Wake wambona udokotela eshaya idolo lakho kancane ngesando esincane serabha? Umlenze wakho uzogxumagxuma ngokuzenzakalelayo, akunjalo? Lokhu kuvamile. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kugxumagxuma, noma lokhu kusabela (reflex), kwenzeka ngokushesha kakhulu futhi ngamandla. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-Hyperreflexia kwezokwelapha. Ngisho noma leli gama lingase lizwakale njengesifo esibi, akukho okufanele ukwesabe. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngalokhu kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.
Ake siqale sibone, iyini le reflex?
Kalula nje, i-reflex yinto eyenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngaphandle kokulawulwa yithi. Lezi izindlela ezizenzakalelayo imizimba yethu enazo zokusivikela. Cabanga ngakho, lapho into efana nesinambuzane indizela esweni lakho, amehlo akho avala ngokuzenzakalelayo, akunjalo? Akuyona into oyenzayo ngamabomu. Kuyinto umzimba oyenzayo ukuze uzivikele ekulimaleni okungenzeka. I-reflex efanayo yingakho sisheshe sidonse isandla sethu emuva uma sithinta into eshisayo. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze sisinde.
Ngakho-ke, i-Hyperreflexia yilapho lezo zindlela zokwenza izinto zenzeka kakhulu, noma ngamandla amakhulu. Kuvamile ukuthi umlenze wakho uqhumuke kancane uma ushaya idolo lakho ngesando. Kodwa uma umlenze wakho uqhumuka ngokushesha kunalokho obungakulindela, njengokungathi uzophonswa phambili, lokho kungaba yi-Hyperreflexia.
Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Ziyini izimbangela ze-hyperreflexia?
Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu. Ezinye zihlobene nesimiso sezinzwa, ezinye azihlobene.
Izinkinga zesistimu yezinzwa (Izilonda ze-Upper Motor Neuron)
Imbangela eyinhloko nevame kakhulu yalokhu ukulimala kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa (ama-motor neurons) athwala imiyalezo esuka ebuchosheni bethu eya emgogodleni. Ngokwezokwelapha, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) lesion . Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, ubuchopho bethu buyisikhungo esiyinhloko esilawula ukunyakaza nokusabela komzimba. Imiyalezo evela kulobu buchopho iya emisipheni ngomgogodleni. Uma kukhona umonakalo noma ukuvinjelwa endaweni ethile endleleni ethwala le miyalezo, ukulawulwa kokusabela kuyaphazamiseka. Bese ukusabela kuba namandla kakhulu.
Uma kwenzeka umonakalo we-UMN, kungase kuvele ezinye izimpawu eziningana kanye ne-Hyperreflexia. Lezi zibizwa ngokuthi i-Upper Motor Neuron Syndrome. Lezi zimpawu yilezi:
- Ubuthakathaka bemisipha
- Ukuqina kwemisipha (Ukuqaqamba) - Ukuqina nokufinyela kweminye imisipha ngokuzumayo.
- I-Clonus - Ukufinyela kwemisipha okunesigqi, okungalawulwa.
Izimo zezokwelapha ezilandelayo zingabangela lolu hlobo lomonakalo we-UMN kanye ne-hyperreflexia.
| Isimo | Isingeniso esifushane |
|---|---|
| Ukulimala komgogodla | Ukulimala komgogodla ngenxa yengozi. |
| I-Multiple Sclerosis (MS) | Isifo esonakalisa isembozo sokuvikela esizungeze amangqamuzana ezinzwa. |
| Ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu | Ukulimala kobuchopho ngenxa yokulimala okukhulu ekhanda. |
| I-ALS (i-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) | Isifo lapho ama-neuron okunyakaza ebhujiswa khona kancane kancane. |
| Isifo sikaParkinson | Isifo esithinta amangqamuzana ezinzwa zobuchopho. |
| Ukutheleleka kobuchopho (i-Encephalitis) | Ukutheleleka kobuchopho okubangelwa amagciwane noma amabhaktheriya. |
| Ukuntuleka kwe-Vitamin B12 | Ukuntuleka kwesikhathi eside kwe-vitamin B12, ebalulekile emzimbeni, kungalimaza isimiso sezinzwa. |
Ezinye izimbangela ezingahlobene nohlelo lwezinzwa
- Izinkinga Zokukhathazeka: Uma unesifo sokukhathazeka noma sokwesaba, umzimba wakho usesimweni 'sokulwa noma sokubaleka'. Lokhu kungabangela imisipha yakho kanye ne-reflexes ukuthi ibe nomuzwa ojulile. Lokhu kungaholela nasekubeni ne-hyperreflexia. Kodwa-ke, akuyona into ehlala njalo futhi iyafika idlule. Kuvame kakhulu uma uzizwa ukhathazekile noma ucindezelekile.
- I-Hyperthyroidism: Lapho i-thyroid gland entanyeni yethu isebenza ngokweqile, umzimba ukhiqiza i-hormone ye-thyroid eyengeziwe. Le hormone isheshisa umsebenzi wawo wonke amaseli emzimbeni wethu, kufaka phakathi amaseli ezinzwa. Lokhu futhi kusheshisa ukusabela. Ngokwelashwa okufanele, isimo se-Hyperreflexia siyanyamalala ngokuphelele.
Ukuthola kanjani lokhu, Dokotela?
Udokotela uzokuhlolela i-hyperreflexia njengengxenye yokuhlolwa kwezinzwa. Lolu vivinyo sonke esilwaziyo lapho beshaya khona idolo lakho ngesando esincane serabha. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-Deep Tendon Reflex (DTR) .
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uhlale uzolile futhi uphumule ngangokunokwenzeka phakathi nalolu vivinyo. Uma ucabanga ngakho noma ukhathazekile, imiphumela ingase ibe yiphutha. Yingakho udokotela ngezinye izikhathi ekhuluma nawe ngenye into ngaphambi kokwenza lokhu, ukuze akuphazamise.
Ngaphezu kwedolo, udokotela angase ahlole ukusabela komzimba kwezinye izindawo eziningana.
- Ingemuva lendololwane
- Ngaphakathi kwesandla
- Isihlakala neqakala
Ingabe i-Hyperreflexia kanye ne-Autonomic Hyperreflexia zizinto ezihlukene?
Yebo. Nakuba la magama amabili efana kancane, lezi zimo ezimbili zihluke ngokuphelele . Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda lo mehluko ngokunembile.
I-Autonomic Hyperreflexia (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Autonomic Dysreflexia) iyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esibi kakhulu, esingasongela impilo. Sivame ukubonakala ezigulini ezinokulimala komgogodla okuphezulu (ngaphezu kwe-T6 thoracic vertebra). Kungukusabela ngokweqile kwesistimu yezinzwa ezizimele okubangela ukwanda okuzumayo nokukhulu komfutho wegazi. Uphawu oluyinhloko ikhanda elibuhlungu elizumayo nelinzima. Lesi yisimo esidinga ukuya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU).
Kodwa i-hyperreflexia esikhuluma ngayo kulesi sihloko imane nje iyimpendulo esheshayo emalungeni. Kuwuphawu lwesifo, hhayi into esongela ukuphila ngaleso sikhathi.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Ukwelashwa kuncike ngokuphelele esimweni sezokwelapha esiyisisekelo esibangele lokhu. Umgomo ukwelapha leyo mbangela.
- Ezimweni zemizwa ezingelapheki njenge-MS ne-ALS, ukwelashwa kusetshenziswa ukuphatha lesi sifo. Nakuba i-hyperreflexia ihlala njalo, eminye imithi noma i-physiotherapy inganciphisa ubukhulu bezimpawu.
- Izimo ezifana ne-hyperthyroidism kanye nokukhathazeka zingalawulwa ngokuphelele ngemithi. Uma lesi simo selashwa, uphawu lwe-hyperreflexia nalo luzonyamalala.
Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?
Kungaba nzima ukwazi ukuthi une-hyperreflexia ngokwakho. Ngokuvamile itholakala uma udokotela ekuxilonga.
Kodwa-ke, uma unezimpawu ezilandelayo, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela womndeni wakho.
- Uma uzizwa ubuthakathaka emisipheni yakho.
- Uma uzizwa ukuqina (ukuqaqamba) ezithweni zakho.
- Uma amalungu ethuthumela ngokungalawuleki (i-clonus).
- Uma uzizwa ukhathazekile futhi ucindezelekile ngisho nangezinto ezincane kakhulu, lokhu kungaba ngenxa yokukhathazeka noma i-Hyperthyroidism.
Udokotela wakho uzokwenza izivivinyo ezidingekayo, athole imbangela, futhi, uma kudingeka, akuthumele kudokotela wezinzwa.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Hyperreflexia yilapho ukusabela okuzenzakalelayo komzimba (reflexes) kwenzeka ngokushesha kakhulu futhi ngamandla.
- Imbangela eyinhloko yalokhu ukulimala kwe-UMN, ethwala imiyalezo esuka ebuchosheni iye emgogodleni. Kodwa-ke, kungaba nezinye izimbangela, njengokukhathazeka kanye ne-hyperthyroidism.
- Lokhu kungatholakala ngokuhlolwa kwe-DTR, okwenziwa udokotela ngesando esincane serabha.
- I-Hyperreflexia kanye ne-Autonomic Hyperreflexia yizimo ezimbili ezihluke ngokuphelele. I-Autonomic Hyperreflexia yisimo esiyingozi esidinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo.
- Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izinguquko ekusebenzeni kwemisipha yakho, ubuthakathaka, ukuqina, noma ukudikiza okungalawuleki, thintana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha.
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