Ingabe uvame ukuzizwa ubuthakathaka futhi amathambo akho ebuhlungu? Noma ingabe udokotela wakho wabheka umbiko wegazi wathi, "Izinga lakho le-calcium liphezulu kancane"? Mhlawumbe isizathu salokhu yisimo esingakhulumi kakhulu ngaso, kodwa sibaluleke kakhulu. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi i-hyperparathyroidism ngendlela elula ongayiqonda.
Kuyini i-hyperparathyroidism?
Kalula nje, i-hyperparathyroidism ilapho enye noma ngaphezulu kwezindlala zakho ze-parathyroid zisebenza ngokweqile futhi zikhiqize i-parathyroid hormone (PTH) eningi kakhulu. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi izinga le-calcium egazini lakho likhuphuke. Ngokwezokwelapha lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-hypercalcemia .
Cabanga nje, ngemuva kwendlala yegilo entanyeni yethu, kunezindlala ezine ezincane ezingangenhlamvu yelayisi. Lezi zibizwa ngokuthi izindlala ze-parathyroid. Njengebhola elilawula izinga lamanzi ethangini lethu lamanzi ekhaya, umsebenzi oyinhloko walezi zindlala ukulawula amazinga e-calcium ne-phosphate egazini lethu ngamazinga afanele.
Nansi indlela esebenza ngayo:
- Uma amazinga e-calcium egazini ehla, la ma-gland akhiqiza i-hormone i-PTH.
- Le hormone ye-PTH ithumela isignali emathanjeni ethu ukuze "sikhiphe i-calcium egazini."
- Iphinde itshele izinso ukuthi "zinciphise inani le-calcium ekhishwa emchameni futhi ziyigcine emzimbeni."
- Ngemuva kwalokho, izinso zivuselela i-vitamin D bese ziyithumela emathunjini ethu . Ngemuva kwalokho, amathumbu amunca i-calcium ekudleni esikudlayo kahle.
Lolu uhlelo olulinganiselayo kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ku-hyperparathyroidism, i-PTH hormone ikhiqizwa ngokweqile, okubangela ukuthi amathambo akhiphe i-calcium njalo, okwenza abe mncane futhi abe buthakathaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-calcium eyengeziwe eqongelela egazini ingafakwa ezinso (ezingakha amatshe), emithanjeni yegazi, enhliziyweni, nakwezinye izitho zomzimba, okubangela izinkinga ezahlukene zempilo.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zalesi simo?
I-Hyperparathyroidism ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko, ezihlukaniswa ngokwendlela ezenzeka ngayo.
| Uhlobo | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| I-hyperparathyroidism eyinhloko | Inkinga kulokhu imayelana nendlala ye-parathyroid uqobo lwayo. Isimila (ngokuvamile esingesona umdlavuza) endlaleni noma ukwanda kwendlala kubangela ukuthi umzimba ukhiqize i-PTH hormone ngisho noma ungayidingi. |
| I-hyperparathyroidism yesibili | Akuyona iphutha lezindlala lapha. Esinye isimo sezokwelapha (ngokuvamile iSifo Sezinso Esingapheli) sibangela ukuba amazinga e-calcium emzimbeni ehle. Ngenxa yalokho, izindlala ze-parathyroid ziqala ukusebenza isikhathi esengeziwe ukuze zilungise ukuntuleka kwazo. |
| I-hyperparathyroidism ephakeme | Lokhu kwenzeka uma lesi simo sesibili singelashwa isikhathi eside. Izindlala ziyaqhubeka nokusebenza kanzima kakhulu, zikhula futhi zikhiqize i-PTH hormone ngokungalawuleki. |
Ziyini izimpawu?
Iningi labantu abanalesi simo abanazo izimpawu . Amazinga aphezulu e-calcium egazini avame ukutholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwegazi okwenziwe ngesinye isizathu. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu, ikakhulukazi lapho amazinga abo e-calcium ephezulu kakhulu, bangase babe nezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Ubuhlungu bamathambo namalunga
- Ubuthakathaka bemisipha
- Ukukhathala okuqhubekayo nokukhathala
- Ukucindezeleka
- Ubunzima bokugxila entweni eyodwa
- Isifiso sokudla
- Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
- Ukudideka, ukukhohlwa izinto
- Ukuzizwa womile kakhulu futhi udinga ukuchama njalo
- Ukuqunjelwa
Khumbula, lezi zimpawu zivame kakhulu. Akuwona wonke umuntu onazo one-hyperparathyroidism. Kodwa uma lezi zimpawu ziqhubeka, kungcono ukubona udokotela.
Yini ebangela lokhu?
Ake sibheke izizathu zalezi zinhlobo ezintathu esixoxe ngazo ngaphambili ngokwehlukana.
Izimbangela ze-Primary Hyperparathyroidism
- I-Adenoma: Lesi isimila esingeyona umdlavuza esakheka endlaleni ye-parathyroid. Lesi yimbangela evame kakhulu ye-primary hyperparathyroidism.
- I-Hyperplasia: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho enye yezindlala ze-parathyroid iba nkulu.
- Umdlavuza:Umdlavuza wezindlala ze-parathyroid uyimbangela engavamile kakhulu .
Izimbangela ze-Hyperparathyroidism yesibili
Imbangela eyinhloko yalokhu yiSifo Sezinso Esingapheli (CKD) . Uma izinso zingasebenzi kahle, amazinga e-phosphate emzimbeni ayanda futhi amazinga e-vitamin D ayancipha. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi amazinga e-calcium egazini ehle. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kulungiswe lokhu kuntuleka kwe-calcium, izindlala ze-parathyroid zikhiqiza i-PTH hormone eningi kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuntuleka okukhulu kwevithamini D (ngenxa yokungashiswa yilanga noma ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo) nakho kungabangela lokhu.
Ungasibona kanjani lesi simo?
Udokotela wakho uzolalela izimpawu zakho, akuhlole, futhi akuthumelele izivivinyo ezithile uma esola lesi simo.
| Ukuhlolwa | Ubhekeni? |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi | Amazinga e-calcium egazini, i-PTH hormone, i-vitamin D, i-phosphate, kanye nokusebenza kwezinso (i-Creatinine) ayahlolwa. |
| Ukuhlolwa Komchamo Kwamahora Angama-24 | Inani le-calcium emchameni eliqoqwe emahoreni angama-24 liyalinganiswa. |
| Ukuskena kwe-Parathyroid | Lokhu kungasiza ekutholeni ukuthi iyiphi indlala esebenza ngokweqile. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. |
| Ukuskena kwe-Ultrasound | Isetshenziselwa ukuhlola isimo sezindlala nezinso entanyeni. |
| Ukuskena Ubuningi Bamathambo | Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi amathambo alahlekelwe yi-calcium futhi abe mncane yini (i-Osteoporosis). |
Iphathwa kanjani?
Izindlela zokwelapha zincike ekutheni unesifo esiyinhloko noma sesibili kanye nobunzima besifo.
Ukwelashwa kwe-primary hyperparathyroidism
Isixazululo esingcono kakhulu nesihlala njalo salokhu ukwenza ukuhlinzwa (i-parathyroidectomy) ukuze kususwe indlala noma izindlala ezisebenza ngokweqile. Ngemva kwalokhu kuhlinzwa, abantu abangaphezu kuka-90% babuyela emazingeni ajwayelekile e-calcium egazini.
Uma ungaphansi kweminyaka engu-50, unezimpawu, unamazinga aphezulu kakhulu e-calcium, unamatshe ezinso, noma unamathambo amancane, udokotela wakho nakanjani uzoncoma ukuhlinzwa.
Ezimweni ezingezimbi kakhulu futhi ezingadingi ukuhlinzwa, udokotela wakho uzoqapha isimo sakho njalo. Angase futhi:
- Ama-Bisphosphonates: Le mithi ivimbela ukukhishwa kwe-calcium emathanjeni futhi iwaqinise.
- I-Calcimimetics: Le mithi "ikhohlisa" izindlala ze-parathyroid ukuze zinciphise ukukhiqizwa kwe-hormone i-PTH.
- Izinguquko endleleni yokuphila: Ungase welulekwe ukuthi uyeke ukuthatha imithi ethile (isib., imithi yokukhipha isisu i-thiazide, i-lithium) bese wenza izinguquko ekudleni.
Ukwelashwa kwe-hyperparathyroidism yesibili
Isihluthulelo lapha ukwelapha imbangela eyisisekelo , njengokulawula isifo sezinso nokwelapha ukuntuleka kwevithamini D.
- Umuntu onesifo sezinso angadinga i-dialysis noma ukufakelwa izinso.
- Imithi efana ne -phosphate binders inikezwa ukunciphisa amazinga e-phosphate egazini.
- I-Vitamin D kanye nemithi ye-calcimetic nayo isetshenziselwa le njongo.
Uma lezi zindlela zokwelapha zingakwazi ukulawula lesi simo, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi, ungamane nje uthathe amaphilisi e-vitamin D noma e-calcium wedwa. Njalo xhumana nodokotela wakho futhi uwasebenzise kuphela njengoba uyalelwe. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungenza izinto zibe zimbi kakhulu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Hyperparathyroidism yisimo lapho amazinga e-calcium egazini enyuka khona ngenxa yokukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwe-hormone i-PTH yizindlala ze-parathyroid.
- Esikhathini esiningi, azikho izimpawu ezithile. Ungase ube nezimpawu ezijwayelekile njengokukhathala nobuhlungu bamathambo.
- Uhlobo oluyinhloko lubangelwa inkinga endlaleni uqobo, kanti imbangela eyinhloko yohlobo lwesibili isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona.
- Lesi sifo sitholakala ngegazi, ukuhlolwa komchamo, kanye nokuskena.
- Ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kohlobo oluyinhloko ukususwa ngokuhlinzwa kwendlala ethintekile.
- Njalo thintana nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma yimuphi umuthi noma ivithamini.
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