Ingabe iso lakho lingahlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi? (Ukuhlaselwa Yiso / Ukuvaleka Kwemithambo Ye-Retinal) Ake sithole ukuthi kuyini ngempela lokhu!

Wake walahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo kwelinye iso, njengokucinywa kokukhanya? Noma wake waba nezinto ezincane ezintanta phambi kwamehlo akho, noma wabona izibani? Kungenzeka ukuthi awuzange ukunake kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kungaba uphawu lokuhlaselwa yiso . Lesi yisimo esibucayi esidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuphuthumayo. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe namuhla, ngoba kubaluleke kakhulu ukukuqaphela.

Kuyini ngempela 'ukushaywa yiso'?

Kalula nje, 'isifo sohlangothi esweni' ukuvaleka okungazelelwe komthambo wegazi, umthambo wegazi ohambisa igazi kwi-retina engaphakathi kweso lethu. Ngokwezokwelapha, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'i-Retinal Artery Occlusion' . 'I-Occlusion' isho ukuvaleka. Njengoba nje ipayipi lamanzi livalekile, amanzi ayayeka ukugeleza, lapho lo mthambo omncane othwala igazi esweni uvalekile, iso alitholi umoya-mpilo kanye nokudla okudingakalayo. Lokhu kuvaleka kuvame ukubangelwa ukuvaleka kwegazi .

Manje ungase uzibuze ukuthi iyini le retina. I-retina ifana nefilimu ekhamera. Uma ukukhanya kushaya iso, kudala isithombe bese kuthumela umlayezo ebuchosheni. Ngakho-ke uma ukugeleza kwegazi kule ndawo kuyeka, kusho ukuthi amangqamuzana e-retina aqala ukulimala, futhi umbono wethu uyathinteka ngokushesha.

Ngokufanayo, umthambo ohambisa igazi kwi-retina ungavaleka. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'i-Retinal Vein Occlusion' . Lesi futhi yisimo esithinta ukubona.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi lesi 'sifo samehlo' (i-Retinal Artery Occlusion) siyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukufuna ukwelashwa ngokushesha nje lapho kuvela izimpawu.

Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo zalokhu? Uzihlukanisa kanjani?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo eziningana zalesi sifo esithinta iso, okungukuthi, ukuvaleka kwemithambo ye-retinal, kuye ngokuthi ukuvaleka kwenzeka kuphi. Kufana nomuthi onezinhlayiya ezincane esiqwini sawo, emagatsheni, nasemalungeni.

• Ukuvalelwa Kwemithambo Ye-Retina Ephakathi (i-CRAO): Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Njengesiqu somuthi, luhilela ukuvaleka komthambo oyinhloko ohlinzeka ngegazi esweni. Lokhu kungathinta lonke iso, okusho ukuthi ungase ulahlekelwe umbono wakho ngokuphelele.
• Ukuvaleka Kwemithambo Ye-Retinal Yegatsha (i-BRAO): Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umthambo omncane, njengegatsha elisuka emthanjeni oyinhloko, uvaleka. Kufana negatsha esihlahleni. Ingxenye yeso kuphela ethintekayo. Ingxenye kuphela yokubona engase ilahleke.
• Ukuvaleka Kwemithambo Ye-Twig Retinal: Lona umthambo wegazi omncane kakhulu, ofana negatsha ovalekile. Umphumela ukhawulelwe endaweni encane kakhulu.

Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kungasebenza nasekuvalweni kwemithambo yegazi.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

Ukuvaleka kwemithambo ye-retinal empeleni kuyisimo esingavamile. Ngokwezibalo, kulinganiselwa ukuthi lesi simo senzeka kubantu oyedwa noma ababili kubantu abayi-100,000 ngonyaka. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka kunoma ubani, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu.

Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu? Sikubona kanjani?

Esikhathini esiningi, akukho ubuhlungu bamehlo kulesi simo. Yilokhu okudukisa abantu abaningi. Uphawu oluyinhloko nolokuqala ukulahlekelwa noma ukushintsha kokubona ngokuzumayo kwelinye iso . Lezi zinguquko zingenzeka ngalunye ngalunye:

• Ama-floaters, amachashazi amancane amnyama, nezinto ezifana nenethi ezintanta phambi kwamehlo, kanye nokukhanya okungazelelwe.
• Umbono Ofiphele.
• Amabala angaboni noma ubumnyama obuphelele phambi kwamehlo.
• Izinguquko embonweni ziqala kancane ekuqaleni futhi kancane kancane zanda ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuthinta iso elilodwa kuphela. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, ungazinaki. Bonana nodokotela ngokushesha.

Kungani lokhu kwenzeka kithi? Yiziphi izizathu zalokhu?

Imbangela eyinhloko 'yokushaywa yiso' ukuvaleka kwegazi eliya ku-retina. Kunezindlela eziningana lokhu kuvaleka okungenzeka ngazo:

1. I-Embolism: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ihlule legazi, i-plaque, noma ingxenye yezicubu ezivela kwenye ingxenye yomzimba (isibonelo, udonga lwenhliziyo noma omunye umthambo omkhulu) iphuka futhi ihambe egazini ukuze ihlale emthambo omncane ohlinzeka ngegazi esweni.

2. I-Thrombosis: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho igazi liqina bese kwakheka ihlule legazi ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi elihlinzeka ngegazi esweni.

Uma umthambo wegazi uvalekile ngale ndlela, igazi lingavuza kuwo futhi linyuse ingcindezi ngaphakathi kweso (ingcindezi yamehlo). Lokhu kucindezela okwandisiwe kungalimaza inzwa ye-optic. Lokhu kubonakala futhi esimweni esibizwa ngokuthi i-glaucoma .

Ubani osengozini enkulu yalesi 'sifo sokuzwa'?

Izici eziyingozi zokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi esweni zifana kakhulu nalezo zokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi ebuchosheni. Lezi zifaka:

• Kulabo abanomfutho wegazi ophezulu (i-Hypertension). Lena inkinga abantu abaningi ezweni lethu abanayo.
• Kubantu abanezinga eliphezulu le-cholesterol egazini (i-Hyperlipidemia).
• Kulabo abanamafutha amaningi emithanjeni yabo yegazi, okwenza kube mncane (i-atherosclerosis).
• Kulabo abanesifo semithambo yenhliziyo.
• Kulabo abake baba nesifo sohlangothi ngaphambilini.
• Kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60. Le ngozi iyanda njengoba iminyaka ikhula.
• Kwabesilisa.Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi amadoda asengozini enkulu kancane. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusho ukuthi abesifazane abakwazi ukuba nalesi simo. Abesifazane nabo bangaba nalesi simo.
• Le ngozi iphakeme nakubantu abanesifo sikashukela , ngoba isifo sikashukela singalimaza imithambo yegazi.
• Ingozi iphezulu nakubantu ababhemayo .

Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zinto eziyingozi, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuqaphela kancane.

Udokotela uthola kanjani ukuthi lokhu ngempela 'kuyisifo sokushaywa yindlebe'?

Njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, uma ulahlekelwa umbono wakho wonke noma ingxenye yawo ngokuzumayo ngeso elilodwa, kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha . Uma ubona udokotela, cishe bazokwenza okulandelayo:

• Uzobuzwa ngezimpawu zakho kanye nomlando wakho wezokwelapha.
• Kuzokwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuphelele. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-fundoscopy , noma i-ophthalmoscopy , lapho udokotela esebenzisa ithuluzi elikhethekile (i-ophthalmoscope) kanye nokukhanya okukhanyayo ukuhlola ingaphakathi leso lakho, ikakhulukazi i-retina nemithambo yegazi.
• Ungase ucelwe ukuthi wenze ukuhlolwa kwe-fluorescein angiography. Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka idayi ekhethekile emthanjeni osesandleni sakho bese usebenzisa ikhamera ukuze uyithathe izithombe njengoba ihamba emithanjeni yegazi engaphakathi kweso lakho. Lokhu kungabonisa ngokucacile noma yikuphi ukuvinjelwa noma izinkinga zokugeleza kwegazi.
• I-Color Fundus Photography iwukuhlolwa okuthatha izithombe ezicacile zengaphakathi leso (i-fundus), okuhlanganisa ne-retina.
• I-Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) iyisivivinyo esithuthuke kakhulu esihlinzeka ngezithombe ezinemininingwane zemithambo yegazi kanye nezendlalelo ze-retina.

Ngezinye izikhathi, uma udokotela esola esinye isimo, njenge- Giant Cell Arteritis noma i-Temporal Arteritis, bangase batuse futhi i-ultrasound , i-echocardiogram (ukuskena kwenhliziyo), kanye nokuhlolwa kwegazi okuningana ukuze kubhekwe izimpawu zokuvuvukala egazini.

Ingabe ikhona indlela yokwelapha lokhu? Kwenziwani?

Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelapha 'isifo sohlangothi lwamehlo' ukubuyisela ukugeleza kwegazi ku-retina ngokushesha okukhulu, kuncishiswe ukulahleka kokubona. Izindlela zokwelapha zincike ekutheni sekuphele isikhathi esingakanani kusukela izimpawu zaqala ukubonakala kanye nohlobo lokuvaleka. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zifaka:

• Imithi yokunciphisa ukucindezeleka ngaphakathi kweso noma yokuncibilikisa amahlule egazi.
• Ukwelashwa nge-laser ukuvala imithambo yegazi evuzayo.
• Ukuhlikihla ijwabu kancane ngeso livaliwe. Lokhu kungasiza ekususeni ihlule legazi futhi kususe ukuvaleka.
• I-Paracentesis: Kule nqubo, udokotela usebenzisa inalithi encane kakhulu ukususa inani elincane loketshezi ngaphakathi kweso. Lokhu kungasiza ekunciphiseni ingcindezi ngaphakathi kweso ngokushesha.
• Ukwelashwa Nge-Hyperbaric Oxygen: Kulokhu, isiguli sifakwa ekamelweni elikhethekile futhi senzelwe ukuphefumula umoya-mpilo ohlanzekile ngaphansi kokucindezeleka okuphezulu. Lokhu kuzama ukwandisa ukunikezwa komoya-mpilo ku-retina.

Kodwa khumbula, ukuze uthole okuningi kulezi zindlela zokwelapha, udinga ukuqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha nje lapho izimpawu zivela, zingakapheli amahora ambalwa. Isikhathi sibaluleke kakhulu lapha.

Ingabe kukhona esingakwenza ukunciphisa le ngozi?

Nakuba kungenakwenzeka ukukuvimbela ngokuphelele, kunezinto ezimbalwa esingazenza ukunciphisa ingozi 'yokushaywa yisifo sokuzwa'. Lezi zivame ukuba zinhle empilweni yethu iyonke:

• Ukudla ukudla okunempilo nokuzivocavoca okwanele. Ukudla imifino eminingi, izithelo, kanye nemifino eluhlaza, kanye nokunciphisa amafutha, ushukela kanye nosawoti kuhle kakhulu.
• Uma unesifo sikashukela, kubalulekile ukulawula amazinga kashukela egazini lakho kahle.
• Gcina umfutho wegazi, i-cholesterol yegazi, kanye nomfutho wamehlo usemazingeni afanele. Sebenzisa imithi enqunywe udokotela wakho.
• Vakashela udokotela wamehlo njalo ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze uhlolwe amehlo akho, ikakhulukazi uma unezici eziyingozi.
• Uma ubhema, yeka. Le ngozi iphezulu kakhulu ngenxa yomonakalo ukubhema okuwenzayo emithanjeni yegazi.

Ukulandela lezi zinto ngeke nje kukuvikele 'ekushayweni yizindlebe', kodwa futhi kuzokusiza ekuvikeleni kwezinye izifo eziningi, njengesifo senhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi.

Kwenzekani ngemva kwalesi simo? Yini okufanele siyilindele?

Umonakalo obangelwa 'ukushaywa yi-in-ear stroke' ungahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Kuya ngokuthi ukuvaleka kwenzeke kuphi, ukuthi igazi linqanyuliwe isikhathi esingakanani, nokuthi ukwelashwa kuqala ngokushesha kangakanani .

Uma kuyi -branch (BRAO) noma i-twig (Twig) retinal artery occlusion, okuwukuvinjelwa komthambo omncane, umonakalo ungase ube mncane kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma kuyi-central (CRAO) , okuwukuvinjelwa komthambo oyinhloko, umonakalo ungase ube mkhulu.

Ngisho nangemva kokwelashwa, abanye abantu bangase babe nokulahlekelwa umbono ngezinga elithile. Ngezinye izikhathi umbono ungase ungalulami ngokugcwele. Yingakho kuthathwa njengento ebaluleke kangaka.

Enye into ebalulekile ukuthi 'ukushaywa yisifo sokuzwa' kusho ukuthi ushaywa yisifo sobuchopho.Kungaba futhi uphawu lokuthi usengozini yokuba nayo. Ngenxa yokuthi izici eziyingozi zazo zombili lezi zimo zifana kakhulu, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho uma 'unesifo sohlangothi sokuzwa' futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokuvimbela isifo sohlangothi.

Kunini lapho kufanele nakanjani sifune khona iseluleko sezokwelapha?

Lokhu kusobala kakhulu: Uma uhlangabezana nokulahlekelwa okungazelelwe, ukungabi mnyama, noma ukufiphala kombono kwelinye iso, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. 'Ukushaya kwamehlo' cishe njalo kuthinta iso elilodwa kuphela.

Ngezinye izikhathi ukubona kungalahleka okwesikhashana bese kubuyiselwa esimweni sako. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'i-mini-stroke esweni' . Ngisho noma uhlangabezana nokulahlekelwa umbono okwesikhashana, ungakushayi indiva. Kuphathe njengesimo esiphuthumayo bese ubona udokotela.

Ukulahlekelwa umbono wakho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungowesikhashana noma unomphela, kungaba yinto eyesabekayo. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi uma ubona ushintsho esweni elilodwa nje. Njengoba nje kwenzeka lapho ubhekene nohlangothi lobuchopho, ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuthola imiphumela engcono uma ubhekene nohlangothi lohlangothi lohlangothi.

Ngamafuphi, nazi izinto okudingeka sizikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya):

Kulungile, ake siphinde sixoxe ngamaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu esixoxe ngawo namuhla mayelana 'nokushaya kwamehlo / ukuvaleka kwemithambo ye-retinal':

• Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Bonana nodokotela ngokushesha nje lapho ubona izimpawu.
• Uphawu oluyinhloko ukulahlekelwa ngokuzumayo, ukufiphala, noma ukulahlekelwa umbono kwelinye iso. Ngokuvamile akubuhlungu.
• Izinto ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela, i-cholesterol, isifo senhliziyo, kanye nokubhema kwandisa ingozi.
• Ukwelashwa okusheshayo kunganciphisa umonakalo wokubona.
• Ingozi yalesi simo ingancishiswa ngokugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo nokulawula izici eziyingozi.

Amehlo akho ayimpahla eyigugu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke wanakekele. Ngithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luwusizo kuwe. Ngikufisela impilo enhle wena nabathandekayo bakho!

Ukushaywa Yiso, Ukuvaleka Kwemithambo Ye- Retinal, Ukuvaleka Kwemithambo Yegazi Esweni, Ukulahlekelwa Ukubona, Izifo Zamehlo, I-Retina, Ukushaywa Yiso, Ukuvaleka Kwemithambo Ye-Retinal