Ingabe kufanele sifunde okwengeziwe ngalezi zimboni ezincane emizimbeni yethu - izindlala?

Wake wazibuza ukuthi zingaki izinto ezimangalisayo ezenzekayo emizimbeni yethu? Kufana nezimboni eziningi ezincane ezisebenza ndawonye. Kunezitho ezincane emizimbeni yethu ezenza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu, sizibiza ngokuthi ama-gland . Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa leli gama, kodwa uyazi kahle ukuthi ziyini lezi nokuthi zenzani? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngakho kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.

Ziyini izindlala? Kalula nje...

Kalula nje, izindlala ziyizinhlayiya noma izicubu ezikhethekile ezikhiqiza futhi zikhiphe amakhemikhali abalulekile emizimbeni yethu. Zicabange njengezithunywa ezincane zamakhemikhali ezisiza imizimba yethu ukuthi isebenze kahle. Ezinye izindlala zikhipha amakhemikhali athinta kuphela indawo ezizungezile. Kodwa-ke, kunezinye izindlala ezikhipha amakhemikhali ahamba emzimbeni wonke futhi enze imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ebalulekile.

Zonke lezi zindlala zakhiwe ngezicubu ze-epithelial, enye yezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zezicubu emzimbeni wethu. Zikhethekile endleleni ezenza futhi zikhiphe ngayo amakhemikhali ahlukahlukene.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezindlala - ake sibone ukuthi ziyini.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-gland. Lezi yizi:

1. Izindlala Ze-Exocrine

2. Izindlala Ze-Endocrine

Manje ake sibheke ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo ngokwehlukana.

Izindlala ze-Exocrine - zisebenza kanjani?

Lezi zindlala zineziteshi ezincane ezifana nepayipi ezibizwa ngokuthi "ama-Ducts" ukuze zithwale izinto ezizenzayo. Njengoba nje amanzi ephuma empompini, lezi ziteshi yilapho imikhiqizo yazo iya khona lapho idingeka khona. Nazi ezinye izibonelo ongase uzijwayele:

• Ubisi lwebele oluvela komama kuya ezinganeni
• Ama-enzyme okugaya ukudla asisiza ekugayeni ukudla esikudlayo.
• I-mucus evela ekhaleni
• Amathe
• Ukujuluka
• Izinyembezi ziyavela uma sikhala.

Konke lokhu kukhiqizwa yizindlala ze-exocrine.

Izindlala ze-Endocrine - Yini ekhethekile ngazo?

Lolu hlobo lwe-gland luhlukile kancane. Lukhipha amakhemikhali oluwenzayo ngqo egazini . Okusho ukuthi, alunazo iziteshi ezifana nezindlala ze-exocrine. Ngenxa yokuthi zihamba emzimbeni wonke negazi, amakhemikhali nezinto ezikhiqizayo zingazuzisa umzimba wonke. Ngokuvamile siwabiza lawa ma-hormone .

Ezinye izibonelo yilezi:

• Amaprotheni ayinkimbinkimbi asiza ekujiyeni kwegazi, isibonelo , izinto ezibangela ukujiya kwegazi .
• Ama-hormone asiza ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla emzimbeni (ukwenza nokusebenzisa amandla emzimbeni), isibonelo i-'Ghrelin', elawula indlalaI-Glucagon kanye ne-Insulin , okulawula amazinga kashukela egazini.
• Ezinye ze -neurotransmitters ezithwala imiyalezo ohlelweni lwethu lwezinzwa, isibonelo, i-adrenaline ne -norepinephrine .
• Ama-hormone ocansi ahlobene nezici zethu zobulili kanye nesistimu yokuzala, isibonelo , i-estrogen kwabesifazane kanye ne-testosterone kwabesilisa.

Uyawuqonda umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili? Enye inemigudu, enye ayinayo, futhi ixhumana ngqo negazi.

Zikuphi lezi zindlala emizimbeni yethu? Ungase umangale!

Kunezindlala zokujuluka eziningi emizimbeni yethu kunalokho ongakucabanga. Cabanga nje, kunezigidi zezindlala zokujuluka esikhumbeni sakho kuphela! Ake sibheke ukuthi zitholakala kuphi kakhulu.

• Izindlala ze-Adenoid ngemuva kwekhala .
• Izindlala zendunu endunu.
• Izindlala ze-Ceruminous yizindlala ezikhiqiza i-wax ngaphakathi kwendlebe .
• Izindlala esiswini ezenza ama-enzyme okugaya ukudla.
• Izinso kanye nezindlala ze-adrenal ezingaphezu kwazo.
• Isibindi kanye ne-pancreas (kokubili, ngokumangazayo, kusebenza njengezindlala ze-endocrine kanye ne-exocrine).
• Izindlala zebele ziyizindlala ezikhiqiza ubisi emabeleni abesifazane .
• Izindlala ze-Meibomian ezizungeze amehlo (ezikhiqiza into efana namafutha esiza ukugcina iso limanzi) kanye nezindlala ze-lacrimal, ezikhiqiza ukudabuka.
• Ama-gland e-Brunner, akhiqiza into efana ne-mucus, atholakala engxenyeni yokuqala yamathumbu amancane (i-Duodenum) .
• Ama-ovary abesifazane.
• Izindlala ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu ebuchosheni bethu yi-pituitary gland kanye ne-pineal gland.
• Indlala yesilisa ye-prostate , ama-vesicle esidoda, kanye nezinye izindlala ezihlobene.
• Izindlala ezahlukahlukene ngaphakathi emlonyeni ezikhiqiza amathe, isibonelo indlala ye-parotid eduze kwendlebe.
• Izimpande zezinwele zethu ziqukethe izindlala ze-sebaceous (ezikhiqiza into efana namafutha esiza ukugcina isikhumba simanzi).
• I-Skene's Gland itholakala eduze kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane kwabesifazane.
• Izindlala zokujuluka esikhumbeni sethu (`Apocrine` kanye` nama-`Eccrine Sweat Glands`).
• I-thymus gland ngaphakathi kwesifuba (lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela komzimba).
• Indlala yegilo entanyeni kanye nezindlala ze-parathyroid ezixhunywe kuyo.

Uke wabona ukuthi zingaki izindawo emizimbeni yethu esinazo lezi zimboni ezincane!

Yiziphi izifo ezivamile ezingase zenzeke ngezindlala? Masiqaphele!

Uma konke kusebenza kahle, akukho nkinga. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, izinguquko ezithile kanye nezifo zingase zenzeke ekusebenzeni kwalezi zindlala. Ake sibheke ezinye zalezo zinto.

Kwenzekani uma wenza okuningi kakhulu noma okuncane kakhulu?

Inkinga evamile yezindlala eziningi ukuthi zikhiqiza amakhemikhali amaningi kakhulu noma amancane kakhulu okufanele ziwakhiqize.

• Uma izindlala zamathe zikhiqiza amathe amaningi kakhulu , umlomo ungavuza amathe. Uma amathe ekhiqizwa kancane kakhulu, umlomo ungaba owomile (Xerostomia) .
• Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-Meibomian Gland kungabangela amehlo omile futhi acasuke.
• Izifo zezindlala ze-parathyroid : Ukusebenza ngokweqile (i-Hyperparathyroidism) noma ukungasebenzi kahle (i-Hypoparathyroidism). Lezi zimo zingaba zimbi kakhulu ngoba zilawula amazinga e-calcium emzimbeni wethu.
• Isifo Sendlala Yepituitary : Ukusebenza Kakhulu (i-Hyperpituitarism) noma ukusebenza kancane (i-Hypopituitarism). Ngenxa yokuthi le ndlala ilawula ezinye izindlala eziningi, izinkinga ngayo zingathinta izinto eziningi.
• Isifo Sezindlala Ze-thyroid : Ukukhiqiza ama-hormone amaningi kakhulu (i-Hyperthyroidism) noma ukwenza ama-hormone amancane kakhulu (i-Hypothyroidism). Lokhu futhi kuyinkinga abantu abaningi abanayo.

Ukuvuvukala kwezindlala

Ngezinye izikhathi izindlala zingavuvukala futhi zivuvuke. Lokho sikubiza ngokuthi 'Ukuvuvukala'.

• Ukuvuvukala kwendlala ye-parotid (ukuvuvukala kwesihlathi) - `Parotitis` .
• Ukuvuvukala kwendlala ye-prostate kwabesilisa - `I-Prostatitis` .
• Ukuvuvukala kwezindlala zamathe - `Sialadenitis` .
• Ukuvuvukala kwendlala yegilo - `I-Thyroiditis` .

Lapho amangqamuzana omzimba wethu ehlasela izindlala (Izimo Zokuzivikela Emzimbeni)

Ngezinye izikhathi, amasosha ethu omzimba aqala ngephutha ukuhlasela izindlala zethu ezinempilo. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi izimo zokuzivikela komzimba .

• Izifo zokuzivikela komzimba ezithinta indlala yegilo: Isibonelo , iSifo sikaGraves (i-thyroid esebenza ngokweqile) kanye neSifo sikaHashimoto (i-thyroid engasebenzi kahle).
• I-Myasthenia Gravis (isifo esibangela ubuthakathaka bemisipha) sithinta indlala ye-thymus.
• I-Autoimmune Pancreatitis (ukuvuvukala kwe-pancreas) kanye ne -Autoimmune Hepatitis (ukuvuvukala kwesibindi), okulimaza izitho zomzimba ezifana ne-pancreas nesibindi.
• I-Sjögren's Syndrome, ebangela amehlo nomlomo owomile.
• Isifo Sikashukela Sohlobo 1(Amaseli akhiqiza i-insulin kuma-pancreas awonakele).

Ukutheleleka kwe-Exocrine Glands

Kungavela izifo ezahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi ezindlaleni zangaphandle.

• Ukutheleleka kwendlala yezinyembezi - `Dacryoadenitis` .
• Ukhunta (ukutheleleka ngegciwane okuthinta izindlala zamathe).
• Ama-Styes (avame ukubangelwa ukutheleleka kwe-gland) - `Ama-Styes` .

Ezinye Izimo Zokuzalwa

Ezinye izinkinga zezindlala zingaba yinto yokuzalwa nayo. Iningi lalezi zibangelwa izici zofuzo.

• `I-Carney Complex` (amathumba angavela ezindlala ezahlukahlukene).
• I-Cystic Fibrosis (ithinta izinhlelo zokuphefumula nezokugaya ukudla, iqinisa ukukhishwa kwezindlala ze-exocrine).
• Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-dwarfism (i-Dwarfism / Skeletal Dysplasia) (ezinye zazo zihlobene nokusebenza kwezindlala zamahomoni).

Izimila ezindlaleni

Ngeshwa, njenganoma yikuphi okunye emizimbeni yethu, izimila zingakhula ezindlaleni. Lezi zingaba yingozi (ezingenawo umdlavuza) noma zibe yingozi (ezinomdlavuza) . Uma lezi zimila zikhula ezindlaleni, zingabangela ukuthi zikhiqize amakhemikhali amaningi kakhulu noma amancane kakhulu akhiqizwa yilezo zindlala.

Okubalulekile: Ungesabi lezi zifo. Lezi yizinto okufanele uziqaphele. Uma unezimpawu, kungcono ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ukuze kutholakale inkinga ngezindlala?

Uma udokotela ecabanga ukuthi unenkinga yezindlala, into yokuqala abazoyenza ukukunikeza "Ukuhlolwa Komzimba" okuphelele . Bazobheka izinguquko emzimbeni wakho ongazibona futhi uzizwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangenza izivivinyo ezifana nalezi:

• Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi : Isampula yegazi lakho ingathathwa futhi ihlolwe ukuhlola amazinga ezinto ezifana nama-hormone akhishwa yizindlala. Lokhu kungabona izinkinga eziningi zezindlala.
• Ukuhlolwa Kokuthwebula Izithombe : Ukuthwebula nge-ultrasound , ukuthwebula nge-CT , noma ukuthwebula nge-MRI kusetshenziselwa ukubheka izindlala ezingaphakathi emzimbeni. Lokhu kungabheka izinguquko ngobukhulu kanye nokuma kwezindlala.

Kuye ngezimpawu zakho kanye nomlando wakho wezempilo, kungase kwenziwe izivivinyo eziqondile. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela okwengeziwe ngalokhu.

Yini esingayenza ukuze sigcine izindlala zethu ziphilile?

Ukwenza izinto ezinhle emzimbeni wethu wonke nakho kuhle kakhulu ezindlala zethu. Bheka lezi zinto:

• Hlola udokotela okungenani kanye ngonyaka.Ngokuvamile, izinkinga zezindlala zingabonakala ngokuhlolwa okunje ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu.
• Zama ukugcina isisindo esinempilo .
• Hlala usebenza ngokomzimba (ukuzivocavoca) ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Yidla ukudla okuhle nokunomsoco . Faka izinhlobo ezahlukene zemifino, izithelo, kanye nokusanhlamvu ekudleni kwakho.

Bona udokotela ngokushesha , ikakhulukazi uma ucabanga ukuthi unenkinga yezindlala, noma uma uvuvukile noma unezimpawu zokutheleleka ezindaweni ezinjengamehlo noma umlomo.

Ingabe lawa ma-lymph node nawo awuhlobo lwe-gland?

Lokhu kuyinto edida abantu abaningi. Cha, ama-lymph node awawona ama-gland.

Kunezizathu zokucabanga ukuthi ziyizindlala. Esinye ukuthi lezi zigaxa ezincane, eziyindilinga, ezindaweni ezifana nentamo, emakhwapheni, nangaphansi kwesilevu, ziseduze kakhulu nezindlala zangempela. Esinye ukuthi abanye abantu bazibiza nangokuthi "izindlala ze-Lymph." Kodwa lelo akulona igama elifanele, ngoba azibonisi izici zendlala. Ama-lymph node ayingxenye yesimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela.

Yiziphi izindlala ezingaphansi kwesilevu sethu?

Kunezindlala eziningana emhlathini wakho nasezizungezile. Izindlala ezingaphansi kwethanga (igama lisho ukuthi "ngaphansi komhlathi") zikhona. Futhi eduze kukhona izindlala ezingaphansi kolimi, ezingaphansi kolimi lwakho . Lezi yizindlala zamathe ikakhulukazi.

Ziyini izindlala entanyeni?

Indlala eyinhloko entanyeni yakho yindlala yegilo . Ibunjwe njengovemvane futhi ikhiqiza amahomoni abalulekile athinta izinto eziningi emzimbeni wethu. Kuyo, kuzo zombili izinhlangothi, kunezindlala ezine ezincane ezibizwa ngokuthi izindlala ze-parathyroid .

Okokugcina, into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele ngiyisho kuwe (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Uma nje la mafektri amancane abizwa ngokuthi ama-gland emizimbeni yethu esebenza buthule, asikhumbuli nokuthi akhona lapho, akunjalo? Kodwa uma kukhona ngisho nenkinga encane kakhulu ngenye yalezi, ingasithinta kakhulu kangangokuthi asisakwazi ukucabanga nganoma yini enye.

Ngakho-ke, uma unemibuzo, ukukhathazeka, noma izimpawu ezintsha mayelana nezindlala zakho, ukusebenza kwazo, noma yini enye, ungalokothi uyishaye indiva . Khuluma nodokotela ngakho. Ngezinye izikhathi kungaba namahloni futhi kungakhululeki. Kodwa khumbula, udokotela akekho lapho ukukwahlulela. Umsebenzi wakhe ukukulalela, ukukuqondisa, ukukusekela, nokukusiza ukuthi ubuyele empilweni yakho evamile nenempilo.

Ngakho-ke, nakekela umzimba wakho, futhi ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko. Leyo yindlela engcono kakhulu yokuhlala uphilile!

Izindlala , ama-hormone, izindlala ze-exocrine, izindlala ze-endocrine, i-thyroid, i-pituitary, impilo