Cabanga ukuthi usika imifino ekhishini bese usika isandla sakho ngephutha. Noma ake sithi ingane encane iyawa ngenkathi idlala bese ikhubeka idolo. Ekuqaleni, kuba negazi elincane, kodwa ngemva kwesikhashana, noma singenzi lutho, ukuphuma kwegazi kuyaphela, akunjalo? Lokhu akuyona nje into ehlukile. Lena indlela emangalisayo yokuzivikela emzimbeni wethu. Kwezokwelapha, lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-hemostasis . Kalula nje, lena inqubo yemvelo evimba ukuphuma kwegazi esilondeni futhi ilungiselele umzimba ukuthi uphulukise lelo nxeba.
Ngakho-ke le nqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-hemostasis yenzeka kanjani?
Lokhu kuzwakala njengendaba ethakazelisayo kakhulu. Igama elithi hemostasis lakhiwe izingxenye ezimbili. Igama elithi "hemo" lisho "igazi" kanye nelithi "stasis" lisho "ukuyeka" noma "ukubamba ungashukumi." Ngamagama alula, lisho "ukuyeka ukugeleza kwegazi." Le nqubo iqala ngemizuzwana embalwa ngemva kokulimala. Kuvamile ukuba ukuphuma kwegazi kwenzeke ngenxa yokulimala imizuzu emibili kuya kweyisikhombisa.
Lena akuyona inqubo yesinyathelo esisodwa. Kwenzeka ngochungechunge lwezinyathelo, njengeqembu labadwebi abanekhono abasebenza ndawonye ukuze baqedele iphrojekthi. Ake sibheke izinyathelo ezine eziyinhloko.
| Izinyathelo | Kwenzekani (ngamagama alula) |
|---|---|
| Isinyathelo 1: Ukuminyana kwemithambo yegazi | Imithambo yegazi (imithambo yegazi) endaweni yokulimala iyaqina, njengokucindezelwa kwepayipi lamanzi. Lokhu kunciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi. |
| Isinyathelo 2: Ukwenza ipulaki yesikhashana | Ama-platelet, uhlobo lweseli elincane elintanta egazini lethu, agijimela endaweni yokulimala bese enamathela kukho. Ahlangana ndawonye bese evala inxeba okwesikhashana. Kufana nokufaka isivalo ebhodleleni. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi i-primary hemostasis . |
| Isinyathelo 3: Ukuqala uchungechunge lokujiya | Manje umsebenzi wangempela uqala. Yini esegaziniAmaprotheni abizwa ngokuthi izinto ezibangela ukujiya asebenza ngokulandelana, okuqinisa kakhulu lokho kuvalwa kwesikhashana. Lokhu kufana nokusabela kweketanga. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-hemostasis yesibili . |
| Isinyathelo 4: Ukwakheka kwehlule legazi elihlala njalo | Ekugcineni, ama-platelet kanye neprotheni ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi i-fibrin ziyahlangana ukuze zakhe ihlule legazi eliqinile kakhulu, elihlala njalo, njengezitini nodaka okwakha udonga. Lokhu kuvala ngokuphelele inxeba. Kamuva, njengoba inxeba liphola, leli hlule legazi liyancibilika bese kwakheka isikhumba esisha. |
Kalula nje, i-hemostasis "iyi-plaster" yemvelo yomzimba wethu. Ngaphandle kwayo, ngisho nokuklwebheka okuncane kungasibangela ukuba sophe kakhulu futhi kube yingozi ngisho nokuphila.
Kwenzekani uma le nqubo ingahambi kahle?
Nakuba le nqubo ivame ukusebenza kahle kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi ingahamba kabi. Bese kuba nezinkinga ezimbili ezingavela:
1. Ukungakwazi ukujiya kwegazi: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho igazi lingajiyi kahle uma kudingeka. Ngisho nesilonda esincane singabangela ukopha isikhathi eside, okuholela ekuvuvukeni nasezilonda.
2. Ukujiya kwegazi: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho kwakheka amahlule egazi emzimbeni uma engadingeki. Lokhu kungaba yingozi kakhulu.
Uma ukujiya kwegazi kukhuphuka kakhulu (i-Hypercoagulability)
Lokhu kuyingozi ngoba amahlule egazi angadingeki akheka ngaphakathi emzimbeni (esikubiza ngokuthi i-thrombosis ) angahamba ngemithambo yegazi bese ehlala ezithweni ezibalulekile njengobuchopho, inhliziyo, namaphaphu. Yilokho okwenzekayo.
- Isifo sohlangothi: Uma ihlule legazi livimba umthambo wegazi othwala igazi liye ebuchosheni.
- Ukuhlaselwa Yinhliziyo: Uma ihlule legazi livimba umthambo wegazi ohambisa igazi enhliziyweni.
- I-Pulmonary Embolism: Lokhu kungenzeka lapho ihlule legazi ( i-Deep Vein Thrombosis - DVT ), elivame ukwakheka emthanjeni ojulile emlenzeni, liqhekeka bese lihlala emthanjeni emaphashini.
Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza, izimo zofuzo (isib. i-Factor V Leiden , ukuntuleka kweProtheyini C ), kanye nezinye izimo zezokwelapha (isib. i-Antiphospholipid syndrome , izifo ezinzima - i-sepsis ) zingandisa ukujiya kwegazi ngale ndlela.
Uma ukujiya kwegazi kwehla kakhulu (i-Hypocoagulability)
Lokhu kuphambene nalokho. Ngenxa yokuthi igazi lakho alivali kahle, noma yikuphi ukulimala kungaba yingozi. Ngisho nokusikeka okuncane kungabangela ukopha ngokweqile. Kungaba khona nokopha okungabonakali ngaphakathi emzimbeni.
Izibonelo eziyinhloko zalokhu yilezi:
- I-Hemophilia: Lesi yisifo esibangelwa izakhi zofuzo lapho umzimba ungakhiqizi khona esinye noma ngaphezulu sezici ezidingekayo ukuze igazi lijiye.
- Isifo sikaVon Willebrand: Lesi yisifo esivamile sofuzo esifana ne-hemophilia.
- I-Thrombocytopenia: Ukwehla kwenani lama-platelet, okuyiwona maseli ayinhloko okujiya kwegazi. Lesi simo singabonakala kwezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza (isb., i-leukemia ).
Uthola kanjani ukuthi kukhona yini izinkinga ezinjengalezi?
Uma unalezi zimpawu, udokotela wakho uzokudlulisela kudokotela wegazi. Uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho bese eyala ukuhlolwa kwegazi okudingekayo.
Ezinye zalezo zivivinyo yilezi:
- Inani Eliphelele Legazi (i-CBC)
- Inani lamaplatelet
- Isikhathi Sokopha
- Isikhathi se-Prothrombin (PT)
- Isikhathi Se-Thromboplastin Esingasebenzi (aPTT)
- Izinga le-Fibrinogen
Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?
Uma unezimpawu, akufanele uzishaye indiva. Lezi kungaba yizimo eziphuthumayo.
| Isigaba sezimpawu | Izinto okufanele uzinake |
|---|---|
| Izimpawu zokwanda kokujiya kwegazi (i-Hypercoagulability) - Lezi yizimo eziphuthumayo, iya ku-ETU ngokushesha! | |
| Ubuchopho (ukukhubazeka) | Ukuba ndikindiki kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba, ubunzima bokukhuluma, ukugoba kolunye uhlangothi lobuso, ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu. |
| Inhliziyo (isifo senhliziyo) | Ubuhlungu besifuba, ubunzima bokuphefumula, ubuthakathaka, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ukuquleka. |
| Emaphashini (i-Pulmonary Embolism) | Ukuphelelwa umoya ngokuzumayo, ubuhlungu besifuba, ukukhwehlela igazi, izindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma iminwe, ukuquleka. |
| Emlenzeni (DVT) | Ubuhlungu, ukuvuvukala, kanye nokubomvu endaweni yembobo noma kwenye indawo emlenzeni. |
| Izimpawu zokungakwazi ukujiya kwegazi - khuluma nodokotela wakho uma unalezi. | |
| Izici ezivamile | • Ukopha impumulo njalo kanye nobunzima bokukuyeka. • Izinsini eziphuma igazi uma uxubha amazinyo. • Ngisho nesilonda esincane siphuma igazi isikhathi eside. • Ukuphuka (amabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka/onsomi) emzimbeni ngaphandle kwesizathu. |
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Hemostasis inqubo yemvelo nebalulekile lapho umzimba wethu uyeka khona ukopha ngenxa yokulimala.
- Lena inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ehilela izinyathelo eziningana.
- Ngezinye izikhathi le nqubo ingahamba kabi. Zombili lezi zimo, ezibizwa ngokuthi i-hypercoagulability noma i-hypocoagulability, zingaba yingozi.
- Izimpawu ezinjengobuhlungu besifuba obungazelelwe, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba kungaba uphawu lokuqhekeka kwegazi. Ezimweni ezinjalo, iya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela ngokushesha.
- Uma unamanxeba ngaphandle kwesizathu, noma uma uphuma igazi kakhulu ngenxa yamanxeba amancane, ungakushayi indiva lokho futhi ngokuqinisekile khuluma nodokotela wakho.
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