Wake wazibuza ukuthi izinga lokushisa lomzimba wakho lihlala kanjani lifana, ukuthi ulamba kanjani ngesikhathi, nokuthi ulala kanjani ebusuku? Ungqondongqondo ongemuva kwakho konke lokhu yingxenye encane, kodwa enamandla kakhulu yobuchopho bakho, efihliwe ngaphakathi ebuchosheni bakho. Siyibiza ngokuthi i-hypothalamus. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalo ngqondongqondo omncane.
Iyini i-hypothalamus?
Kalula nje, i-hypothalamus iyisakhiwo esincane esitholakala ekujuleni kobuchopho bakho. Ingumxhumanisi oyinhloko phakathi kwesistimu yakho ye-endocrine kanye nesistimu yakho yezinzwa . Ifana nebhuloho.
Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukugcina konke okusemzimbeni wethu kulinganisela futhi kuzinzile. Kwezokwelapha, lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi "i-homeostasis". Cabanga ngohlelo 'lokulawula okuhlakaniphile' ekhaya lakho. Lulawula konke okusemzimbeni wakho, njengokushisa, izibani, kanye nokuphepha. I-hypothalamus iyisikhungo 'sokulawula okuhlakaniphile' somzimba wethu.
Yimiphi imisebenzi eyinhloko ye-hypothalamus?
I-hypothalamus ilinganisela konke ngokuphendula imiyalezo engena emizimbeni yethu. Iphendula izimpawu ezivela kumangqamuzana ezinzwa ebuchosheni bakho, ezivela kumangqamuzana ezinzwa kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho, ngisho nangaphandle komzimba.
Ungamangala ukubona ukuthi le ngxenye encane ilawula kangakanani.
| Yiziphi izilawuli | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Izinga lokushisa lomzimba | Ilawula izinga lokushisa ngokubangela umzimba ukuba ujuluke uma kushisa kakhulu, kanye nokuthuthumela uma kubanda. |
| Ukushaya kwegazi | Kusiza ukugcina izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo kanye nomfutho wegazi ezingeni elidingekayo. |
| Indlala nokoma | Umzimba wakho uzokwazisa uma udinga ukudla namanzi. |
| Ukwaneliseka ngemva kokudla | Uma isisu sesigcwele, sithumela isignali ebuchosheni ethi "sekwanele." |
| Isimo sengqondo | Kuphinde kusize ekulawuleni imizwa yakho kanye nezimo zengqondo. |
| Idrayivu Yocansi | Umsebenzi wobulili uthonywa ukulawulwa kwama-hormone okuzala. |
| Ukulala | Ilawula umjikelezo wakho wokulala nokuvuka. |
I-hypothalamus isebenzisa izindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokugcina lokhu kulinganisela:
1. Ngohlelo lwezinzwa oluzimele: Yilokhu okulawula izinto esingenakuzilawula, izinto ezenzeka nje (njengokushaya kwenhliziyo, ukuphefumula).
2. Ngokuphathwa kwama-hormone: Ama-hormone “ayizithunywa zamakhemikhali” ezihamba ngegazi futhi zithwale imiyalezo kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-hypothalamus kanye ne-pituitary gland
Ngaphansi nje kwe-hypothalamus kukhona enye indlala ebalulekile, i-pituitary gland . Laba ababili basebenza njengomphathi nomsizi wakhe oyinhloko. I-hypothalamus "itshela" i-pituitary ukuthi imaphi ama-hormone okufanele iwakhiphe nokuthi nini.
I-pituitary gland inezingxenye ezimbili:
- I-Anterior Pituitary: I-hypothalamus ikhipha ama-hormone akhethekile egazini. Lawa aya ngqo kwi-anterior pituitary bese eyitshela ukuthi ikhiqize ama-hormone afanele.
- I-Posterior Pituitary: Kwenzeka okuhlukile lapha. I-hypothalamus ngokwayo yenza ama-hormone amabili futhi iwagcine ku-posterior pituitary. Uma kudingeka, i-hypothalamus ithumela isignali yokukhulula lawo ma-hormone egazini.
Ama-hormone akhishwa yi-posterior pituitary
1. I-Oxytocin: Abantu abaningi bayazi lokhu njenge-"love hormone." Kusiza ekufinyezeni isibeletho ngesikhathi sokubeletha futhi kuvuselele ukwehla kobisi ngesikhathi sokuncelisa. Kukholelwa futhi ukuthi kunegalelo ekubopheni, ekuvukeleni ngokocansi, ekwethembeni, kanye nasemizwa yenhlalakahle.
2. I -Vasopressin:Elinye igama lalokhu yi-"antidiuretic hormone - ADH". Yilokhu okulawula inani lamanzi emzimbeni wethu kanye nokuphuma komchamo. Kulawula nomfutho wegazi.
Kwenzekani uma i-hypothalamus yonakele?
Uma i-hypothalamus yonakele, ukusebenza kwayo kuyaphazamiseka. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-hypothalamic.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi i-hypothalamus iyingxenye ebucayi kakhulu, ngakho-ke ngisho nomonakalo omncane kuyo ungathinta umzimba wonke.
Izimbangela ezingaba khona zomonakalo kwi-hypothalamus
- Ukulimala ekhanda, ikakhulukazi okubi kakhulu (ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu).
- Ukutheleleka kobuchopho.
- Izimila zobuchopho ezikhula ku-hypothalamus noma kwenye indawo ebuchosheni.
- Ukwehla kwesisindo ngokweqile ngenxa yezinkinga zokudla.
- Ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho.
- Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kanye ne-chemotherapy yomdlavuza.
- Ezinye izimo zofuzo ezikhona lapho kuzalwa.
- Izifo zokuvuvukala ezifana ne-'multiple sclerosis'.
Izifo ezingabangelwa izinkinga nge-hypothalamus
Izifo ezahlukahlukene zingavela ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwe-hypothalamus. Ezinye zazo yilezi:
- I-Hypopituitarism: Ukuncipha kokukhishwa kwama-hormone kusuka ku-pituitary gland. Lokhu kungabangelwa inkinga nge-hypothalamus.
- Isifo Sikashukela Insipidus: Lesi akusona isifo sikashukela esisazi ngokuthi "isifo Sikashukela." Okwenzeka lapha ukuthi izinso zikhipha amanzi amaningi ngenxa yokwehla kwehomoni ethi "i-Vasopressin (ADH), okuholela ekuchameni kakhulu nasekomeni.
- I-Prader-Willi Syndrome: Lesi yisifo esibangelwa ufuzo. Kulesi simo, i-hypothalamus ayikwazi ukubona ukuthi isisu sigcwele yini. Ngenxa yalokho, kunesidingo sokudla njalo futhi kunengozi enkulu yokukhuluphala ngokweqile.
- I-Kallmann Syndrome: Lesi futhi yisimo sofuzo. Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi izingane zibhekane nokuthomba okulibazisekile noma okungekho.
- I-Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea: Ukuphela kokuya esikhathini kwanyanga zonke kwabesifazane. Lesi simo singabangelwa izinguquko ekusebenzeni kwe-hypothalamus ngenxa yezici ezifana nokucindezeleka ngokweqile, ukuvivinya umzimba ngokweqile, noma ukwehlisa isisindo.
Ziyini izimpawu zenkinga ye-hypothalamus?
Uma kunenkinga nge-hypothalamus, izimpawu zincike ku-hormone ethintekile nokuthi ngabe leyo hormone iphansi noma iphezulu.
Ngezansi kunezinye izimpawu ezivamile ezingase zivele enkingeni enjalo.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Izinguquko ekucindezelweni kwegazi | Umfutho wegazi ophezulu noma ophansi. |
| Izinguquko emazingeni amanzi emzimbeni | Ukuvuvukala (ukugcinwa kwamanzi) noma ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni. |
| Ukushintsha kwesisindo somzimba | Ukwanda noma ukwehla kwesisindo, noma ngabe kukhona ushintsho ekufiseni ukudla noma cha. |
| Izinkinga zokuzala | Ubunzima bokuthola abantwana (Ukungazali). |
| Ukuthomba okulibazisekile | Ukuvuthwa kobulili kwezingane ezincane. |
| Ukwehluka kwezinga lokushisa komzimba | Ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa njalo, uzizwa ubanda kakhulu noma ushisa kakhulu. |
| Izinkinga zokulala | Ukungalali noma ukulala ngokweqile. |
| Isidingo sokuphuza njalo | Ukuchama njalo, ikakhulukazi ebusuku. |
Uma uqhubeka nokuzwa olunye noma ngaphezulu lwalezi zimpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela wakho ngokushesha bese ucela iseluleko ngaphandle kokulibala.Uzokwenza izivivinyo ezidingekayo futhi akusize uthole ukuthi inkinga yakho iyini ngempela.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-hypothalamus iyisikhungo esincane, kodwa esiyinhloko sokulawula ebuchosheni bethu.
- Le ngxenye ilawula izinto ezibalulekile njengokushisa komzimba, indlala, ukoma, ukulala kanye nomfutho wegazi.
- Lokhu kusebenza eduze kakhulu ne-pituitary gland futhi kulawula uhlelo lwama-hormone lomzimba.
- Ukulimala kwe-hypothalamus kungabangela izinkinga eziningi zempilo ezinkulu.
- Uma usola inkinga nge-hypothalamus noma uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezihlobene, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
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