Ingabe nawe unekhanda elingabekezeleleki kanye noshintsho embonweni wakho? Ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa sengathi uzwa ukukhala ezindlebeni zakho noma ubona izinto ezimbili emehlweni akho? Nakuba abantu abaningi becabanga ukuthi lokhu kuyi-migraine evamile, ngezinye izikhathi imbangela yalokhu kungaba yisimo esikhethekile esanda ingcindezi ngaphakathi kwekhanda lethu. Nakuba lokhu kungase kubonakale kuyesabisa kancane, uma ukukuqonda kahle futhi ukukwelapha ngesikhathi, kungalawulwa kahle. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngalesi simo abantu abaningi abangasazi, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukusazi.
Kalula nje, kuyini i-Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH)?
Leli gama lizwakala liyinkimbinkimbi kancane, akunjalo? Ake silichaze igama negama futhi siliqonde.
- Idiopathic : Lokhu kusho ukuthi "akukho mbangela eyaziwayo." Lokhu kusho ukuthi odokotela basazama ukuthola imbangela eqondile yalesi sifo.
- Intracranial: Lokhu kusho ukuthi "ngaphakathi kwekhanda."
- Umfutho wegazi ophakeme: Lokhu kusho "umfutho wegazi ophakeme."
Kalula nje, i-Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH) ukwanda kwengcindezi ngaphakathi kwekhanda ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo.
Cabanga ngakho, ubuchopho bethu abuyona nje into engaphakathi kwekhanda. Kukhona uketshezi olukhethekile oluzungezile ukuze luvikeleke. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) . Lolu ketshezi lwe-CSF yilona oluvikela ubuchopho bethu kanye nomgogodla ekushayisaneni nasekushayisaneni. Lolu ketshezi lwe-CSF lukhiqizwa njalo emzimbeni wethu, futhi luphinde lumuncwe ngumzimba. Njengoba nje ithangi ligcwele amanzi, bese amanzi ephuma ngakolunye uhlangothi.
Ku-IIH, ngesizathu esithile, lolu ketshezi lwe-CSF lukhiqizwa kakhulu noma aluphinde lumuncwe kahle emzimbeni. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi lolu ketshezi luqoqeke ngaphakathi kwekhanda futhi lukhuphuke kancane kancane ekucindezelweni. Lokhu kucindezela okwandisiwe kungathinta hhayi ubuchopho bethu kuphela, kodwa futhi nomthambo we-optic osiza amehlo ethu ukubona.
Lesi simo sasibizwa ngokuthi `i-pseudotumor cerebri` ngaphambilini. Sisho ukuthi ``isimila sobuchopho esingamanga.'' Isizathu sokuthi sibizwe kanjalo ukuthi izimpawu zaso zifana kakhulu nezesimila sobuchopho. Kodwa khumbula, i-IIH akuyona uhlobo lomdlavuza noma isimila sobuchopho.
Yiziphi izimpawu zomuntu one-IIH?
Umuntu onalesi simo angaba nezimpawu ezahlukahlukene. Kodwa lezi yizimpawu eziyinhloko nezivame kakhulu. Ake sibheke lokhu etafuleni ukuze sikuqonde kahle.
| Isibonakaliso | Kuzwakala kanjani lokho? |
|---|---|
| Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu | Lesi yisibonakaliso esivame kakhulu. Asifani nekhanda elibuhlungu elivamile. Liqala ngokuzumayo, alibekezeleleki, futhi lingaqala ngemuva kwekhanda bese lisakazekela entanyeni. Ngezinye izikhathi ubuhlungu buba bubi nakakhulu uma uvuka ekuseni. |
| Izinguquko ekuboneni | Izimpawu zingase zihlanganise ukubona okufiphele, ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo imizuzwana embalwa, ukubona kabili, noma ukulahlekelwa umbono ongaphandle. Lolu uphawu oluyingozi kakhulu. |
| Ukuzwa imisindo ezindlebeni (i-Tinnitus) | Umsindo wokukhala, ofana nomsindo "wokuhayiza", ungazwakala ezindlebeni, ofana nesigqi sokushaya kwenhliziyo. Lokhu kungabacasula kakhulu kwabanye abantu. |
| Ukuhlanza kanye nesicanucanu | Abanye abantu bangase babe nesicanucanu nokuhlanza kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu. |
| Ubuhlungu bentamo namahlombe | Ngaphezu kwekhanda elibuhlungu, ungase uzizwe ukuqina noma ubuhlungu entanyeni nasemahlombe. |
| Ukukhathala | Ungase uzizwe ukhathele futhi ulele ngaso sonke isikhathi ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile. |
Njengoba lezi zimpawu zingabonakala nakwezinye izifo, uma uhlangabezana nento efana nale, kungcono ukubonana nodokotela futhi ucele iseluleko.
Kungani lesi simo senzeka? Yiziphi izici eziyingozi?
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, imbangela eqondile yalokhu ayaziwa, kodwa odokotela bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kucindezela kungase kubangelwe ukuvaleka kwezindlela ezithwala uketshezi lwe-CSF noma ukuncishiswa kwemithambo emikhulu (ama-venous sinuses) ebuchosheni.
Nakuba lesi simo singakhula kunoma ubani, abanye abantu banamathuba amaningi okuba naso. Ake sibheke ukuthi bangobani.
- Abesifazane: Lesi simo sivame kakhulu kwabesifazane kunabesilisa, ikakhulukazi abesifazane abaseminyakeni yokuzala (abaphakathi kweminyaka engu-20-45 ubudala).
- Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile: Abantu abakhuluphele ngokweqile ngenxa yobude babo, okusho ukuthi labo abane-Body Mass Index (BMI) engaphezu kuka-30, basengozini enkulu kakhulu yokuthola i-IIH. Abacwaningi bathi amafutha amaningi esiswini nasesifubeni angenza kube nzima ukuthi igazi ligeleze liye ebuchosheni, okubangela uketshezi olunqwabelanayo ngaphakathi ebuchosheni.
- Ufuzo: Ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuthi uma othile emndenini enayo, kunethuba elincane lokuthi nabanye bazoyihlakulela. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lusaqhubeka ngalokhu.
Ingabe lokhu kuyingozi? Ingabe kungaba nezinkinga?
Lokhu kungase kuzwakale kusabisa, kodwa i-IIH empeleni ayisona isifo esisongela ukuphila. Lokho kusho ukuthi ayikubulali.
Kodwa-ke, inkinga enkulu neyimbi kakhulu yalokhu ukulahlekelwa umbono unomphela. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ingcindezi ekhulayo ngaphakathi kwekhanda ithinta ngqo inzwa yethu yokubona. Uma le nzwa yonakele isikhathi eside, ayikwazi ukulungiswa. Ngakho-ke, ukulahlekelwa umbono unomphela kungenzeka.
Yingakho sithi uma uzwa ubuhlungu bekhanda obukhulu kanye noshintsho oluncane embonweni wakho (ukufiphala, ukufiphala kwesibili, ukubona okuphindwe kabili), akufanele ukushaye indiva bese ubona udokotela ngokushesha. Uma uqala ukwelashwa ngesikhathi, ungakuvimbela ngokuphelele lokhu kuphazamiseka okukhulu.
Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi sifo ngqo?
Uma uya kudokotela, uzoqala ngokukubuza ngezimpawu zakho bese eyala uchungechunge lwezivivinyo ukuze akhiphe ezinye izimo ezingase zibe nezimpawu ezifanayo.
- Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo: Udokotela wamehlo uzohlola amehlo akho ngokucophelela, ikakhulukazi ukuhlola ukuvuvukala kwe-optic nerve. Bazokwenza nokuhlolwa kwensimu yokubona ukuze bahlole izindawo ezingaboni kahle ensimini yakho yokubona.
- Ukuskena kobuchopho: Kungacelwa i-CT scan noma i-MRI scan ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ayikho enye imbangela enkulu, njengesimila sobuchopho.
- Ukubhoboza umgogodla/umgogodla:Abanye abantu bayesaba uma bezwa leli gama. Kodwa lokhu kuyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokuhlola isifo. Okwenzayo ukufaka inalithi encane emhlane ongezansi, ukhiphe okuncane koketshezi lwe-CSF esikhulume ngalo, bese ulinganisa ukucindezeleka kwalo. Lokhu kucindezeleka kuphakeme kakhulu kunokujwayelekile kumuntu one-IIH.
Uma zonke lezi zivivinyo zenziwe futhi kungekho esinye isizathu esitholakalayo futhi ingcindezi ye-CSF nayo iphezulu, udokotela wakho uzoqinisekisa ukuthi une-IIH.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Ukwelashwa kwe-IIH kunemigomo emibili eyinhloko. Eyokuqala ukunciphisa ingcindezi ngaphakathi kobuchopho. Enye ukuvimbela ukulahlekelwa umbono. Kuye ngokuthi isimo sakho sibucayi kangakanani, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukwelashwa okukodwa noma ngaphezulu.
Imithi
Ngokuvamile, ukwelashwa kuqala ngemithi.
- Imithi enciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-CSF: Imithi efana ne -acetazolamide noma i-topiramate inikezwa ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa komzimba koketshezi lwe-CSF.
- Ama-diuretics: Lawa asiza ekunciphiseni umfutho wegazi ngokukhipha uketshezi oluningi emzimbeni ngomchamo.
- Ama-Painkiller: Ama-Painkiller avamile anikezwa ukulawula ikhanda.
Uma ukhulelwe, uzama ukukhulelwa, noma uphuza amaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo, kufanele utshele udokotela wakho nakanjani, njengoba eminye imithi ingase ingafaneleki kulezo zimo.
Ukuhlinzwa
Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu ezingenakukwazi ukulawulwa ngemithi, noma ezithinta kakhulu umbono, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa.
- Ukubekwa kwe-shunt: Lokhu kuhilela ukuvumela uketshezi lwe-CSF oluningi ukuthi lugeleze ngepayipi elincane luye kwenye indawo, njengasesiswini.
- Ukubekwa kwe-stent: Uma umthambo (i-venous sinus) ebuchosheni unciphile, kufakwa ipayipi elincane elifana ne-mesh (i-stent) kuwo ukuze linwetshwe. Lokhu kuvumela ukugeleza kwegazi ukuthi kuthuthukiswe kanye nengcindezi ukuthi inciphe.
- Ukuhlinzwa kwe-optic nerve sheath: Lokhu ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo okuhilela ukwenza izimbobo eziningana ezincane esikhwameni esizungeze i-optic nerve, okuvumela i-CSF eqoqene lapho ukuthi ikhiphe amanzi.
Ukuphathwa Kwesisindo
Lesi isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu kokubili ekwelashweni nasekuvimbeleni ukubuyela emuva kwesifo. Uma i-BMI yakho ingaphezu kwama-30, udokotela wakho cishe uzokweluleka ukuthi wehlise isisindo. Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ukulahlekelwa isisindo esingu-5% kuya ku-10% kuphela wesisindo somzimba wakho kungathuthukisa kakhulu izimpawu ze-IIH. Kungaba usizo ukusebenza nochwepheshe wezokudla ukuze akusize ngalokhu.
Kuzokwenzekani ngokulandelayo? Ngingaphila kanjani nalokhu?
Uma kutholakale kusenesikhathi futhi kwelashwa kahle, abantu abaningi abane-IIH bangaphila impilo evamile. Nakuba kungekho ikhambi, kuyisimo esilawulekayo.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi kungase kudingeke ubhekane nakho impilo yakho yonke. Ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu zingase ziphele bese zibuya. Ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela uhlelo lokwelashwa lukadokotela wakho, ikakhulukazi ukulawula isisindo.
Uma usutholakale une-IIH, ungaphuthelwa ukuvakashela udokotela wakho kanye nodokotela wamehlo njalo. Kubalulekile ukuvikela amehlo akho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH) akuyona isimila sobuchopho. Yisimo lapho ingcindezi ngaphakathi kogebhezi ikhuphuka khona ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo.
- Uma ikhanda elibuhlungu elingabekezeleleki lihambisana nanoma yiziphi izinguquko embonweni (ukufiphala, ukuba mnyama), lokho kuyisibonakaliso esikhulu esiyisixwayiso.
- Lesi simo sivame ukubonakala kwabesifazane abakhuluphele kakhulu abaseminyakeni yokuzala.
- Inkinga enkulu kakhulu engaba khona ngenxa yalokhu ukulahlekelwa umbono unomphela, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna ukwelashwa ngokushesha.
- Ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa imithi, ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlinzwa, kanye nokwehlisa isisindo kubalulekile ekuphathweni kwesikhathi eside.
- Uma unokungabaza ngalokhu, ungangabazi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho futhi ucele iseluleko.
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