Ingakanani igciwane le-HIV emzimbeni wakho? Ake sithole kabanzi nge-HIV Viral Load ngendlela elula!

Kuvamile ukuzizwa ukhungathekile uma uthola ukuthi une-HIV. Kodwa udokotela wakho uvame ukukhuluma ngale `(HIV Viral Load)`. Ngakho-ke, cishe unemibuzo eminingi mayelana nokuthi iyini i-`(HIV Viral Load)`, isho ukuthini, nokuthi kungani ihlolwa. Ungakhathazeki, ake sixoxe ngakho konke lokhu kalula nangokucacile.

Kuyini i-HIV Viral Load? Kusho ukuthini ngempela?

Kalula nje, umthamo wegciwane le-HIV uyisilinganiso sokuthi ingakanani i-HIV (i-Human Immunodeficiency Virus) egazini lakho. Ngokuqondile, inani legciwane elingatholakala ekuhlolweni kwegazi. Udokotela wakho usebenzisa lesi sivivinyo ukuze abone ukuthi ukwelashwa kwakho nge-antiretroviral (ART) kusebenza kahle kangakanani.

Manje bheka, i-HIV iwukutheleleka kwegciwane okuhlala isikhathi eside okunciphisa amandla ethu omzimba okuzivikela, okunciphisa ikhono lethu lokulwa nezifo. Ngakho-ke, umthwalo wegciwane ophezulu usho ukuthi igciwane lisebenza kakhulu emzimbeni wakho futhi lenza amakhophi engeziwe. Lokho kusho ukuthi lesi sifo singase sibe sibi kakhulu. Kodwa, umthwalo wegciwane ophansi usho ukuthi inani legciwane egazini lakho lincane kakhulu. Esikuthembayo sonke, odokotela abazama ukukwenza ukusebenzisa le mithi '(ART)' ukuze banciphise igciwane liye ezingeni elingatholakali ngisho nangezivivinyo zamanje, okungukuthi, ezingeni "elingabonakali" .

Kusetshenziswa ini ukuhlolwa kwe-viral load?

Uma une-HIV, odokotela basebenzisa la manani e-viral load ngezizathu eziningana:

• Qaphela ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa kwakho ngama-antiretroviral (ART) . Lokhu kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi umuthi uyasebenza noma udinga ukwenza ushintsho.
• Leli nani lisiza udokotela wakho ukuthi enze izinqumo zokwelashwa . Lingashintsha ngisho nohlobo noma umthamo womuthi wakho.
• Lokhu kuhlolwa kusetshenziselwa ukuthola ukutheleleka nge-HIV ezinganeni ezizalwa ngomama abane-HIV zisencane .
• Futhi ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukutheleleka kwe-HIV kusenesikhathi . Nakuba kunezinye izivivinyo ezivame ukuthola i-HIV, kungenzeka ukuthi muva nje uke waba nazo:
• Uma kwakukhona ingozi enkulu yokuchayeka ku-HIV.
• Uma kungenzeka ukuthi utholakale une-HIV futhi ubonisa izimpawu ze-HIV .
• Lokhu futhi kukusiza ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi uthatha imithi yakho njengoba uyalelwe , ngoba kuphela uma uthatha imithi yakho ngendlela efanele lapho i-viral load yakho incipha khona.

Cabanga nje, umngane wakho uSumit unegciwane lesandulela ngculazi. Uma ephuza imithi yakhe (i-ART) njengoba eyalelwe udokotela, umthamo wakhe wegciwane uzoncipha kancane kancane. Lokho kusho ukuthi imithi iyasebenza! Kodwa uma eqa ukuthatha imithi yakhe, umthamo wakhe wegciwane unganda futhi. Yingakho lokhu kuhlolwa kubalulekile.

Lolu hlolo lwe-viral load lwenziwa nini?

Uma utholakala une-HIV okokuqala, udokotela wakho uzokwenza lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-viral load. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukuze abone ukuthi usabela kanjani ekwelashweni kwakho, i-viral load yakho izoqashwa kanye ne-CD4 count yakho (uhlobo lweseli lokuzivikela komzimba). Lawa manani angatshela udokotela wakho ukuthi imithi yakho isebenza kahle kangakanani nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini izinguquko okudingeka zenziwe ohlelweni lwakho lokwelashwa.

Ngokuvamile, uzoba nokuhlolwa kwenani legciwane egazini ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kwezintathu ngemuva kokuqala i-ART. Ngemva kwalokho, kuzodingeka ukuthi lokhu kuhlolwa kuphindwe njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha . Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, udokotela wakho angase alungise lolu hlelo ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV Viral Load kusebenza kanjani?

Elabhorethri, uchwepheshe uzohlola isampula yegazi lakho ukuze athole umthamo wegciwane lakho le-HIV. Ukuhlolwa okukhethekile okubizwa ngokuthi i-Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT) kusetshenziselwa ukuthola inani lezinto zofuzo ze-HIV (i-RNA) egazini lakho. Cabanga nge-NAAT njengengilazi yokukhulisa amagciwane. Ingathola ngisho nenani elincane kakhulu legciwane.

Ingabe kukhona engikudingayo ukulungiselela ngaphambi kokuhlolwa?

Cha, awudingi ukwenza lutho olukhethekile ukuze ulungiselele lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-viral load. Ungadla futhi uphuze imithi yakho njengokujwayelekile.

Yini okufanele uyilindele lapho ubhala isivivinyo?

Udokotela noma umhlengikazi uzosebenzisa inalithi encane ukuthatha isampula yegazi emthanjeni osengalweni yakho. Ungase uzizwe ubuhlungu noma ukungakhululeki lapho inalithi ifakwa futhi ikhishwa. Ihlala imizuzwana embalwa kuphela. Isampula yegazi bese ithunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze ihlolwe.

Ingabe zikhona izingozi ngalokhu kuhlolwa kwe-HIV viral load?

Izingozi zalokhu kuhlolwa kwe-viral load ziphansi kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi, kungaba nzima kancane uma kufanele uhlabe inaliti izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa ukuze uthole umthambo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, nansi eminye yezingozi ezincane ezingase zenzeke lapho uthatha igazi:

• Ukuzizwa uphelelwe amandla, noma sengathi usuzolahlekelwa ingqondo.
• Kulungile ukuba nokulimala okukhulu, ukuqoqwa kwegazi ngaphansi kwesikhumba (`(Hematoma)`).
• Ukutheleleka (lokhu akuvamile kakhulu).
• Ukopha okuqhubekayo (lokhu nakho akuvamile kakhulu).

Ungesabi lezi zinto, ngoba azenzeki njalo.

Iyini imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-viral load?

Odokotela babika ukuthi inani legciwane egazini liyinani lamakhophi e-HIV RNA nge-milliliter ngayinye ye-plasma (ingxenye ewuketshezi yegazi lakho). Lokhu kuvame ukubhalwa ngokuthi (amakhophi/mL) noma (amayunithi/mL) ngenombolo efanele.

Imiphumela ingasukela kumakhophi angaphansi kwama-20/mL kuya kumakhophi angaphezu kuka-100,000/mL. Kodwa-ke, okubaluleke kakhulu kunenombolo eyodwa ukuthi imiphumela yakho ishintsha kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Uma umthwalo wakho wegciwane wehla , kusho ukuthi i-ART yakho isebenza kahle. Uma umthwalo wakho wegciwane wenyuka , udokotela wakho kungadingeka ashintshe imithi yakho.

Ungase uthole nomphumela othi "Negative" . Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuhlolwa akukwazanga ukuthola i-HIV `(RNA)`. Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi "Okungatholakali".

Ingabe kukhona inani legciwane "elijwayelekile" le-HIV?

Ayikho into efana nomthamo wegciwane le-HIV "ojwayelekile". Into ebalulekile ukuthi amazinga akho ehle ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Into engcono kakhulu ukuthi umthamo wakho wegciwane wehle uye ezingeni "elingabonakali" (phakathi kwamakhophi angu-20 no-50/mL, kuye ngelebhu).

"Ukungabonakali" akusho ukuthi usuphulukisiwe - ungase ube "nokutheleleka" uma uthatha ezinye izivivinyo ze-HIV. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-HIV ingalala ingasebenzi emaseli akho futhi ingaphinde isebenze uma uyeka ukuthatha i-ART. "Ukungabonakali" kusho ukuthi unegciwane eliphansi kakhulu, okusho ukuthi i-ART yakho isebenza kahle. Uma nje i-HIV egazini lakho isezingeni "elingabonakali", futhi i-ART yakho iqhubeka nokusebenza kahle, awukwazi ukudlulisela i-HIV komunye umuntu ngocansi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu!

Kusho ukuthini ukuthi inani legciwane elingu-200 likhona?

Uma umthamo wakho wegciwane ungaphansi kuka-200, kubizwa ngokuthi "ukucindezelwa kwegciwane." Lokhu kusho ukuthi unamazinga aphansi kakhulu e-HIV egazini lakho. Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi uma umthamo wakho wegciwane uhlala ungaphansi kwamakhophi angu-200/mL, amathuba akho okuthola i-HIV kumuntu olala naye cishe acishe abe yi-zero. Esikhathini esidlule, noma yini engaphansi kwamakhophi angu-200/mL yayibhekwa "njengengatholakali." Kodwa ukuhlolwa okusha, okubucayi kakhulu kungathola amazinga aphansi ngisho nangokwe-HIV—phakathi kwamakhophi angu-20 no-50/mL. Ngakho-ke manje "okungatholakali" kusho into efana naleyo.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukwazi imiphumela?

Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi kufanele ulindele nini imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-viral load yakho nokuthi uzoyithola kanjani. Ngokuvamile kuthatha cishe isonto noma amabili ukuthola imiphumela.

Kufanele ngixhumane nini nodokotela wami?

Uma unemibuzo mayelana nemiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa, xhumana nodokotela wakho. Futhi, uma unezimpawu zokutheleleka - isibonelo, ubuhlungu, ukuvuvukala, ubomvu, umkhuhlane - hamba esibhedlela ngokushesha.

Ingabe ngidinga i-PrEP uma umthamo wegciwane lomlingani wami ulawulwa?

Uma ungenayo i-HIV futhi umlingani wakho ene-HIV, kuphephile kakhulu ukuthatha i-PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis) . Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha i-PrEP uma umthamo wegciwane lomlingani wakho ngezinye izikhathi "ubonakala" noma uma ngezinye izikhathi eqa imithamo ye-ART.

Kodwa-ke, uma izinga lakhe le-HIV "lihlala lingabonakali" futhi ethatha i-ART yakhe ngendlela efanele, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yimithamo, ungase ucabangele ukungayithathi i-PrEP. Kodwa-ke, umlingani wakho kufanele aqhubeke nokuthatha i-ART yakhe ngendlela efanele futhi ahlolwe njalo umthamo wegciwane lakhe. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngendlela engcono kakhulu yokunciphisa ingozi yakho yokudluliselwa kwe-HIV.

Khumbula, umqondo othi "Okungatholakali = Okungadluliseleki" (U=U) manje usuwamukelwa kabanzi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma umuntu one-HIV enegciwane elingatholakali, akanakudlulisela i-HIV ngokuxhumana ngokocansi. Lokhu kuyimpumuzo enkulu kubantu abaphila ne-HIV kanye nabathandekayo babo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule kulokho esixoxe ngakho (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Umthamo wegciwane le-HIV uyisilinganiso sokuthi i-HIV isebenza kangakanani emzimbeni wakho. Ukuhlolwa komthamo wegciwane kuyindlela enhle yokuthi udokotela wakho aqaphe impilo yakho kanye nokusebenza kahle kwemithi oyiphuzayo.

Okwamanje kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zokwelapha ngama-antiretroviral (ART). Uma imithi yakho ingasebenzi kahle njengoba ubungathanda, noma uma iyeka ukusebenza ngemva kwesikhashana, kungase kube nezinye izindlela zokulawula umthamo wakho wegciwane futhi. Ungalokothi ulahle ithemba.

Qiniseka ukuthi uyaqonda ukuthi imiphumela yakho ye-viral load isho ukuthini nokuthi ithinta kanjani uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa. Kubalulekile ukwazi ngempilo yakho nokusebenzisana nodokotela wakho.

I- HIV, umthamo wegciwane, i-ART, ukwelashwa ngama-antiretroviral, ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV, okungatholakali, i-U=U