kwayo ukuze kwandiswe amehlo akho.

8. I-Cornea: Lokhu kufana nengaphambili leso lakho. Udokotela wakho angahlola ukuthi lisesimweni esihle yini ngokulibheka ngesibani esivulekile.

9. Igumbi elingaphambili:Leli gumbi elingaphambili kweso liqukethe i-aqueous humor , iris, kanye nelensi. Lokhu kungabonakala ngokucacile futhi kusondele ngesibani esivulekile. Lokhu kungasiza ekuboneni izinguquko ezimweni ezifana ne -angle-closure glaucoma . Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ingcindezi ku-aqueous humor ikhuphuka, okuvimbela uketshezi ukuthi luhambe noma luphume kahle.

10. Ilensi: Udokotela uzohlola ukucaca kanye nesakhiwo selensi.

11. I-optic nerve: Udokotela uzobheka i-optic disc (lapho i-optic nerve ixhumana khona ne-eyeball) kanye ne-optic cup (indawo efana nesitsha esiphakathi kwe-disc) . Bazobheka ne-cup-to-disk ratio. Uma lesi silinganiso siphansi, kungaba khona ingozi yokuthuthukisa izimo ezifana ne -ischemic optic neuropathy .

12. I-Retina: Isibani esivulekile sivumela udokotela ukuthi abheke eduze lolu ngqimba oluzwela ukukhanya ngemuva kweso lakho. Uzohlola imibimbi, ukushintsha kombala, noma umonakalo.

Kungani ubuza izinto ezinjengokuthi ukuphi nokuthi isikhathi sini?

13. Ukujwayela isikhathi, indawo kanye nomuntu: Lesi sigaba se-13 sibheka ukuthi ubuchopho bakho busebenza kahle kangakanani. Lokhu akuyona ingxenye yazo zonke izivivinyo zamehlo, kodwa kungabaluleka kakhulu kwezinye izimo. Ezimweni eziningi, udokotela angakuhlola lokhu ngemva kokukhuluma nawe.

• Ukuqondiswa kwesikhathi: Uyazi ukuthi yisiphi isikhathi nokuthi yisiphi usuku?
• Ukujwayela indawo: Uyazi ukuthi ukuphi nokuthi wenzani?
• Ukuqondiswa komuntu: Uyalazi igama lakho nemininingwane ngawe?

Nakuba le mibuzo ingase ibonakale ingavamile ekuhlolweni kwamehlo, ngezinye izikhathi kubalulekile ukuyibuza, ngoba ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu zamehlo zinganikeza nezinkomba mayelana nezinkinga zobuchopho.

Ingabe udinga ukulungiselela ngaphambi kokuyohlolwa amehlo?

Ngokuvamile, asikho isidingo sokulungiselela okuningi ukuhlolwa kwaminyaka yonke noma okulandelayo. Kufana nje nokuya kokuhlolwa kwaminyaka yonke, ungangena, uqede ukuhlolwa, bese ubuyela emisebenzini yakho yansuku zonke.

Kodwa, kukhona into eyodwa okufanele uyenze. Letha uhlu oluphelele lwazo zonke izidakamizwa, amavithamini, kanye nezithasiselo ozithathayo. Kubalulekile ukuthi udokotela wakho wamehlo akwazi lokhu njengengxenye yokuhlolwa, noma ngabe uzithatha ngezizathu ezingahlobene namehlo akho. Futhi, letha izibuko zakho zamanje, amalensi okuxhumana, kanye nanoma yimiphi imithi kadokotela yangaphambilini.

Yini ongayilindela ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa?

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwamehlo, udokotela wakho wamehlo uzokubuza imibuzo mayelana nokubona kwakho, noma yiziphi izinguquko noma izinkinga ozibonile muva nje, kanye nanoma yiziphi izehlakalo zezokwelapha noma izinguquko empilweni yakho. Ngemuva kwalokho, bazokwenza izivivinyo eziningana ezibalwe ngenhla. Bangase batuse nezinye izivivinyo kuye ngesimo sakho. Udokotela wakho wamehlo uzokutshela okwengeziwe ngalezi zivivinyo ezengeziwe.

Ukwandisa amehlo akho kwenza kube lula ngochwepheshe wamehlo ukubona ngaphakathi kweso lakho. Udokotela usebenzisa imithi yokukhulula imisipha yeso lakho okwesikhashana. Lokhu kuyayiphumuza bese eyivula. Bangabheka ngaphakathi kweso lakho babone ukuthi kukhona yini izinkinga ezingase zingabonakali ngenye indlela.

Uma unephutha lokubona ngamehlo futhi udinga izibuko, uchwepheshe wakho wamehlo uzolinganisa iphutha elisesweni lakho ngalinye. Bangabhala incwadi kadokotela yezibuko ezolungisa iphutha. Uma udinga ukugqoka amalensi okuxhumana, bangathatha nezilinganiso ezikhethekile zama-eyeball akho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ayalingana.

Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlolwa?

Ngemva kokuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile, udokotela wakho wamehlo uzochaza ukuthi bathole ini nokuthi kukuthinta kanjani. Uma bethola ukuthi udinga izibuko, bazokunikeza ikhophi yephepha noma yedijithali yencwadi yakho kadokotela. Ngokomthetho, kumele bakunike ikhophi, noma ngabe awufuni. Kwamanye amazwe, umthetho udinga ngisho nokuthi ibanga lakho lengane, okuyibanga eliphakathi kwamehlo akho amnyama lapho uthenga izibuko ku-inthanethi, lifakwe encwadini yakho kadokotela. Nakuba izindawo eziningi zingadingi lokho kulinganiswa, abanye odokotela bazokunikeza uma ucela.

Okubalulekile: Uma i-cornea yakho ivulekile, ungase ube nobunzima bokubona izinto eziseduze - njengefoni yakho, isikrini sekhompyutha, noma izincwadi - ngokucacile isikhashana ngemva kokuhlolwa. Izibani, ukukhanya kwelanga, ngisho nokukhanya okuvela ezikrinini zedivayisi kungabangela ukungakhululeki nobuhlungu.

Ungaletha izibuko zelanga bese uzigqoka ngemva kokuhlolwa. Lokho kuzosiza kancane. Ngezinye izikhathi ihhovisi likadokotela lizokunikeza imibala yesikhashana noma izembozo zokufaka phezu kwezibuko zakho. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangase bangakwazi ukubona kahle ngokwanele ukushayela ngemva kokuvula amehlo abo, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuba nomuntu ozohamba nawe noma ozohamba nawe.

Ingabe kukhona izingozi noma imiphumela emibi evela ekuhlolweni kwamehlo?

Ingxenye eyodwa kuphela yokuhlolwa kwamehlo engabangela ingozi noma imiphumela emibi umuthi osetshenziselwa ukwandisa iso lakho elimnyama. Ungase ube nemiphumela emibi uma une-allergy kulo. Izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kuye ngomuthi, kodwa azivamile futhi ngokuvamile zincane. Uma uke waba nokusabela kulo muthi ngaphambili, tshela udokotela wakho wamehlo. Bangase bakwazi ukuncoma enye indlela.

Iyini imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwamehlo? Isitshelani?

Udokotela wakho wamehlo uzokutshela ukuthi bathole ini, kungaba ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa noma ngemva kokuphela. Bazoncoma ukwelashwa kanye nokuhlolwa okwengeziwe. Uma udinga izibuko, bazobhala nencwadi kadokotela.

Kufanele ngishayele nini udokotela wamehlo?

Khuluma nodokotela wakho wamehlo ngokushesha nje lapho ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko embonweni wakho, ikakhulukazi uma zenzeka kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ubunzima bokufunda umbhalo omncane noma umbhalo, ukwehla kombono wombala, ukufiphaza amehlo, ukukhathala kwamehlo, noma ikhanda elibuhlungu ekupheleni kosuku.

Isimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo, okungalindelekile, kungaba ngeso elilodwa noma zombili, noma ingxenye noma lonke. Ezinye zezimo ezibangela lokhu zingaholela ekulahlekelweni umbono unomphela. Ezinye zazo zingaba yingozi empilweni. Ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo kungaba:

• Umbono ofiphele noma onyamalalayo.
• Ubumnyama.
• Umuzwa wekhethini elimnyama elimboza ingxenye noma wonke umbono emehlweni elilodwa noma womabili.
• Ukuzizwa sengathi izibani ezikhanyayo noma ukukhanya okukhanyayo kuvimbela kancane noma ngokuphelele ukubona.

Ezinye izimo, njenge -migraines, zingabangela ukulahlekelwa umbono okwesikhashana. Uma unesifo esingabangela ukulahlekelwa umbono okwesikhashana, khuluma nochwepheshe wamehlo noma udokotela. Bangakutshela ukuthi wenzeni uma ulahlekelwa umbono nokuthi ungazi kanjani uma udinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo.

Kufanele ngihlolwe amehlo kangaki?

Iningi labantu kufanele lihlolwe amehlo ngokuphelele njalo ngonyaka noma emibili . Ngisho noma ubona kahle , kuwumqondo omuhle ukuhlolwa amehlo. Njengoba nje ukuhlolwa kwaminyaka yonke kungathinta izifo ezingabangeli zimpawu, ukuhlolwa kwamehlo kungathinta impilo kanye nezinkinga zamehlo ongaziboni noma ongazizwa.

Abantu abasengozini enkulu yokuthola izifo zamehlo noma izinkinga zokubona kungadingeka bahlolwe amehlo kaningi. Kungadingeka futhi ukuthi uhlolwe amehlo kaningi, njengalokhu:

• Uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60 ubudala.
• Uma ungowokudabuka kwabansundu noma abaseSpain.
• Uma ukhuluphele noma ukhuluphele kakhulu (okungukuthi, uma i-BMI yakho - Inkomba Yobunzima Bomzimba ingu-30 noma ngaphezulu).
• Uma unesifo sempilo, njengesifo sikashukela , esingabangela izinkinga zamehlo noma ukulahlekelwa umbono.
• Uma kukhona emndenini wakho onomlando wesifo samehlo.
• Uma ugqoka izibuko noma ama-contact lens.
• Uma uke wahlinzwa amehlo ngaphambilini, walimala iso, noma walimala amehlo ngaphambilini ngenxa yezifo ezifana nohlangothi .

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo kuyinto ongayenza njalo, njengokuhlolwa kwamehlo akho minyaka yonke. Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo kungasiza futhi ekutholeni izimpawu zokuqala zesifo samehlo nobuchopho.

Ungase ucabange ukuthi awudingi ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo (ikakhulukazi uma ungazigqoki izibuko noma ama-contact lens), kodwa kusengumqondo omuhle ukuzihlola. Ngokuhlolwa, ungathola izinkinga ngaphambi kokuba ube nezimpawu. Ngemuva kwalokho, ungabona kangcono futhi uhlale uphilile, esikhundleni sokuba kubi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ungakhohlwa ukunakekela amehlo akho!

Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo , impilo yamehlo, umbono, udokotela wamehlo, udokotela wamehlo, i-glaucoma, izibuko