Ingabe une-sodium encane (usawoti)? Ake sixoxe nge-hyponatremia!

Usawoti ubalulekile emizimbeni yethu, akunjalo? Kodwa abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi ukudla usawoti omningi kakhulu yikona kuphela okuyinkinga. Kodwa bewazi ukuthi ukwehla kwenani likasawoti, okungukuthi, i-sodium, emzimbeni ngezinye izikhathi kungaba yingozi kakhulu? Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-hyponatremia kwezokwelapha. Nakuba lokhu kungase kubonakale njengegama eliyinkimbinkimbi, ngamagama alula, kusho ukuthi izinga le-sodium egazini lakho liphansi kunenani elinconywayo. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngemininingwane ethe xaxa namuhla, ngoba lokhu kuyinto sonke okudingeka siyiqaphele.

Kuyini ngempela i-hyponatremia?

Kalula nje, i-hyponatremia yilapho i-sodium egazini lakho (ingxenye eyinhloko kasawoti esiwudlayo) iphansi kunokujwayelekile. Odokotela ngokuvamile babheka i-hyponatremia njengesimo lapho izinga le-sodium liphansi kune-135 milliequivalents ngelitha (135 mEq/L).

Manje ungase ucabange, "O, usawoti omncane muhle, kodwa omuningi mubi." Kodwa njengezinye izinto empilweni, ibhalansi ibalulekile. Ukuze ugcine umzimba wakho uphilile, udinga ukuba nebhalansi enembile phakathi kwamanzi ne-sodium. Ezinye izifo noma imithi ingaphazamisa leli bhalansi. Uma lokho kwenzeka, amanzi amaningi angangena emaseli akho, okubangela ukuba ayeke ukusebenza kahle. Lokhu kungaba yingozi kakhulu ebuchosheni bakho.

Uma izinso zakho zisebenza kahle, akuvamile ukuthi amazinga e-sodium egazini lakho ehle kakhulu ngoba nje uphuza amanzi amaningi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kungenzeka uma uphelelwe amanzi emzimbeni kakhulu (njengoba kwenzeka ngemva kokugijima i-marathon) futhi uphuza amanzi kuphela ngaphandle kokugcwalisa ama-electrolyte akho (amaminerali umzimba wakho owadingayo ukuze usebenze).

I-Hyponatremia ingaba yisifo esingamahlalakhona noma esibi kakhulu . Uma isikhona isikhathi eside, izimpawu zikhula kancane kancane njengoba umzimba ujwayela amazinga aphansi e-sodium. Kodwa-ke, uma amazinga e-sodium ehla ngokuzumayo, izimpawu zingaba zimbi kakhulu ngokuzumayo.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-hyponatremia?

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-hyponatremia. Ukwazi ukuthi ziyini lezi kungasiza udokotela wakho ukuthi anqume ukuthi yini ebangela isimo sakho nokuthi yiluphi ukwelashwa okudingekayo.

1. I-Euvolemic hyponatremia/i-dilutional hyponatremia: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho inani le-sodium emzimbeni wakho lingashintshi, kodwa inani lamanzi emzimbeni wakho landa. Kufana nokufaka amanzi engeziwe engilazini yamanzi bese usawoti wamanzi uncipha.

2. I-Hyponatremia ye-Hypervolemic: Lapha, kokubili inani lamanzi kanye ne-sodium emzimbeni wakho liyakhula. Kodwa-ke, inani lamanzi liyanda ngaphezu kwenani le-sodium.

3.I-Hypovolemic hyponatremia: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho inani lamanzi kanye ne-sodium emzimbeni wakho lehla khona. Kodwa-ke, inani le-sodium lehla kakhulu kunenani lamanzi.

Nakuba lokhu kuhlukaniswa kungase kubonakale kungokwezokwelapha kancane, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola imbangela.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Hyponatremia?

Umuntu one-hyponatremia angase abe nezimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ubuhlungu noma ubuthakathaka bemisipha: Kungase kuzwakale sengathi izitho zakho zomzimba ziyaphela amandla, sengathi izingcezu zenyama ziyawa.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza: Isisu sakho singase sizizwe sidangele futhi ungase uzizwe sengathi uzohlanza.
• Ukulala ngokweqile noma ukukhathala (Ukudinwa): Isimo sokuhlala ukhathele, ungakwazi ukwenza lutho.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu: Kungase kube khona ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu.
• Ukudideka noma izinguquko zengqondo: Izinto ezifana nokudideka, ukwenza ngendlela ehlukile kunangaphambili.
• Ukuquleka: Uma isimo siba sibi kakhulu, singafana nokuquleka.

Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, ikakhulukazi uma zibonakala ziba zimbi kakhulu, kungcono ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha.

Kungani kwenzeka i-hyponatremia? Ziyini izimbangela?

I-Hyponatremia ivame ukwenzeka lapho umzimba wakho unamanzi amaningi kakhulu, okunciphisa amazinga akho e-sodium. Ngezinye izikhathi, lokhu kungenzeka noma ulahlekelwa yi-sodium eningi (kodwa ngokuvamile kuba yinani elincane). Kodwa-ke, lapho ibhalansi phakathi kwamanzi ne-sodium emzimbeni wakho ingalingani, uketshezi luya emangqamuzaneni akho futhi luphazamise ukusebenza kwawo okuvamile.

Nazi ezinye zezimbangela ezithile ze-hyponatremia:

• I-SIADH (Isifo Sokukhishwa Kwe-Hormone Engafaneleki Yokulwa Nokugaywa Kwesidoda): Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umzimba ukhipha i-hormone eningi kakhulu ebizwa ngokuthi i-Antidiuretic hormone, esiza umzimba ukuthi ugcine amanzi. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi amanzi aqongeleleke emzimbeni futhi kunciphise i-sodium.
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo: Lapho inhliziyo iba buthakathaka, uketshezi emzimbeni lunganqwabelana ngaphandle kokujikeleza kahle kwegazi.
• Ukwehluleka kwezinso: Izinso zilawula inani lamanzi nosawoti emzimbeni. Lezi zinkinga zenzeka uma zingasebenzi kahle.
• I-cirrhosis yesibindi: Lesi simo singase senzeke uma isibindi sonakele.
• I-Nephrotic syndrome: Lesi futhi yisimo esihlobene nezinso.
• Izimo ze-neurological ezifana nezimila zobuchopho
• Ukoma ngokweqile nokuphuza utshwala (i-Polydipsia)
• I-Hypothyroidism (i-thyroid engasebenzi kahle)
• Ukuphuza ubhiya obuningi noma olunye utshwala (i-Beer potomania): Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi amanzi yiwona kuphela inkinga, kodwa lokhu kungenzeka futhi uma uphuza izinto eziningi kakhulu njengobhiya.
• Uhudo noma ukuhlanza:Lokhu kubangela ukuthi amanzi ne-sodium kulahleke emzimbeni.
• Imithi ethile: Isibonelo, imithi yokukhipha isisu (ebizwa nangokuthi "amaphilisi amanzi") kanye nemithi yokucindezeleka ye-SSRI.
• Eminye imithi: Lesi simo singavela nalapho kusetshenziswa imithi efana ne-MDMA (esaziwa ngamagama anjenge-"ecstasy" kanye ne-"molly").

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-hyponatremia?

Uma unezinye zezimo ezishiwo ngenhla, usengozini enkulu yokuthola i-hyponatremia. Le ngozi inganda nangemva kokuhlinzwa okuthile.

Ingabe i-Hyponatremia ingaba yingozi empilweni?

Yebo, impela. Uma i-hyponatremia iba nkulu , izicubu zakho, ikakhulukazi izicubu zobuchopho bakho, zizoqala ukuvuvukala ngamanzi. Uma lokhu kungelashwa ngokushesha, kungaholela e-coma, ukulimala kobuchopho unomphela, noma ngisho nokufa. Ngakho-ke lokhu akuyona into yokudlala ngayo.

I-Hyponatremia ihlolwa kanjani?

Odokotela basebenzisa kakhulu ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo ukuthola i-hyponatremia. Lokhu kuhlola amazinga e-sodium, i-potassium, ama-hormone athile, nezinye izinto emzimbeni wakho. Bahlola nokuthi izinso zakho nesibindi sakho zisebenza kahle kangakanani. Kuye ngezimpawu zakho, udokotela wakho angase futhi acele ukuhlolwa kwe-CT noma i-X-ray yesifuba.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela angase akubuze izinto ezifana nalezi:

• Uhlobo luni lwemidlalo oludlalayo futhi uziqeqesha kanjani?
• Yimiphi imithi oyisebenzisayo?
• Yiziphi izifo noma ukuhlinzwa onakho njengamanje noma oke waba nakho esikhathini esidlule?
• Uphuza utshwala obungakanani?

Lonke lolu lwazi lusiza udokotela ukuqonda isimo sakho esiqondile.

Iphathwa kanjani i-Hyponatremia?

Ukwelashwa kwe-hyponatremia kuncike embangela kanye nohlobo lwe-hyponatremia onayo. Izinketho zokwelapha zingafaka:

• Ukunciphisa ukuphuza amanzi: Ngezinye izikhathi, ukunciphisa ukuphuza amanzi kungasiza ekulawuleni lesi simo.
• Ukushintsha imithi oyithathayo: Ngezinye izikhathi udokotela wakho angakutshela ukuthi uyeke ukuthatha imithi noma ushintshe umthamo.
• Ukunikeza uketshezi olufakwa emthanjeni (i-IV fluids): Ukunikeza izinto ezifana nosawoti emzimbeni ngomthambo.
• Imithi ekhethekile enikezwa abantu abanamazinga aphansi e-sodium: Isibonelo, `(Tolvaptan)` noma `(Conivaptan)`.

Udokotela uzophinde elaphe noma yiziphi izimo zezokwelapha eziyisisekelo ezingase zibangele i-hyponatremia.

Izinkinga ezingaba khona ngesikhathi sokwelashwa

Odokotela bayaqaphela kakhulu lapho belapha i-hyponatremia ukuthi bangakhuphuli amazinga e-sodium ngokuzumayo ngaphezu kwezinga elinconywayo. Ngoba uma ukhuphula amazinga e-sodium emzimbeni ngokuzumayo ngokushesha kakhulu,, okungadala imiphumela emibi engathi sína, esongela ukuphila njenge-"Central pontine myelinolysis" noma i-"Osmotic demyelination syndrome", elimaza ubuchopho. Yingakho uma usola ukuthi une-hyponatremia, kufanele ubonane nodokotela ngokushesha.

Ingabe i-hyponatremia ingavinjelwa?

Nakuba kungenakuvinjelwa ngokuphelele, ungenza okulandelayo ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho:

• Gwema ukuphuza ubhiya obuningi noma ezinye iziphuzo ezidakayo.
• Phuza amanzi amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka uma womile (ngaphandle kokuthi udokotela wakho akutshele ngenye indlela). Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi udinga ukuphuza amalitha amanzi ngosuku, kodwa lokho akulona iqiniso. Ukoma kuyinkomba engcono kakhulu.
• Ungasebenzisi izidakamizwa ezifana ne-MDMA.
• Uma uzivocavoca noma uncintisana kwezemidlalo, esikhundleni sokuphuza amanzi nje, phuza iziphuzo eziqukethe ama-electrolyte (isb. iziphuzo zezemidlalo). Kodwa lezi azilungile nakuwe.
• Uma unesifo esikwandisa ingozi yakho ye-hyponatremia, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nendlela engcono yokusilawula.
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo, ikakhulukazi okuhlanganisa ukudla okucebile ngamaprotheni.

Yini engingayilindela uma ngine-hyponatremia?

Umbono we-hyponatremia uncike kakhulu embangela. Iningi labantu lingalulama ngokuphelele uma lelashwa ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, uma isimo esifana nokuvuvukala kobuchopho singelashwa ngokushesha, singadala umonakalo ohlala njalo.

Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, i-hyponatremia ingaba uphawu lokuthi isimo sezokwelapha esiyisisekelo siya siba sibi kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, abantu abanesifo sezinso noma sesibindi banesilinganiso sokufa esiphakeme kancane kunabantu abathola i-hyponatremia ngenxa yezinye izimbangela.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma unesifo esikwandisa ingozi yakho ye-hyponatremia, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngaso. Angakusiza ukuphatha isimo sakho futhi akutshele ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu okufanele uziqaphele.

Uma une-hyponatremia engapheli, izimpawu zingase zivele ziphele. Isibonelo, ukuzizwa ukhathele ngaso sonke isikhathi, ukuba nenkinga yokugxilisa ingqondo, njll. Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko emzimbeni wakho, ikakhulukazi uma ziba zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuwumqondo omuhle ukutshela udokotela wakho.

Kufanele ngiye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Uma wena noma othile omaziyo ehlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, hamba uye ekamelweni eliphuthumayo eliseduze ngokushesha:

• Ukudideka
• Ukuquleka/ukufa
• Ubunzima bokuvuka ebuthongweni
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu
• Ukuhlanza okukhulu noma uhudo

Ngesikhathi esinjengalesi, ungalindi ekhaya.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Uma ubona udokotela, kungaba usizo ukubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Kungani lokhu kwenzeke kimi?
• Yini engingayenza ukuze ngivimbele lokhu esikhathini esizayo?
• Yiziphi izimpawu zokuqala ze-hyponatremia?
• Ngingayithatha kanjani imithi yami ngendlela efanele?
• Kufanele ngiphuze amanzi angakanani ngosuku?

Ingabe kufanele ngidle usawoti omningi uma ngine-sodium ephansi?

Uma amazinga akho e-sodium egazini ephansi, kufanele nakanjani ulandele iseluleko sikadokotela wakho. Ukwelashwa kuncike embangela. Uma udla usawoti omningi, kungaholela kwezinye izinkinga zempilo.

Sivame ukucabanga ngosawoti njengento embi. Kodwa njengakho konke okunye, ibhalansi ibalulekile. I-sodium encane kakhulu ingaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu zempilo. I-Hyponatremia yisimo esivamile, futhi uma selashwa ngokushesha, abantu abaningi bangalulama ngokuphelele. Kodwa njengoba kunezimbangela eziningi, ukuphatha izimo zakho zezokwelapha eziyisisekelo kanye nemithi kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokunciphisa ingozi yakho. Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka, ungalokothi unqikaze ukubuza udokotela.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Kulungile, manje usuqonda kahle lokho esikhulume ngakho namuhla, i-Hyponatremia. Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule yilezi:

• Ibhalansi ye-sodium namanzi emzimbeni ibaluleke kakhulu. Ubuningi noma ubuningi balokhu kungabangela izinkinga.
• I-Hyponatremia ukwehla kwamazinga e-sodium egazini. Lokhu kungaba nezimbangela ezahlukahlukene .
• Uma kuvela izimpawu (njengokuqhaqhazela kwemisipha, isicanucanu, ukudideka, ikhanda elibuhlungu), ikakhulukazi uma zinzima noma zikhula kancane kancane, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
• Gwema ukudla usawoti ngendlela othanda ngayo ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela.
• Kubalulekile ukuphatha kahle izimo zezokwelapha eziyisisekelo (njengesifo senhliziyo, isifo sezinso) futhi uqaphele ngemithi oyiphuzayo.
• Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kuvame ukuholela ekululameni. Ngakho-ke ungesabi, bonana nodokotela ngokushesha nje lapho ungaba nokungabaza.

Kufanelekile ukunakekela impilo yakho!

I- Hyponatremia, i-sodium ephansi, usawoti ophansi egazini, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, ama-electrolyte, ibhalansi yamanzi emzimbeni, ukuvuvukala kobuchopho