Uphuke inqulu yakho? Noma kukhona owile? Ake sifunde kahle ngokuphuka kwenqulu!

Uma omunye wabadala bethu, mhlawumbe ugogo noma umkhulu, eshelela awe, kungaba yinto eyesabekayo kakhulu, akunjalo? Sivame ukucabanga, 'O, angazi ukuthi ngiphuke yini inqulu yami.' Empeleni, ukuphuka kwenqulu, okungukuthi, '(Ukuphuka Kwenqulu)', akuwona umdlalo. Kuyisimo esibucayi esingathinta impilo yakho. Ngakho-ke, ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokunembile nangokulula namuhla.

Kusho ukuthini ukumane uphule isinqe?

Kulungile, manje ake sibheke ukuthi kuyini ukuphuka kwesinqe. Umlenze wakho unethambo lethanga, okuyithambo elide nelinamandla kakhulu kusukela esinqeni kuya edolweni. Odokotela bawubiza nangokuthi i-femur. Leyo yingxenye engenhla yethambo lethanga, ikakhulukazi ingxenye eseduze kwesinqe, okuyilokho esikubiza ngokuthi ukuphuka kwesinqe.

Ithambo lesinqe liyithambo elide kakhulu nelinamandla emzimbeni. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile, kuthatha ukuwa okubi kakhulu noma ukulimala okukhulu, njengengozi yemoto, ukuze liphuke. Uma uphuke isinqe, isikhathi esiningi, lokho kusho ukuthi cishe uzodinga ukuhlinzwa ukuze kulungiswe.

Ngezinye izikhathi sihlekisa nabangani bethu ngezinto ezinjengokuthi, 'Ngiphuke isinqe ngoba sengikhulile.' Ngisho noma kuyihlaya nje, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi isinqe esiphukile siyingozi enkulu kakhulu, eshintsha impilo . Uma ungayinaki, ingaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu kamuva.

Yiziphi izindlela inqulu engaphuka ngazo?

Manje, bheka, ilunga lethu lesinqe liyilunga elifana nebhola nesokhethi. Ingxenye yethambo lesinqe efana nebhola (ikhanda lesifazane) ingena esikhaleni esifana nendebe (i-acetabulum) esinqeni sethu. Ngakho-ke uma sithi 'isinqe esiphukile', kusho ukuthi ithambo lingaphuka noma kuphi phezulu kwethambo lesinqe.

Odokotela bahlukanisa lokhu kuphuka kwe-hip ngokusekelwe ekutheni i-femur iphuka kuphi. Ake sibheke ukuthi kuyini:

• Ukuphuka kwekhanda le-femoral: Lokhu kuwukuphuka kwengxenye efana nebhola ye-femur, ingxenye eyindilinga phezulu kwethambo lethanga. Empeleni lokhu kuyinto engavamile kakhulu.
• Ukuphuka kwentamo ye-femoral: Ngezinye izikhathi okubizwa ngokuthi ukuphuka kwe-subcapital noma ukuphuka kwe-intracapsular, lena yingxenye efana nebhuloho ye-femur ephakathi kwekhanda eliyindilinga kanye nomgodi omude owela phansi ohlangothini. Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokuphuka kwe-hip. Lufana nentamo yebhodlela, ngakho-ke lungalimala kalula.
• Ukuqhekeka kwe-Intertrochanteric: Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zethambo (ama-trochanter) ohlangothini ngalunye lwe-femur. Yilapho imisipha inamathela khona. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuqhekeka endaweni ephakathi kwalezi zinhlobo zethambo.

Odokotela baphinde babize amagama okuphuka kwethambo ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lokuphuka kwethambo (okungukuthi, indlela eliphukile ngayo, ukuma kwalo). Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:

• Ukuqhekeka okuguquguqukayo
• Ukuqhekeka kwe-Oblique
• Ukuphuka kwe-spiral
• Ukuqhekeka kwemisipha - Lokhu kufana nengilazi ewela phansi bese iphuka.

Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu?

Lezi yizimpawu ezivamile zokuphuka kwesinqe. Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi, kufanele ukhathazeke nakanjani.

• Nginobuhlungu obukhulu kakhulu enqulwini . Lobuhlungu bungadlulela nasesinqeni.
• Awukwazi ukunyakaza izinqe noma imilenze yakho, okusho ukuthi ukuhamba kwakho kuvinjelwe kakhulu. Awukwazi ngisho nokuthwala isisindo noma ukuma.
• Kungase kube neqhubu elingazwakala esandleni, noma iqhubu elibonakala ngaphandle.
• Kuvuvukala.
• Imivimbo, lokho kusho ukuphenduka kube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
• Ilunga lesinqe lingabonakala likhubazekile futhi lisesimweni esingalungile uma ulibuka ngaphandle . Umlenze ungabonakala ufushane kancane futhi ubheke ngaphandle.

Ziyini izimbangela zokuphuka kwe-hip?

Kalula nje, ukuphuka kwesinqe kudinga ingozi enkulu kakhulu . Ngoba, njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, kuyithambo eliqinile. Izimbangela eziyinhloko yilezi:

• Ukuwa: Ikakhulukazi uma uwa endaweni ephakeme (njengeladi, uphahla, umuthi). Kodwa-ke, uma kwenzeka kumuntu osekhulile, kungenzeka noma ushelela futhi uwe umi nje.
• Izingozi zezimoto: Izingozi zezimoto, amabhayisikili, kanye nezimoto ezinamasondo amathathu zingabangela ukulimala okukhulu kanje.
• Ukulimala kwezemidlalo: Ikakhulukazi emidlalweni enomthelela omkhulu njenge-rugby nebhola.

Ubani osengozini enkulu?

Noma ubani angaba nengozi futhi aphuke isinqe. Kodwa abanye abantu basengozini enkulu. Lezi yizi:

• Abantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65: Njengoba sikhula, amathambo ethu aba buthakathaka futhi ibhalansi yethu iyancipha, okwenza kube lula ukuthi siwe.
• Abantu abanezifo ezenza amathambo abo abe buthaka. Isibonelo, uma benesifo esithi "Osteoporosis" (ukulahlekelwa amathambo) noma "Osteopenia" (ukuncipha kwamathambo). Kulezi zimo, amathambo aba buthaka njengamabhisikidi.
• Abesifazane basengozini enkulu kancane kunabesilisa, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini ngoba banamathuba amaningi okuthola i-osteoporosis.
• Abasubathi abadlala imidlalo yokuxhumana.

Ngokuvamile, ukuphuka kwesinqe kwenzeka lapho umuntu ewa esuka endaweni ephakeme. Kodwa-ke, kumuntu oneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65 noma kumuntu onamathambo abuthakathaka, amathuba okuphuka kwesinqe aphezulu kakhulu noma ngabe ashelela noma awe ngenkathi enza imisebenzi yasekhaya noma enza imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Cabanga nje, uma ugogo endlini yethu eshelela futhi awe endlini yokugezela... Njengoba amathambo eba buthakathaka kancane ngokukhula, amathuba okuphuka kwesinqe aphezulu ngisho noma ewa. Okufanayo kungenzeka kumuntu one-`(Osteoporosis)`.

Futhi, noma yisiphi isimo sempilo esithinta ibhalansi yakho, ukuzinza, noma ukuhamba kungandisa ingozi yakho yokuphuka isinqe. Ezinye izimo ezinganciphisa ibhalansi zifaka:

• (Isifo sikaParkinson)` (Isifo sikaParkinson)
• ` (Isizungu)` (Isiyezi)
• Ukukhubazeka kokuhamba
• Izifo ezibangela ukuxhuzula, njengesithuthwane.

Udokotela ukubona kanjani lokhu?

Udokotela angasho ngokuqinisekile ukuthi uphukile inqulu ngokuhlolwa ngokomzimba kanye nokuhlolwa okukhethekile kwezithombe . Uma uya egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo (ER) ngemva kokuwa kabi noma enye ingozi, odokotela balapho bangakuthola njengokuphuka.

Udokotela uzoqala ngokukubuza ukuthi ingozi yenzeke kanjani, abheke izindawo ezibuhlungu, bese ebona ukuthi ungakwazi yini ukuhambisa umlenze wakho. Ngemuva kwalokho, bazothatha izithombe zenqulu yakho nendawo ezungezile, bese besebenzisa olunye noma ngaphezulu lwezivivinyo ezilandelayo:

• I-X-ray yesinqe: Lokhu kuvame ukubona ukuphuka.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Uma i-X-ray ingacacile, noma uma kukhona ukusolakala kokuphuka okuncane, lokhu kuhlolwa kungasetshenziswa ukubona ngokucacile.
• `I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan):` Lokhu kuhlolwa kungathatha nezithombe ezinemininingwane zamathambo. Lokhu kuwusizo kakhulu lapho uhlela ukuhlinzwa.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?

Cishe wonke umuntu ophuka inqulu uzodinga ukuhlinzwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi akuvamile ukuthi kuphulukiswe kahle ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa. Uhlobo lokuhlinzwa oludingayo luzoncika ebunzimeni bokuphuka, uhlobo lwalo, ubudala bakho, impilo yakho jikelele, nokuthi ngabe unezinye izinkinga noma izimo zempilo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuhlinzwa kokuphuka kwenqulu:

• Ukufakelwa kwe-hip (noma i-hip arthroplasty): Uma umuntu omdala oneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65 ephukile i-hip, ngokuvamile kuzodingeka afake i-hip replacement. Lokhu kuhilela ukususa ingxenye eyonakele ye-hip joint bese uyishintsha nge-artificial joint eyenziwe ngensimbi, ipulasitiki, noma i-ceramic. Kungaba ukushintshwa okuphelele noma ukushintshwa okuyingxenye.
• Ukunciphisa Okuvulekile Nokulungiswa Kwangaphakathi (i-ORIF): Kule nqubo, udokotela wakho ohlinzayo ufaka izikulufo, amaphini, amapuleti, noma induku yensimbi ethanjeni lakho lenqulu ukuze abambe ithambo eliphukile endaweni yalo. Yilapho izingcezu zethambo eziphukile ziphola kahle futhi zinganyakazi. Abanye abantu kudingeka bagqoke lezi zifakelo impilo yabo yonke. Abanye bangazisusa ngemva kokuba inqulu yabo ipholile.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngemva kokuhlinzwa?

Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa, kunezinkinga ezithile ezingaba khona ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwe-hip. Kuhle ukuqaphela nalezi:

• Ukufa kwamathambo ngenxa yokulahlekelwa ukugeleza kwegazi emathanjeni (`(Avascular necrosis)`):Ikakhulukazi lapho kuphuka intamo ye-femoral, ukugeleza kwegazi ekhanda lethambo kuyaphazamiseka, futhi leyo ngxenye ingafa.
• Ukungahlanganisi: Ithambo eliphukile lingase lingapholi ngokuphelele noma ngokwengxenye, futhi lingadinga ukuhlinzwa okwengeziwe.
• I-Malunion: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ithambo eliphukile liphola ngendlela engafanele futhi liphazamiseka. Lokhu kungabangela ubuhlungu nobunzima bokuhamba isikhashana.
• Ukutheleleka kwamathambo (i-Osteomyelitis): Uma une-break evulekile (lapho ithambo liqhekeke khona esikhumbeni), usengozini enkulu yokuthola ukutheleleka ngamagciwane. Ukutheleleka kungavela nasendaweni yokuhlinzwa.
• Amahlule egazi: Amahlule egazi angakheka ngemva kokuhlinzwa, ikakhulukazi emithanjeni emikhulu yemilenze. Lawa ayingozi kakhulu ngoba angaba yingozi empilweni uma eya emaphashini.
• Ezinye izinkinga ezihlobene: Kwabantu abadala, izinto ezifana nokutheleleka kwamaphaphu kanye nokutheleleka komgudu womchamo nazo zingavela ngemva kokuhlinzwa.

Usinda kanjani kulokhu?

Ngezinye izikhathi akulula ukuvimbela ukuphuka kwezinqe, njengoba kuvame ukwenzeka ngokungalindelekile, ngenxa yokuwa ngokuzumayo noma enye ingozi. Kodwa-ke, landela lawa macebiso okuphepha ukuze unciphise ingozi yokuwa nezingozi. Lokhu akubalulekile kuwe kuphela, kodwa nasemndenini wakho:

• Gcina ikhaya lakho nendawo yakho yokusebenza icocekile futhi ingenazo izinto eziningi ezingadingekile. Susa izintambo nezinto ezikhululekile phansi. Lokhu kuzonciphisa amathuba okukhubeka wena noma abanye.
• Faka i-grab yokubamba endlini yokugezela ukuze ubambe amathayela angasheleli kanye neshawa.
• Uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65 ubudala, noma uma othile emndenini wakho ene-osteoporosis, cabanga ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuhlolwa kokuqina kwamathambo . Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi uthole amathambo abuthakathaka kusenesikhathi futhi uthole ukwelashwa.
• Landela ukudla kanye nohlelo lokuzivocavoca olusiza ukugcina impilo enhle yamathambo . Yidla ukudla okucebile nge-calcium kanye ne-vitamin D. Izinto ezifana nokuhamba kanye nokuzivocavoca okulula kuqinisa amathambo.
• Sebenzisa ithuluzi elifanele njalo (njengeladi) uma ufinyelela okuthile phezulu endlini yakho. Ungalokothi ukhwele ezihlalweni noma ematafuleni.
• Gqoka ibhande lakho lesihlalo njalo uma ushayela.
• Gqoka izingubo zokuphepha ezifanele kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi noma ezemidlalo.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphulukiswa?

Inqulu ephukile ithatha okungenani izinyanga ezimbalwa ukuze iphole. Ungase uzizwe ungcono futhi ubone ukuthuthuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi kungathatha unyaka wonke wokwelashwa. Kufana nokwakha indlu, yakhiwe kancane kancane. Isikhathi esikuthathayo ukuze uphole sincike kwezinye izinto ezimbalwa:

• Uhlobo lokuhlinzwa okwakumelwe ulwenze.
• Ngiyazibuza ukuthi kukhona yini okunye ukulimala onakho.
• Iminyaka yakho (kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuthi umuntu omdala alulame kunomuntu osemusha).
• Impilo yakho iyonke (isibonelo, uma unesifo sikashukela, ukululama kungase kubambezeleke).
• Isizathu sokuphuka kanye nobunzima bokuphuka.

Udokotela wakho ohlinzayo uzokutshela ukuthi yini ongayilindela kanye nesikhathi sokululama esifanele isimo sakho.

Kuzodingeka uqale ukwelashwa ngokomzimba (PT) ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Lokhu kungase kuqale usesesibhedlela. Kuzodingeka wenze i-PT izinyanga eziningana ngaphambi kokuba ukwazi ukunyakaza nokuhamba kahle futhi. Uchwepheshe wezokwelapha ngokomzimba uzokufundisa ukuzivocavoca nokwelula ukuze kuqiniswe imisipha ezungeze inqulu yakho futhi kwandiswe ububanzi bokunyakaza emalungeni akho. Ukwenza lokhu kuzivocavoca ngendlela efanele kubaluleke kakhulu enkambisweni yakho yokuphulukiswa.

Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kungadingeka usebenzise i-walker, induku, noma izinduku zokusibekela ngenkathi ululama. Abanye abantu badinga ukuzisebenzisa isikhathi eside. Buza udokotela wakho noma uchwepheshe wezokwelapha ngokomzimba ukuthi kufanele uzisebenzise isikhathi esingakanani lezi zinsiza zokuhamba.

Kungani inqulu ephukile iyingozi?

Ukuphuka kwenqulu akulona nje ilungu eliphukile. Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu kunalokho.

Khumbula, ukuphuka kwesinqe akuwona umdlalo, kuyisimo esibucayi esidinga usizo oluphuthumayo lwezokwelapha!

Ngaphezu komonakalo we-femur yakho kanye ne-hip joint, ukuphuka kwe-hip nakho kungabangela ukulimala okukhulu. Lokhu kungenzeka ikakhulukazi uma uwe kakhulu noma usengozini yemoto.

Noma iyiphi ingozi enkulu ngokwanele ukuphula ithambo lethanga lakho ingalimaza nomthambo wakho we-femoral. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ukopha okukhulu kungaba yingozi empilweni uma kungelashwa ngokushesha ngudokotela. Futhi, ukuphuka kwesinqe kanye nesidingo sokuhlala ungashukumi ngemva kokuhlinzwa kungandisa ingozi yokuqhekeka kwegazi.

Ukulimala okukhulu okubangela ukuphuka kwenqulu kuyingozi kakhulu kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65. Njengoba ukhula, kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuthi umzimba wakho ululame kunoma yikuphi ukulimala. Lokhu kwenzeka nakakhulu engozini enkulu njengokuphuka kwenqulu. Ukuhlinzwa kokufakelwa inqulu (kanye nesikhathi sokululama) kungaba nzima kakhulu kumuntu omdala. Uma enezinye izimo zezokwelapha, isimo singaba nzima nakakhulu.

Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi abantu abadala abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65 abaphuke isinqe banamathuba amaningi okunciphisa noma ukuyeka imisebenzi yomzimba njengokuhamba ngemva kokululama, nokuhoxa emisebenzini yomphakathi kanye nezinto zokuzilibazisa. Lo mzwangedwa ungathinta impilo yakho iyonke kanye nenhlalakahle yengqondo. Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nendlela yokuhlala ukhuthele ngemva kokuphuka kwesinqe. Bangaphakamisa izindlela eziphephile zokuhlala uxhumene nabathandekayo bakho nezinto ozijabulelayo.

Kunini lapho kudingeka uye esibhedlela ngokushesha?

Ukuphuka kwenqulu ngayinye kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Uma ucabanga ukuthi unesinqe esiphukile, shayela ku-1990 (noma inombolo yakho yesimo esiphuthumayo yendawo) ngokushesha. Shayela izinsizakalo eziphuthumayo uma uke wawela, waba sengozini yemoto, noma enye ingozi enkulu futhi unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu:

• Awukwazi ukunyakazisa izinqe noma imilenze yakho.
• Kukhona ubuhlungu obungabekezeleleki.
• Isinqe noma umlenze wakho ubukeka uhlukile, awubukeki lapho wawukhona ngaphambili, ubukeka sengathi weluliwe.
• Ngezinye izikhathi isikhumba siyabhobozwa futhi amathambo ayabonakala (lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu).
• Inqulu yakho ivuvukele kakhulu.
• Kanye nalezi ezinye izimpawu, kuvela ukulimala okukhulu okungazelelwe (ukuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka).

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela?

Uma welapha wena noma umuntu omaziyo ophuke isinqe, kuwumqondo omuhle ukubuza udokotela wakho imibuzo efana nale ukuze uthole ukuqonda okucacile ngesimo.

• Uhlobo luni lokuphuka kwenqulu enginalo? Kubi kangakanani?
• Uhlobo luni lokuhlinzwa engizoludinga? Yini engingayilindela kukho?
• Yiziphi izingozi ezingaba khona ngemva kokuhlinzwa?
• Kunini lapho kufanele ngiqale khona ukwelashwa ngokomzimba (`PT`)?
• Kuzongithatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi ngilulame ngokugcwele? Ingabe ngizokwazi ukusebenza futhi?
• Yini ongayenza ukuze ulawule ubuhlungu?

Ungakwazi yini ukuhamba nesinqe esiphukile?

Cha. Awukwazi ukuma, ukuhamba, noma ukubeka noma yisiphi isisindo esinqeni esiphukile. Ukucindezela isinqe kungenza ukuphuka kube kubi kakhulu, kuhlukanise ithambo eliphukile, kulimaze imithambo yegazi ezungezile kanye nemizwa, futhi kubangele ezinye izinkinga kanye nokulimala.

Udokotela wakho ohlinzayo noma umhlinzeki wezempilo uzokukhombisa ukuthi ungama kanjani, uhambe kanjani, futhi uhambe kanjani ngokuphephile ngemva kokuhlinzwa kanye nangesikhathi sokululama kwakho. Landela imiyalelo yabo ngokucophelela.

Kulungile yini ukushukumisa umuntu ophuke isinqe?

Uma ucabanga ukuthi othile uphuke inqulu, shayela u-1990 (noma inombolo yakho yesimo esiphuthumayo yasendaweni) ngokushesha. Ochwepheshe bezempilo abaqeqeshiwe kuphela okufanele bashukumise, baphakamise, noma bashukumise umuntu ophuke inqulu. Zama ukugcina umuntu elele phansi ethule ngangokunokwenzeka, ngaphandle kokumshukumisa. Ungamcindezeli emlenzeni wakhe noma uzame ukumenza ame noma ahambe. Ukwenza kanjalo kungenza ukulimala kube kubi kakhulu.

Uma ushayela ucingo izinsizakalo eziphuthumayo, cela umuntu ophendula ucingo ukuthi akunike imiyalelo yokuthi ungamgcina kanjani ephephile futhi ezinzile kuze kufike usizo.

Ukuphuka kwenqulu kuyisenzakalo esesabekayo nesibuhlungu. Ikakhulukazi njengoba kungenzeka ngemizuzwana embalwa, kusukela ekuweni okungazelelwe noma engozini yemoto. Ukululama ekuhlinzweni kwenqulu kungaba inqubo ende nenzima. Gubha yonke intuthuko encane ohambweni lwakho lokululama. Uma unenkinga yokunyakaza noma ukuzivocavoca, tshela udokotela wakho noma uchwepheshe wezokwelapha ngokomzimba. Bangakusiza ukunqoba noma yiziphi izinselele ongase ubhekane nazo.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Akudingeki uphile ngokwesaba ukuphuka kwenqulu. Kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezingakubangela nokuthi unganciphisa kanjani ingozi yakho. Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuhlolwa njalo okungathola izinguquko ekuqineni kwamathambo akho noma empilweni yakho yonke ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke ingozi. Zivikele ekuweni futhi ugcine amathambo akho eqinile. Ngoba inqulu enempilo iyisihluthulelo sempilo ekhululekile nejabulisayo! Ngokubekezela nokulandela iseluleko sikadokotela wakho, ungalulama kahle kulesi simo.

Ukuphuka kwenqulu, Ukuphuka kwenqulu, Ukuphuka kwenqulu, I-Femur, Ukuwa kwasebekhulile, I-Osteoporosis, Ukuhlinzwa kwenqulu