Ingabe izinga le-carbon dioxide egazini lakho (CO2) liphezulu? Ake sixoxe nge-hypercapnia!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa ukhathele nje? Noma uzizwa uphelelwa umoya, noma uphathwa yikhanda? Nakuba lezi kuyizinto ezivamile, ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nesinye isizathu salokhu. Okusho ukuthi, inani le-carbon dioxide (CO2) egazini lakho liphezulu kakhulu. Kwezokwelapha, lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-hypercapnia , futhi ngezinye izikhathi i-hypercarbia . Ngakho-ke, ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe nanamuhla.

Kuyini ngempela i-hypercapnia?

Kalula nje, i-hypercapnia yilapho inani le-carbon dioxide (CO2) egazini lakho liphakeme kunezinga elinconywayo. Manje, bheka, le-carbon dioxide (CO2) ikhiqizwa njengomkhiqizo ophumayo lapho amangqamuzana omzimba wethu ekhiqiza amandla. Amangqamuzana ethu abomvu egazi abe eseqoqa le-CO2 bese eyiyisa emaphashini, lapho ikhishwa khona lapho sikhipha umoya. Ngakho-ke, uma ngesizathu esithile umzimba wethu ungakwazi ukukhipha kahle lo mkhiqizo ongcolile obizwa ngokuthi i-carbon dioxide, uqala ukuqongelela egazini. Yilokho okubizwa ngakho i-hypercapnia.

Lesi simo singaba esingapheli , sibe nezimpawu ezifana nokuphelelwa umoya (ukuphelelwa umoya) kanye nokukhathala emini. Ngezinye izikhathi singaba sibi kakhulu, sibe nezimpawu ezinzima kakhulu.

Okubalulekile: I-hypercapnia ebukhali iyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Ingathinta ubuchopho (izimpawu zemizwa) futhi ibangele ukudideka, ukudideka, kanye nokwesaba.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Hypercapnia ne-Hypoxemia?

Lokhu okubili kungaba yinto edidayo kancane. I-Hypercapnia ukwanda kwe-carbon dioxide (CO2) egazini. I-Hypoxemia ukwehla kwenani lomoya-mpilo egazini. Ngezinye izikhathi zombili lezi zimo zingenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa. Lokho kusho ukuthi kungaba nokwanda kwe-CO2 egazini kanye nokwehla komoya-mpilo.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Hypercapnia?

Kunezimpawu eziningana ezingase zivele esimweni se-hypercapnia. Lezi zingahluka kuye ngohlobo lwesifo (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi singelapheki noma sibi kakhulu).

• Ukuphelelwa umoya: Kungase kuzwakale sengathi awukwazi ukuphefumula, sengathi isifuba sakho siyacinana.
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda: Ikhanda elibuhlungu elivame ukwenzeka, ngezinye izikhathi libe libi kakhulu ekuseni.
• Ukukhathala okuqhubekayo noma ukuvilapha emini: Umuzwa wokukhathala kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ulala kangakanani.
• Ukudideka: Ukulahlekelwa ukuqonda okucacile kwezinto ezifana nendawo nesikhathi.
• Ukudideka noma isimo sengqondo esishintshile: Izinguquko ekucabangeni nasekuthatheni izinqumo.
• I-paranoia: Ukwesaba okungenangqondo ukuthi abanye bazokulimaza.
• Ukucindezeleka: Isimo sokuzizwa ungajabule futhi ungenathemba.
• Ukuquleka: Kwezinye izimo ezinzima, kungase kube nezimo ezifana nokuquleka.

I-hypercapnia engapheli ingase iqale ivele nezimpawu ezincane njengokukhathala, ikhanda elibuhlungu, kanye nokuphefumula okufushane. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kungaqhubekela phambili ezimpawini ezihlobene nobuchopho ezifana nokudideka. I-hypercapnia ebukhali ingabangela ukuqala ngokuzumayo kwezimpawu ezihlobene nobuchopho, ikhanda elibuhlungu, kanye nokuphefumula okufushane.

Ziyini izimbangela ze-hypercapnia?

I-Hypercapnia ingabangelwa yinoma yisiphi isimo esikhuphula izinga le-carbon dioxide (CO2) emzimbeni, noma esivimbela i-CO2 ukuthi ingene emaphashini futhi iphume emzimbeni. Izici ezimbili eziyinhloko ezifaka isandla kulokhu ukuphefumula okungenawo umoya kanye nokungalingani kwe-V/Q .

• Ukuphefumula kancane: Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinga lokuphefumula kwakho lihamba kancane kakhulu, noma uphefumula kancane kakhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi awukwazi ukukhipha kahle inani le-CO2 elikhiqizwa emzimbeni wakho.
• Ukungafani kwe-V/Q: Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane. Kalula nje, u-"V" umele i-Ventilation, okuyinani lomoya ongena emaphashini. U-"Q" umele i-Perfusion, okuyinani legazi eligeleza emaphashini. Ngakho-ke, uma amaphaphu ethola umoya owanele kodwa igazi lingahambi kahle, noma uma igazi lihamba kahle kodwa umoya ungahambi kahle, lesi silinganiso se-V/Q siba esingalingani. Kwezinye izifo zamaphaphu, kukhona "isikhala esifile" e-alveoli yamaphaphu, lapho igazi lingahambi khona igazi elanele. Khona-ke, noma amaphaphu egcwele umoya, akuwona wonke ama-CO2 angasuswa egazini.

I-COPD (Isifo Esingapheli Sokuvimbela Amaphaphu) kanye ne-sleep apnea yizimbangela ezimbili ezivame kakhulu ze-hypercapnia. Kukhona nezinye izimbangela:

• Izimo ezenza buthaka uhlelo olulawula ukuphefumula kwakho: Izibonelo zifaka phakathi isifo sohlangothi, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwemithi yokudambisa ukucindezeleka, i-hypoventilation syndrome yokukhuluphala, kanye ne-hypothyroidism.
• Izimo ezithinta umgogodla wakho, imizwa, noma ukulawula imisipha: Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-multiple sclerosis (MS), izinkinga zemizwa noma umgogodla, i-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), kanye ne-muscular dystrophy.
• Izinguquko ekwakhiweni kwesifuba noma umgogodla:Izibonelo zifaka phakathi isifuba esithambile (ukuphuka kodonga lwesifuba) kanye ne-ankylosing spondylitis (ukuvuvukala kwamalunga omgogodla).
• Ubuthi: Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-tetanus kanye ne-botulism.
• I-embolism yamaphaphu.
• Isifo semithambo yegazi.

Umkhuhlane kanye nokuzivocavoca nakho kungabangela ukwanda kwamazinga e-CO2. Kodwa-ke, imizimba yabantu abaningi iyajwayela lokhu futhi ibuyele esimweni sayo esijwayelekile. Ngezinye izikhathi, i-hypercapnia ingenzeka ngisho nalapho umuntu one-COPD enikezwa umoya-mpilo.

Yiziphi izinto ezibangela lesi simo?

Abantu abanesifo senhliziyo, isifo samaphaphu, isifo semisipha, kanye nezifo zesimiso sezinzwa (ubuchopho nomgogodla) basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-hypercapnia. Futhi, uma uthatha imithi ekwenza ulale (isib. ama-opioid, ama-benzodiazepines), ungase ube sengozini enkulu yokuthola i-hypercapnia ngoba ukuphefumula kwakho kungase kube okuphansi noma okuhamba kancane.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa ye-hypercapnia?

Uma umzimba wakho ungakwazi ukulawula la mazinga aphezulu e-carbon dioxide, kungavela izimo ezisongela ukuphila. Lezi zifaka:

• I-acidosis yokuphefumula: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-pH yegazi lakho yehla ngaphansi kwamazinga ajwayelekile, okwenza kube ne-acid kakhulu.
• Ukwehluleka kokuphefumula: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho izicubu zomzimba wakho zingakwazi ukuthola umoya-mpilo owanele.
• Ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo.
• I-Coma.

Itholakala kanjani i-Hypercarbia?

Ukuze kutholakale i-hypercapnia, odokotela bazokwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi okukhethekile okukala inani le-carbon dioxide egazini lakho. Bangase benze nezinye izivivinyo ukuhlola ezinye izimo ezingase zibangele i-hypercapnia.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezingasetshenziswa?

Ukuhlolwa okunjengalokhu kungenziwa ukuze kutholakale i-hypercapnia noma izimo ezibangela lokhu:

• I-pulse oximetry: Lokhu kusebenzisa inzwa encane ebekwe emunweni wakho ukukala inani lomoya-mpilo egazini lakho. Lokhu ukuhlolwa okuvamile nokungenabuhlungu. Kunganikeza udokotela wakho umbono osheshayo ngesimo sakho.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegesi yegazi lemithambo (ABG): Lokhu kulinganisa izinga le-carbon dioxide egazini lakho ngokuthatha isampula yegazi esihlakaleni sakho, engalweni, noma esinqeni usebenzisa inaliti.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Kungenziwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuhlukahlukene ukuthola i-hypercapnia noma izimbangela zayo. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi ukubalwa kwegazi okuphelele (i-CBC), ukuhlolwa kwe-toxicology, ukuhlolwa kwegazi le-CO2, kanye nokuhlolwa kokusebenza kwe-thyroid.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe:Udokotela angase acele ukuthi kwenziwe i-X-ray yesifuba noma i-CT scan yesifuba/yekhanda ukuze azame ukuthola izimo zezempilo eziyisisekelo.
• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu (ama-PFT): Lokhu kuhlolwa kungenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani ukuthola izimo zezokwelapha eziyisisekelo.

Iphathwa kanjani i-hypercarbia?

Ukwelashwa kwe-hypercapnia kuncike embangela. Odokotela bangase basebenzise lezi zindlela zokwelapha ezilandelayo:

• Umoya ongenawo umoya ongcolile (NIV): Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa umshini ukukusiza uphefumule ngemaski efanela ubuso bakho. Isibonelo, imishini ye-CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) noma i-BiPAP (Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure) (evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-BiPAP®).
• Ukwelashwa nge-oxygen.
• Imithi yokuguqula ukudlula ngokweqile: Uma i-hypercapnia ibangelwa ukudlula ngokweqile kwemithi ebangela ukozela (isib. ama-opioid), udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi ethile engaguqula imiphumela yaleyo mithi.
• Umoya wokuphefumula ngomshini: Kwezinye izimo ezinzima, isiguli singadinga ukuxhunywa emshinini wokuphefumula.

Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?

Ukunikeza umoya-mpilo kumuntu one-COPD ngezinye izikhathi kungenza i-hypercapnia ibe yimbi kakhulu. Lokhu kungandisa ukungalingani kwe-V/Q, noma amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi angakhipha i-CO2 egazini (umphumela we-Haldane), kodwa umzimba awukwazi ukuyisusa kahle leyo CO2.

Ingabe i-Hypercapnia ingavinjelwa?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela i-hypercapnia ukuphuza yonke imithi oyinikezwe njengoba uyalelwe kanye nokuphatha noma yiziphi izimo zezokwelapha eziyisisekelo. Uma une-COPD, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nendlela yokuphatha ukuqubuka kwesifo.

Iyini inhloso ye-hypercarbia?

Umbono we-hypercapnia uncike embangela. Izimbangela eziningi, uma zitholakale kusenesikhathi, zingelashwa. I-hypercapnia yesikhathi eside ebangelwa yi-sleep apnea ingavinjelwa ngokusebenzisa idivayisi enqunywe udokotela noma ngezinhlobo ezithile zokuhlinzwa.

Ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuthi phakathi kwabantu abane-COPD, labo abane-hypercapnia bangase babe nesibikezelo esibi kakhulu kunalabo abangenayo i-hypercapnia.

Ngizinakekela kanjani?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzinakekela ukuphatha noma yiziphi izimo ezikubangela i-hypercapnia. Uma une-COPD, i-sleep apnea, noma esinye isimo esikufaka engozini ye-hypercapnia, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nezimpawu okufanele uziqaphele.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma unezimpawu ze-hypercapnia, ikakhulukazi uma unezinye izimo zezokwelapha ezikubeka engozini, khuluma nodokotela wakho.

Kufanele ngiye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu ezinkulu, iya ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo eliseduze ngokushesha:

• Ukuquleka.
• Isimo sengqondo esishintshile noma ukudideka.
• Ukudideka.
• Ukudideka kwengqondo (i-Paranoia).
• Isikhumba esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, izinzipho noma izindebe.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Kungaba usizo ukubuza udokotela wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Kungani lokhu kwenzeke kimi?
• Lokhu kungavinjelwa kanjani esikhathini esizayo?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha enginazo?

Imizimba yethu izama njalo ukugcina ibhalansi ngaphandle kokuthi sicabange ngakho. Amazinga e-oxygen ne-carbon dioxide angashintshashintsha, kodwa imizimba yethu iyazivumelanisa nawo. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izimo zezokwelapha zenza kube nzima ngemizimba yethu ukugcina ibhalansi eyidingayo. Yilapho izimo ezifana ne-hypercapnia zenzeka khona.

I-carbon dioxide eningi eyenzeka ngesikhathi se-hypercapnia ingabangela izinkinga ezisongela impilo. Uma unesifo esikufaka engozini ye-hypercapnia, yenza uhlelo nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma uthola izimpawu ezikhathazayo. Bona udokotela ngokushesha uma unezimpawu ze-hypercapnia. Yiya ekamelweni eliphuthumayo uma unezinguquko zengqondo ezifana nokudideka, ukuxhuzula, noma ukudideka.

Isifinyezo (Umyalezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya)

Bangani abathandekayo, ngithemba ukuthi manje seniyaqonda kahle ukuthi iyini i-hypercapnia, izimbangela zayo, izimpawu, kanye nokwelashwa kwayo. Khumbula, ukwanda kwenani le-carbon dioxide (CO2) egazini lakho akuyona into okufanele ithathwe kalula.

• Uma unezimpawu ezifana nokukhathala njalo, ukuphelelwa umoya, noma ikhanda elibuhlungu elingapheli , khuluma nodokotela ngakho.
• Uma unezifo zamaphaphu ezifana ne-COPD noma i-sleep apnea , qaphela kakhulu i-hypercapnia.
• Uma uzwa izimpawu ezifana nokulahlekelwa yingqondo ngokuzumayo, ukudideka, noma ukuxhuzula , kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Yiya esibhedlela ngokushesha.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela iseluleko sezokwelapha nokuphuza imithi oyinikezwe ngendlela efanele.

Kwangathi sonke singaba namandla okuphila impilo enempilo!

I- Hypercapnia, i-Carbon Dioxide, Ubunzima Bokuphefumula, i-COPD, i-Sleep Apnea, Ukuhlolwa Kwegesi Yegazi, Isifo Sokuphefumula