Ake sifunde kabanzi nge-Hepatitis D. Lokhu kukhethekile kancane!

Cishe uke wezwa ngezifo zesibindi ezahlukahlukene. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesifo sesibindi esifanayo, kodwa esihlukile kancane. Leso yi-Hepatitis D. Yini ekhethekile ngayo, ukuthi ungayigwema kanjani, ake sithole konke ngayo namuhla.

Kuyini i-Hepatitis D?

Kalula nje, i-Hepatitis D yisifo esibangelwa yigciwane esibangela ukuvuvukala kwesibindi . Kodwa-ke, umehluko omkhulu ukuthi igciwane le-Hepatitis D (HDV) alikwazi ukubangela lesi sifo ngokwalo. Akumangalisi yini? Yebo, ukuze leli gciwane libangele isifo emzimbeni wakho , kumele lihlanganiswe negciwane le-Hepatitis B (HBV) . Lokho kusho ukuthi, ungahlakulela i-Hepatitis D kuphela uma usuvele une-Hepatitis B, noma uma usunesifo se-Hepatitis B. Uyaqonda? Akunjalo nhlobo.

Ukutheleleka kwe-Hepatitis D kungenzeka ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko:

1. Ukutheleleka okunamandla: Kulesi simo, izimpawu zibonakala ngokushesha futhi zingase zihlale amasonto noma izinyanga ezimbalwa. Ngezinye izikhathi, zingaba ngcono ngokwazo.

2. Ukutheleleka Okungapheli: Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu. Ukutheleleka okunamandla kungaba okungapheli. Uma kunjalo, izimpawu zihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha. Lokhu kungabangela umonakalo wesikhathi eside esibindini.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-Hepatitis D?

Manje ake sibheke izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokutheleleka kwe-Hepatitis D ngemininingwane ethe xaxa.

Kuyini i-Coinfection?

Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane kwenzeka uma utheleleke ngegciwane le-hepatitis B (HBV) kanye negciwane le-hepatitis D (HDV) ngesikhathi esisodwa . Cabanga ngakho njengokuhlaselwa yiwo womabili amagciwane ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kulesi simo, izimpawu zivame ukufana neze-hepatitis B, kodwa la magciwane amabili angaba mabi kakhulu ngoba akhona ndawonye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lesi sifo singaba sibi kakhulu. Kodwa kunezindaba ezinhle. Uma unale nhlanganisela, amathuba okuba ibe yisifo esingamahlalakhona ngezinye izikhathi aphansi.

Kuyini ukutheleleka okungaphezu kwamandla?

Manje, ukutheleleka nge-superinfection kuyisimo esihlukile kancane futhi esiyingozi kakhulu . Okwenzekayo ukuthi usuvele unegciwane le-hepatitis B , okusho ukuthi unegciwane le-HBV emzimbeni wakho (mhlawumbe isikhathi eside). Bese uthola ukutheleleka okusha ngegciwane le-hepatitis D (HDV). Kufana nokuba nesifo esisodwa bese kuvela esinye isifo. Uma une-superinfection efana nale, izimpawu zakho zangaphambilini ze-hepatitis B zingase zivele ngokuzumayo noma zibe zimbi kakhulu . Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kutheleleka nge-superinfection kunethuba eliphezulu kakhulu lokuba yisifo esingamahlalakhona (cishe u-90%).Lokho kusho ukuthi lesi sifo singaqhubeka emzimbeni isikhathi eside futhi izinga lokulimala kwesibindi nalo liphezulu.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Hepatitis D?

Izimpawu ze-Hepatitis D zifana kakhulu nezezinye izinhlobo ze-hepatitis. Abanye abantu bangase bangabi nazo nhlobo izimpawu. Kodwa-ke, uma kuvela izimpawu, ungalindela okulandelayo:

• Ukuba nomkhuhlane .
• Ubuhlungu besisu , ikakhulukazi ohlangothini oluphezulu kwesokudla lwesisu (lapho kukhona khona isibindi).
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza .
• I-Anorexia , ukulahlekelwa yinoma yisiphi isifiso sokudla.
• Umchamo wakho uba mnyama , njengombala wamanzi etiye.
• Ngakolunye uhlangothi, indle yakho izoshintsha ibe mhlophe, mhlawumbe ibe mpunga .
• Amehlo aphenduka aphuzi, isikhumba siphenduka aphuzi – yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi i-jaundice . Lokhu kwenzeka lapho isibindi singakwazi ukucubungula kahle into ebizwa ngokuthi i-bilirubin.
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele .

Ukutheleleka nge-Hepatitis D kungenza izimpawu ze-hepatitis B osuvele unazo zibe zimbi kakhulu .

Yini ebangela i-Hepatitis D?

Isizathu salokhu yi -Hepatitis Delta Virus , noma i-HDV ngamafuphi. Kodwa njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, ayikwazi ukwenza lutho ngokwayo. Idinga ngempela i-Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) ukuze isinde futhi yenze amakhophi engeziwe egciwane (okungukuthi, ukuze isakazeke). Yingakho, uma ufuna ukuthola i-Hepatitis D, udinga futhi ukuba negciwane le-HBV emzimbeni wakho.

I-Hepatitis D idluliselwa kanjani?

I-Hepatitis D idluliselwa ngendlela efanayo ne-Hepatitis B. Okusho ukuthi, lapho igazi noma olunye uketshezi lomzimba (isib. isidoda, uketshezi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane) lomuntu onegciwane lungena emzimbeni womuntu ophilile. Nazi izindlela eziyinhloko ezidluliselwa ngazo:

• Ukusuka ocansini olungavikelekile (okungukuthi, ukungasebenzisi ikhondomu ngesikhathi socansi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, somlomo, noma se-anal).
• Ngokwabelana ngezinaliti namasirinji asetshenziswa lapho kujovwa izidakamizwa . Lokhu kungenzeka futhi uma imishini esetshenziswa ukujova izidakamizwa ezithile ingahlanzwa kahle.
• Kwabasebenzi bezempilo, ukubhajwa ngengozi ngento efana nenaliti ngenkathi besebenza neziguli.
• Kungenzeka ukuthi igciwane lidluliselwe kusuka kumama liye enganeni ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuvamile , ikakhulukazi uma kuthathwa izinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo.
• Kukhona futhi ingozi yokusebenzisa imishini engahlanzwanga lapho udweba ama-tattoo noma ubhoboza izindlebe.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-Hepatitis D?

Amaqembu alandelayo asengozini enkulu yokuthola i-Hepatitis D:

• Abantu asebevele benesifo se-Hepatitis B(Ngaphandle kwalokhu, u-D ubengeke akhiwe!)
• Abantu abafaka izidakamizwa , ikakhulukazi uma besebenzisa izinaliti ezifanayo.
• Abantu abalala nomuntu onesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B (HBV) kanye nohlobo D (HDV).
• Abantu abahlala endlini eyodwa nomuntu one-hepatitis B (HBV) kanye ne-D (HDV) (isb., uma babelana ngezinto ezifana nama-razor nama-brushbrush).
• Abantu abatheleleke nge-HIV .
• Uma amadoda elala namadoda (ngaphandle kokuzivikela).
• Abantu abasebenza kwezempilo noma kweminye imikhakha abavame ukuthintana negazi noketshezi lomzimba.
• Abantu abanesifo sezinso abahlinzwa nge -hemodialysis .

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa ye-Hepatitis D?

I-Hepatitis D, ikakhulukazi uma iba yisifo esingamahlalakhona, ingabangela ukulimala okukhulu kwesibindi. Nazi ezinye zezinkinga ezinkulu:

• I-Cirrhosis: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho isibindi siba nezibazi kancane kancane futhi singakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yaso evamile. Njengoba nje kwakheka isibazi esikhumbeni sethu lapho sithola inxeba, izibazi nazo ziyenzeka esibindini. Lokhu kuphazamisa ukusebenza kwesibindi.
• Ukwehluleka kwesibindi: Lesi yisimo esibi kakhulu. Isibindi asikwazi ukwenza noma yimuphi umsebenzi waso. Singaba yingozi empilweni.
• I-Hepatocellular carcinoma: Lolu uhlobo lomdlavuza oluvela esibindini. Abantu abane-hepatitis D engamahlalakhona basengozini enkulu yokuthola lo mdlavuza.

Uthola kanjani ukuthi une-Hepatitis D?

Uma unezimpawu ze-Hepatitis D, noma uma useqenjini elisengozini, kungcono ukubona udokotela bese uhlolwa. Odokotela basebenzisa kakhulu ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze bahlole lokhu. Ilebhu izohlola igazi lakho ukuze ithole izingxenye zegciwane (i-HDV RNA) noma ama-antibodies (ama-anti-HDV antibodies) akhiqizwe ngokumelene negciwane.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungadingeka ukuthi uhlolwe nge-ultrasound , uhlolwe ngokukhethekile njenge- FibroScan noma i-Elastography , futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokuhlolwa kwesibindi ukuze kuhlolwe isimo sesibindi sakho futhi kubonakale ukuthi kukhona yini izibazi.

Ingabe ikhona ikhambi eliphelele le-Hepatitis D?

Uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, alikho ikhambi le-Hepatitis D okwamanje . Lena yinto edabukisayo kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukutheleleka kwe-HDV okunamandla ngezinye izikhathi kungaba ngcono ngaphandle kokwelashwa (ikakhulukazi ezimweni zokutheleleka ngamagciwane amabili).

Kodwa kubantu abanesifo sofuba esingapheli i-hepatitis D, odokotela banganikeza lezi zindlela zokwelapha. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zizama ukulawula igciwane, ukunciphisa umonakalo esibindini, nokuvimbela izinkinga.

• Umjovo we-Peginterferon alfa: Lona umjovo owuthatha kanye ngesonto. Ngokuvamile unikezwa cishe unyaka. Usiza amasosha omzimba wakho ukulwa nezifo. Kodwa ungaba nemiphumela emibi.
• I-Bulevirtide (Hepcludex®): Lona umuthi omusha wokulwa namagciwane. Uvimbela igciwane le-HDV ukuthi lingangeni emangqamuzaneni esibindi. Uvunyelwe ukwelapha i-HDV kwamanye amazwe, kodwa hhayi yonke indawo.
• Ukufakelwa kwesibindi: Uma isibindi sakho sonakele kakhulu futhi sehluleka, ukufakelwa kwesibindi esisha kungadingeka njengesisombululo sokugcina.

Izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha zisacwaningwa.

Kwenzekani uma ngine-Hepatitis D?

Uma kutholakale ukuthi une-hepatitis D, udokotela wakho uzoqapha impilo yesibindi sakho eduze . Lokhu kungafaka ukuhlolwa okuvamile, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, kanye nokuskena. Ukutheleleka kwe-hepatitis D noma i-HBV/HDV okunamandla kungaphela ngaphandle kokwelashwa emavikini noma ezinyangeni ezimbalwa.

Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziningi, ukutheleleka okuphezulu kuba yi-hepatitis D engapheli. Isifo esingamahlalakhona singahlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho neminyaka. Udokotela wakho angase akwelaphe unyaka noma ngaphezulu.

Iyini i-prognosis ye-Hepatitis D?

Ukufa ngenxa yokutheleleka kwe-HBV/HDV okunamandla akuvamile kakhulu (cishe u-1-5%), kodwa ukululama kungathatha amasonto noma izinyanga.

Kodwa-ke, ukutheleleka okungapheli kwe-HBV/HDV kuyingozi kakhulu . Abantu abaphakathi kuka-70% no-80% abanalesi simo ekugcineni bazoqala ukuba ne-cirrhosis. Lokhu kungenzeka ngokushesha, phakathi neminyaka emibili yokuqala yokutheleleka, noma kungathatha iminyaka emi-5 kuya kweyi-10. Ngeshwa, ingxenye enkulu yabantu abane-hepatitis D engapheli (eminye imibiko ithi abantu abangafika ku-15% phakathi kweminyaka emi-5-10) bazofa ngenxa yezinkinga ezifana nomdlavuza wesibindi noma ukwehluleka kwesibindi. Yingakho ukuxilongwa nokuphathwa kusenesikhathi kubalulekile.

Ingabe i-Hepatitis D ingavinjelwa?

Yebo, ungakwazi! Indlela engcono kakhulu nebaluleke kakhulu yokuzivikela ku-Hepatitis D ukuzivikela ku-Hepatitis B. Ngoba, i-Hepatitis D ayinakwenzeka ngaphandle kwe-Hepatitis B.

• Thola igciwane le-Hepatitis B.Lokhu kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Lo mjovo uphephile kakhulu futhi usebenza kahle. Uma ungakaze ube ne-Hepatitis B, thola lo mjovo nakanjani.
• Uma ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uke wavezwa yi-hepatitis B (isibonelo, uma wavezwa egazini lomuntu onegciwane), ungagonywa ngokushesha okukhulu. Ungathola futhi ukwelashwa okubizwa ngokuthi i-hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) zingakapheli amahora angama-24-48. Lokhu kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka.

Uma usuvele une-Hepatitis B, ungenza lezi zinto ukunciphisa ingozi yakho yokuthola ukutheleleka okungaphezu kwamandla:

• Gqoka amagilavu ​​​​angenamagciwane uma kungenzeka ukuthi uthinte igazi, ubomvu benxeba, noma olunye uketshezi lomzimba.
• Ungabelani ngezinaliti nezinaliti ezisetshenziswa ukujova izidakamizwa nabanye .
• Ungabelani ngezinto zakho siqu ezifana namabhulashi amazinyo kanye nezinsingo nabanye .
• Sebenzisa ikhondomu nganoma yiluphi uhlobo locansi.
• Thatha imithi yokulwa namagciwane ye-Hepatitis B njengoba udokotela wakho ekuyalele.

Uma ukhulelwe futhi une-Hepatitis B noma i-HBV/HDV, odokotela banganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuthi ingane yakho itheleleke ngokuyigoma nokwelapha ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa.

Ngingayinakekela kanjani impilo yami? (Uma ngine-hepatitis)

Uma une-hepatitis (B noma D), kunezinto eziningana ongazenza ukuze unciphise umonakalo esibindini sakho:

• Gwema utshwala ngokuphelele. Uma utshwala bungena esibindini, bulimaza amangqamuzana aso. Isibindi esivele sigula asikwazi ukubhekana nalokhu.
• Uma ubhema, uyeka, noma ungaqali. Ukubhema nakho kubi esibindini.
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo esikufanele. Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile/ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kungenza isifo sesibindi esinamafutha sibe sibi kakhulu ngokubangela ukuba amafutha aqongelelane esibindini.
• Buza udokotela wakho noma isazi sokudla okufanele ukudle futhi ukugweme ukuze ugcine isibindi sakho siphilile. Ukudla okulinganiselayo kubalulekile.
• Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi yimiphi imithi ethengiswa ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela (OTC) ephephile kuwe nokuthi yimiphi okufanele uyinciphise. Isibonelo, ukuphuza imithi yobuhlungu njenge- acetaminophen (Tylenol®) njalo akukuhle esibindini sakho. Ngakho-ke sebenzisa kuphela njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wakho.
• Yiya kudokotela wakho ngesikhathi bese uthola zonke izivivinyo ezinconyiwe ukuze kuhlolwe impilo yesibindi sakho. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma unezimpawu ze-hepatitis (njengomkhuhlane, izinhlungu zomzimba, ukuphelelwa yisifiso sokudla, i-jaundice), noma uma une-hepatitis B futhi izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi ngokuzumayo, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela . Futhi, uma ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uke wavezwa yi-hepatitis B noma D, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha.

Kufanele ngiye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Uma unalezi zimpawu ezinzima, hamba uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela ngokushesha :

• Uma unesifo sesisu esibuhlungu kakhulu .
• Uma uhlanza kakhulu , noma uma ungakwazi ukwehlisa umoya.
• Uma uhlanza igazi noma uhlanza lokho kubukeka sengathi kufakwe ikhofi.
• Uma i-jaundice ikhuphukile (amehlo nesikhumba kuba nombala ophuzi omnyama).
• Uma ingqondo ibonakala iphazamisekile , uma kubonakala kunzima ukuhlala uphapheme, uma kuvela ukudideka (lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i -hepatic encephalopathy ).
• Uma umchamo unombala onsundu noma inani lomchamo elikhiqizwayo lincipha kakhulu.
• Uma indle yakho inombala wobumba noma umbala okhanyayo .
• Uma isisu sakho sivuvukele kakhulu.

Lokhu kungaba izimpawu zokulimala okukhulu kwesibindi.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Uma ubona udokotela, kungaba usizo ukubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Uhlobo luni lwe-hepatitis enginalo ngempela?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha enginazo?
• Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani lokhu kwelashwa?
• Ngingawusebenzisa kanjani lo muthi? Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi?
• Ingabe kukhona izimpawu ezintsha noma izimpawu eziya ziba zimbi kakhulu okufanele ngizazi ngokukhethekile?
• Isibindi sami sinjani manje? Yiziphi izivivinyo okwakufanele ngizenze esikhathini esizayo?
• Yini okufanele ngiyenze ukuze ngivimbele lokhu ukuthi kungasabalali kwabanye?
• Uma ngine-Hepatitis B, yini enye engingayenza ukuze ngivimbele ukuthola i-Hepatitis D?

Uyini umehluko phakathi kweHepatitis B neHepatitis D?

I-Hepatitis B kanye ne-Hepatitis D yizinhlobo ezimbili zokutheleleka ngegciwane. Zombili zithinta isibindi. Kodwa umehluko omkhulu ukuthi i-Hepatitis D ingakuthelela kuphela uma une-Hepatitis B, noma uma usunayo kakade i-Hepatitis B. Igciwane le-Hepatitis D (i-HDV) lifana negciwane "elingaphelele"; alikwazi ukusebenza lodwa, lidinga "usizo" oluvela ku-HBV.

Akuwona wonke umuntu one-hepatitis B ozophathwa yi-hepatitis D. Eqinisweni, abantu abaningi abane-hepatitis B abanayo i-hepatitis D.

I-Hepatitis D ivame kangakanani?

Abantu abaphakathi kuka-5% no-15% emhlabeni wonke bane-hepatitis B.– Lokho kusho ukuthi abantu abaphakathi kwezigidi ezingu-12 no-45 – nabo bane-HDV, kusho ochwepheshe. I-Hepatitis D ivame kakhulu ezingxenyeni zase-Afrika (isib., e-Afrika Ephakathi), e-Asia (isib., eMongolia, ePakistan), eMfuleni i-Amazon eNingizimu Melika, kanye nasezingxenyeni zaseMpumalanga Yurophu. Ayivamile e-United States noma eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Ayivamile eSri Lanka, kodwa ingozi ikhona.

Igciwane le-hepatitis D lisebenza ngendlela ehlukile kancane kunezinye izifo. Okusho ukuthi, lidinga usizo lwegciwane le-hepatitis B (HBV) ukuze libangele ukutheleleka. Ngenhlanhla, noma yiziphi izinyathelo ongazithatha ukuze uzivikele ku-HBV zizokusiza futhi ekuvikeleni ku-hepatitis D. Futhi, ukwethulwa kwamuva komjovo we-hepatitis B kuholele ekwehleni kwenani labantu abane-hepatitis B, futhi ngenxa yalokho, i-hepatitis D emhlabeni jikelele. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba abanye abantu bangaba ne-hepatitis B ngaphandle kokuba nezimpawu.

Uma unesifo esingamahlalakhona, sebenzisana nodokotela wakho ukuze uqaphe impilo yesibindi sakho njalo. Ucwaningo ngemithi emisha lungakunikeza izinketho ezengeziwe zokwelapha esikhathini esizayo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okudingeka siyifunde kulokhu

Ngakho-ke, i-Hepatitis D uhlobo olukhethekile lwesifo sesibindi. Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, igciwane le-Hepatitis B kumele libe khona emzimbeni. Ngakho-ke, ukuzivikela ku-Hepatitis B kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela ku-Hepatitis D.

Ukuthola umuthi wokugomela i-Hepatitis B, ukwenza ucansi oluphephile, nokungabelani ngezinaliti uma usebenzisa izidakamizwa konke kuzokuvikela ku-Hepatitis D.

Uma une-Hepatitis B, ungesabi. Kodwa qiniseka ukuthi ulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho, uthola ukuhlolwa njalo, futhi ugweme izinto ezingalimaza isibindi sakho (ikakhulukazi utshwala kanye nemithi ethile ethengwa ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela). Lokhu kungasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yakho yokuthola i-Hepatitis D.

Qaphela izimpawu. Uma unemibuzo, ungephuzi ukuya kudokotela. Uma uthola ngokushesha, amathuba akho okuphila impilo enempilo enezinkinga ezimbalwa ayanda.

I- Hepatitis D, i-Hepatitis D, isibindi, isifo sesibindi, igciwane, i-Hepatitis B, i-Hepatitis B, i-HDV, i-HBV, i-Jaundice, i-Cirrhosis, ukwehluleka kwesibindi, umdlavuza wesibindi