Ingabe uvame ukugula? Lokhu kungaba yisizathu: Ake sifunde nge-hypogammaglobulinemia.

Ingabe uvame ukuthola umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, kanye nokukhwehlela? Noma ingabe ingane yakho encane ivame ukuthola izifo zendlebe noma izinkinga zama-sinus? Ngezinye izikhathi sicabanga ukuthi lezi yizifo ezivamile, kodwa uma lezi zifo ziqhubeka zibuya, kungase kube nesinye isizathu esiyimbangela. Esinye isimo esingasolwa ngezikhathi ezinjalo yi-hypogammaglobulinemia. Nakuba kuyigama elide, masiliqonde kalula.

Kuyini i-hypogammaglobulinemia?

Kalula nje, i-hypogammaglobulinemia yisimo lapho umzimba wakho unezinga eliphansi lama-antibodies. Elinye igama lala ma-antibodies yi-immunoglobulin. Manje cabanga ukuthi umzimba wethu unjengenqaba. Izitha eziza kule nqaba zingamagciwane, njengama-virus namabhaktheriya. Ngakho-ke amasosha asivikela kulezi zitha yisimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela .

Lolu hlelo lokuzivikela komzimba lunohlobo olukhethekile lweseli olubizwa ngokuthi ama-B-cell . Lufana nama-commando aqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile. Uma igciwane lingena emzimbeni, la ma-B-cell akhiqiza ama-antibodies abizwa ngokuthi ama-immunoglobulins. La ma-antibodies ayahamba ayobamba igciwane bese elibhubhisa. Yilapho-ke singaguli khona, noma silulama ngokushesha ekuguleni.

Uzothola ulwazi ngalesi simo kuphela uma usuhlolwe igazi.

Ake sihlukanise la magama ukuze aqondakale:

• I-Hypo: kusho ukuthi ngaphansi kwejwayelekile.
• Ama-gamma globulin: Lawa uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-immunoglobulin.
• I-Emia: kusho egazini.

Ngakho-ke, lapho izinga lale immunoglobulin egazini lakho lehla, isimiso sokuzivikela somzimba wakho siba buthakathaka. Khona-ke amagciwane angahlasela umzimba wakho kalula. Ngakho-ke , unamathuba amaningi okuthola izifo nokuthuthukisa ezinye izifo.

Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo zalokhu?

Yebo, isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-hypogammaglobulinemia singathinta kokubili izingane kanye nabantu abadala. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko:

1. I-hypogammaglobulinemia eyinhloko (ezalwa nayo): Lokhu kubangelwa ezinye izifo ezingavamile zofuzo. Sizibiza ngokuthi lezi Zifo Eziyinhloko Zokuntuleka Kwamasosha Omzimba (i-PIDD) . Kalula nje, uma uzalwa, uzalwa unephutha elithile (ukuguqulwa) ezizakhini zakho zofuzo. Lezi zakhi zofuzo yizo ezifundisa amasosha omzimba ukuthi asebenze kanjani. Ngakho-ke uma kukhona iphutha kulowo myalelo, amasosha omzimba ayancishiswa. La maphutha ofuzo avame ukudluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane.

2. I-hypogammaglobulinemia yesibili (etholakale): LokhuUhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Lesi simo singabangelwa izimo zezokwelapha ezahlukahlukene noma njengomphumela ongemuhle wemithi ethile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uzalwa uphilile bese uba nalesi simo kamuva empilweni.

Kungavamile kangakanani lesi simo?

I-Hypogammaglobulinemia ingenye yezifo ezivame kakhulu ze-primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDDs) okukhulunywe ngazo ngaphambili. Kodwa-ke, ama-PIDD awasona isifo esivame kakhulu. Isibonelo, kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe abantu abayingxenye yesigidi e-United States bahlala ne-PIDD.

Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu?

Uphawu oluyinhloko lwe-hypogammaglobulinemia ezinganeni nakubantu abadala ukutheleleka okuvamile noma okuhlala isikhathi eside. Izimpawu zincike ohlotsheni lokutheleleka okwenzekayo. Ukutheleleka okuvame kakhulu kanye nezimpawu ezihlobene ne-hypogammaglobulinemia zifaka:

• Ukutheleleka kwendlebe: ubuhlungu bendlebe, ukulimala kwendlebe (ngezinye izikhathi izibazi), umkhuhlane. (Cabanga ukuthi ezinye izingane zinezifo zendlebe eziqhubekayo, ezibuya njalo naphezu kokwelashwa ngemithi.)
• Ukutheleleka kwama-sinus: Ikhala eligobhozayo noma ikhala elicijile, ukukhathala, umkhuhlane. (Abanye abantu bavuka ekuseni bezizwa becijile futhi benobuhlungu obukhulu, akunjalo? Uma kuqhubeka, kufanele ukhathazeke.)
• I-Bronchitis: Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo, ukuphelelwa umoya, umkhuhlane.
• I-pneumonia: Ukuqina kwesifuba noma ubuhlungu, ubunzima bokuphefumula, umkhuhlane.
• Umkhuhlane wesisu: isifo sohudo, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, umkhuhlane.
• I-Meningitis: Intamo eqinile, ikhanda elibuhlungu, umkhuhlane. (Lokhu kuyingozi kancane, udinga ukukuthola ngokushesha.)
• Ukutheleleka kwesikhumba: izilonda zesikhumba, ukuvuvukala, ukulunywa, umkhuhlane.

Futhi, izimpawu zingahluka kuye ngesimo esiyisisekelo esibangele amazinga aphansi e-immunoglobulin. Isibonelo, ingane enezinhlobo ezithile ze-PIDD inamathuba amaningi okuba ne-allergies. Ezinye izinhlobo zingabangela nokubambezeleka ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni.

Yini ebangela lokhu?

Kunezimbangela ezimbili ezingaba khona. Kungaba ukuthi amasosha omzimba wakho awakhi ama-immunoglobulins anele, noma lawo awenzayo ayabhujiswa ngesizathu esithile. Izimbangela ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi une-lupus eyinhloko noma eyesibili.

Izimbangela ze-hypogammaglobulinemia eyinhloko

Ezinye zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-'PIDD' ezingahlotshaniswa nalokhu yilezi:

• I-Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID): Iphutha lofuzo elivimbela umzimba ukuthi ukhiqize ama-immunoglobulin anele. Lesi yimbangela evame kakhulu ye-hypogammaglobulinemia eyinhloko kubantu abadala.
• I-Agammaglobulinemia exhunywe ku-X (XLA): Iphutha lezakhi zofuzo ku-chromosome ye-X livimbela umzimba ekwenzeni amaseli e-B noma ama-immunoglobulin anele. Lokhu kuthinta kakhulu izingane zesilisa (ngoba zine-chromosome eyodwa ye-X). I-XLA iyimbangela evamile ye-hypogammaglobulinemia ezinganeni.
• I-Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia yobuntwana (THI): Lokhu kwenzeka lapho amazinga e-immunoglobulin yengane eqala ukwehla cishe ezinyangeni ezintathu ubudala. Izingane ezine-THI zingathola izifo, kodwa ngokuvamile azibonisi izimpawu. Lesi simo sivame ukuxazululeka sodwa lapho sineminyaka emithathu ubudala.
• Ukuntuleka kwe-IgA ekhethiwe: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umzimba ungakhiqizi ngokwanele uhlobo oluthile lwe-immunoglobulin olubizwa ngokuthi i-Immunoglobulin A.
• Ama-Hyper-IgM syndrome: Kulokhu, ezinye izinhlobo ze-immunoglobulin zikhiqizwa ngokujwayelekile noma ngokweqile, kodwa ezinye azikhiqizwa ngobuningi obanele.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kunezinye izinhlobo ze-PIDD ezibangela i-primary hypogammaglobulinemia:

• I-Ataxia-telangiectasia
• I-Autosomal recessive agammaglobulinemia (ARA)
• I-Good syndrome (GS)
• Ukushoda kwe-immunoglobulin okungeyona i-IgG okuhlukanisiwe
• Ukuntuleka okukhulu kwamasosha omzimba okuhlangene (i-SCID)
• Ukuntuleka kwe-antibody ethile (i-SAD)
• I-Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS)

Izimbangela ze-hypogammaglobulinemia yesibili

Nazi izizathu ezenza lesi simo singenzeka kamuva:

• Imithi: Eminye imithi ingabangela amazinga aphansi e-immunoglobulin. Isibonelo, imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba, imithi yokulwa nokuquleka, ama-corticosteroids, kanye nemithi ye-chemotherapy.
• I-Nephrotic syndrome: Kulesi simo, izinso zakho zikhipha amaprotheni amaningi kakhulu emchameni wakho. Ama-immunoglobulins, nawo angamaprotheni, angakhishwa ngale ndlela.
• I-enteropathy elahlekelwa amaprotheni: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho kulahleka amaprotheni amaningi emzimbeni wakho ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lwakho lokugaya ukudla.
• Umdlavuza:Umdlavuza othinta amaseli akho e-B ungabangela amazinga aphansi e-immunoglobulin. Isibonelo, umdlavuza ofana ne-chronic lymphocytic leukemia, i-lymphoma, kanye ne-multiple myeloma.
• I-HIV: I-HIV iyisifo esithathelwana ngocansi (STI). Ingabangela futhi i-hypogammaglobulinemia kanye nezinye izinkinga zesistimu yomzimba.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingabangelwa yilokhu?

Uma ingelashwa, i-hypogammaglobulinemia ingaholela ezifweni ezinkulu ngisho nasezinkingeni ezisongela ukuphila . Inkinga evamile yi -bronchiectasis . Lesi yisimo lapho amaphaphu onakala khona unomphela. Lesi simo sivame kakhulu kubantu abanezifo ezivame ukutheleleka ezindleleni zokuphefumula eziphezulu.

Cabanga ngomuntu onezinkinga zamaphaphu ngokukhwehlela njalo kanye ne-phlegm. Uma amaphaphu akhe onakele njalo, kungaba yisimo esihlala njalo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-hypogammaglobulinemia yandisa ingozi yalokhu okulandelayo:

• Izifo ezizenzakalelayo: Lezi yizimo lapho amasosha omzimba wakho ehlasela khona amangqamuzana omzimba wakho.
• Ukulimala kwezitho zangaphakathi.
• Umdlavuza.
• I-Sepsis: Lokhu ukutheleleka okukhulu okusakazeka emzimbeni wonke.

Ukubona kanjani lokhu?

Odokotela bazokwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze balinganise amazinga akho e-immunoglobulin. Uma amazinga akho ephansi kunokuvamile, ungase utholakale une-hypogammaglobulinemia. Udokotela wakho uzobe esehlela isimo sakho njengesincane , esimaphakathi, noma esinzima .

Ukuze athole ukuthi yini ngempela ebangela leli zinga eliphansi, udokotela uzocabangela okulandelayo:

• Izimpawu zakho: Ikakhulukazi uma uthola izifo njalo.
• Umlando wezokwelapha womndeni wakho: Ingabe ukhona emndenini wakho one-PIDD?
• Imithi oyithathayo: Ikakhulukazi imithi engabangela i-hypogammaglobulinemia njengomphumela ongemuhle.

Kungase kudingeke futhi ukuthi wenze ezinye izivivinyo, ezingafaka:

• Okunye ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Isibonelo, ukubalwa kwegazi okuphelele, ukuhlolwa kwama-antibody, kanye nokuhlolwa okubheka ukuthi izitho zakho zisebenza kanjani.
• Izinqubo zokuthwebula izithombe: Ukuhlola umonakalo wezicubu ngenxa yokutheleleka noma izimila (isib. i-X-ray, i-CT scan)
• Ukuhlolwa kofuzo: Hlola amaphutha ofuzo ahlobene ne-PIDD.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-biopsy:Ukuthatha isampula yezicubu bese uzihlola ukuze kubonakale ukuthi akhona yini amangqamuzana omdlavuza.

Kuphathwa kanjani lokhu?

Ukwelashwa kuncike embangela ye-hypogammaglobulinemia yakho nokuthi imbi kangakanani. Ungathunyelwa futhi kudokotela wezifo zamasosha omzimba.

Uma lesi simo singesesibili ngenxa yesimo sezokwelapha , odokotela bavame ukwelapha lesi simo esiyisisekelo. Isibonelo, uma amazinga akho e-immunoglobulin ephansi ngenxa yomphumela omubi womuthi owuthathayo, umuthi ungase ushintshwe.

Uma une -primary hypogammaglobulinemia , kuzodingeka ube ngaphansi kokuqashwa kwezokwelapha impilo yakho yonke ukuze uzivikele ezifweni ezinkulu. Izindlela zokwelapha zingafaka:

• Ukulinda ngokuqapha: Uma amazinga akho aphansi e-immunoglobulin engabangeli ingozi enkulu empilweni, udokotela wakho angase aqaphe isimo sakho. Izimo ezizixazulula zona, njenge-transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infant (THI), okukhulunywe ngayo ngaphambili, zingase zingadingi ukwelashwa.
• Ama-antibiotic: Unganikwa ama-antibiotic ukwelapha ukutheleleka ngamagciwane noma ukuvimbela ukutheleleka.
• Ukwelashwa kokufaka esikhundleni i-Immunoglobulin (IgG): Uma amazinga akho e-immunoglobulin ephansi kakhulu, unganikwa i-immunoglobulin evela kumnikeli. Lokhu kunikezwa njengomjovo emthanjeni (IV) noma ngaphansi kwesikhumba (ngaphansi kwesikhumba). Abantu abane-PIDD abadinga lokhu kwelashwa bavame ukudinga ukuthatha lokhu kwelashwa impilo yabo yonke.
• Ukufakelwa kwamaseli e-stem: Uma umzimba wakho ungakwazi ukukhiqiza amaseli omzimba aphilile, ungafakelwa amaseli e-stem avela kumuntu onikelayo. Lawa maseli e-stem azokhula kamuva abe amaseli egazi anempilo, okuhlanganisa namaseli e-B.

Ingabe lesi yisimo esibucayi?

I-Hypogammaglobulinemia ingaba yingozi kakhulu. Kuye ngokuthi imbangela nokuthi amazinga akho e-immunoglobulin aphansi kangakanani. Ama-immunoglobulin afana namasosha emizimbeni yethu alwa namagciwane ayingozi njengama-virus, amabhaktheriya, ama-parasite, kanye ne-fungi. Ngakho-ke uma la masosha engasekho ukuze asivikele, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi sibe nezifo ezivame kakhulu nezingathi sína. Uma zingalashwa, izifo ezingathi sína zingabangela ukulimala kwezicubu isikhathi eside ngisho nokufa.

Ngakho-ke, lesi simo akufanele sithathwe kalula. Uma unezimpawu, kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Kwenzekani uma ingelashwa?

Kubalulekile ukuba udokotela ahlole imbangela ye-hypogammaglobulinemia. Uma uqala ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi, unethuba elingcono lokuhlala uphilile futhi uvimbele izinkinga ezingase zenzeke eminyakeni eminingi kamuva. Uma unesifo esikufaka engozini ye-hypogammaglobulinemia, udokotela wakho uzoqapha amazinga akho e-immunoglobulin njalo. Bazoncoma uhlelo lokwelashwa ukuze basize ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka okukhulu.

Ingabe lokhu kungavinjelwa?

Asikwazi ukuvimbela izimo (ezifana nokukhubazeka kwezakhi zofuzo) ezibangela i-hypogammaglobulinemia. Kodwa-ke, udokotela wakho angancoma ukwelashwa ukusiza ukuvimbela izinkinga , njengokutheleleka okuvamile kanye nokulimala kwamaphaphu.

Ngingazinakekela kanjani? Yini engingayenza ukuze ngivimbele ukutheleleka?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho. Lezi zinto zingasiza ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka:

• Geza izandla zakho kahle: Geza izandla zakho ngensipho namanzi okungenani imizuzwana engama-20. Qiniseka ukuthi ugeza izandla zakho ngemva kokuphuma, ngaphambi kokudla, nangemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese.
• Ukugqoka imaski yobuso uma kudingeka ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwamagciwane aphuma emoyeni: Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu lapho uya ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi nangezikhathi lapho izifo zidlangile.
• Hlala kude nabantu abagulayo nezindawo ezinabantu abaningi ngangokunokwenzeka: amagciwane angasakazeka kalula ezindaweni ezinjalo.
• Ukuthola yonke imijovo ngesikhathi: Kodwa-ke, buza udokotela wakho ukuthi eminye imijovo ephilayo ikulungele yini, njengoba eminye imijovo ephilayo ingase ingafaneleki kubantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka.

Yini okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela?

Uma uthola ngalesi simo, ungase ube nemibuzo eminingi. Ungesabi. Khuluma nodokotela wakho bese ucacisa okulandelayo:

• Yini ebangela ukuthi amazinga ami e-immunoglobulin ehle?
• Yiziphi izivivinyo engizodinga ukuze ngizihlole/ngiqaphe isimo sami?
• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okuncomayo?
• Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi ekwelashweni? Iyini?
• Yiziphi izinguquko zendlela yokuphila okufanele ngizenze ukuze ngivimbele ukutheleleka?
• Yiziphi izimpawu okufanele ngibone udokotela ngokushesha ngazo? Noma kufanele ngiye ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo (ETU) ?

Uma uthola ukuthi amazinga akho e-immunoglobulin aphansi, ungase uzizwe usengozini futhi ubuthakathaka. Ungase ucabange, "O, kuthiwani uma ngingenawo amasosha anele okungivikela?"

Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokufunda kabanzi ngesimo sakho, ukuthi sibangelwa yini, nokuthi ukwelashwa kungasiza kanjani. Sebenzisana nodokotela wakho ukuze uphathe isimo sakho futhi uthole ukunakekelwa okudingayo.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

I-Hypogammaglobulinemia yisimo lapho amasosha omzimba entula khona ama-antibodies (ama-immunoglobulin), alwa namagciwane. Lokhu kungaholela ezifweni ezivame ukwenzeka.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha uma uhlala uthola izifo, ikakhulukazi uhlobo olufanayo lokutheleleka, kunokukubheka njengento evamile.

• Lesi simo singaba khona lapho umntwana ezalwa, noma singakhula kamuva ngenxa yesinye isifo noma imithi.
• Uma uthola imbangela futhi uthola ukwelashwa okufanele, ungavimbela izinkinga futhi uphile impilo enempilo.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela iseluleko sezokwelapha, ukwamukela indlela yokuphila enempilo, nokuthatha izinyathelo zokuzivikela ezifweni.

Awuwedwa, kunodokotela kanye nezisebenzi zezempilo ezingakusiza ukubhekana nalesi simo. Ungesabi ukukhuluma nabo.

I- Hypogammaglobulinemia, Ama-Antibodies, I-Immunoglobulin, Isistimu Yokuzivikela Emzimbeni, Izifo, I-PIDD