Ingabe uvame ukuthola umkhuhlane nokukhwehlela? Noma ingabe uhlala unezinkinga zesisu noma izinkinga zesikhumba? Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungenzeka lapho uhlelo lomzimba wethu olulwa nezifo, okungukuthi, uhlelo lokuzivikela komzimba, luba buthakathaka kancane. Ngakho-ke namuhla sikhuluma ngokuhlolwa okubalulekile okwenziwa ukuze kutholakale ngokunembile isimo salo mzimba wokuzivikela. Leso ukuhlolwa kwe-Immunoglobulin.
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Iyini le Immunoglobulin?
Kalula nje, lokhu kulula kakhulu ukukuqonda. Cabanga ukuthi imizimba yethu ifana nezwe. Khona-ke izitha zingamagciwane afana namagciwane namabhaktheriya avela ngaphandle. Ukuze silwe nalezi zitha, sineqembu lamasosha akhethekile emizimbeni yethu. Lawo masosha abizwa ngokuthi ama-antibodies .
Lawa ma-antibodies yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi 'ama-Immunoglobulins' ngokwezokwelapha. Lawa enziwa ngamaseli ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela komzimba. Ngakho-ke lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-Immunoglobulin kulinganisa ukuthi mangaki kula ma-antibodies, noma 'amasosha', onawo emzimbeni wakho.
Ngenxa yezifo ezithile, inani le-Immunoglobulin emzimbeni wethu linganda ngokungadingekile , futhi ngezinye izikhathi linciphe ngaphezu kwalokho okudingekile .
- Uma amazinga e-immunoglobulin ephansi: Unamathuba amaningi okuthola izifo, ikakhulukazi izifo.
- Uma i-immunoglobulin inyusiwe: Kungasho ukuthi une-allergies, noma ukuthi amasosha omzimba wakho asebenza ngokweqile.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-immunoglobulin?
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-immunoglobulin emizimbeni yethu. Uhlobo ngalunye lunomsebenzi ohlukile. Ake sibheke izinhlobo eziyinhloko.
| Uhlobo lwe-immunoglobulin | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| I-Immunoglobulin A (IgA) | Lawa ma-antibodies atholakala kakhulu ezingxeni zamaphaphu ethu, ema-sinuses nasemathunjini. Atholakala naseziphuzweni ezifana namathe nezinyembezi. Yizo ezisivikela kumagciwane angena kulezo zindawo. |
| I-Immunoglobulin G (IgG) | Leli 'isosha elinolwazi' eliningi kakhulu egazini lethu nakwezinye izinto eziphuma emzimbeni. Linenkumbulo enhle. Uma igciwane elike langena emzimbeni ngaphambilini libuya, liyalibona bese lilihlasela ngokushesha. Kufana 'nenkumbulo'. Odokotela bahlola leli zinga le-IgG ukuthola ukuthi uke wavezwa yini yigciwane elithile ngaphambilini. |
| I-Immunoglobulin M (IgM) | Uma igciwane elisha lingena emzimbeni, la masosha e-IgM yiwo afika kuqala empini. Angumugqa wethu wokuqala wokuzivikela. Uma igciwane lingena emzimbeni, la mazinga e-IgM ayakhuphuka isikhashana, bese kuthi njengoba amazinga e-IgG ekhuphuka, amazinga e-IgM aphinde ehle. |
| I-Immunoglobulin E (IgE) | Lokhu kuhlukile kancane. Leli zinga le-IgE liyakhula lapho umzimba wethu usabela ngendlela engafanele ezintweni ezingenangozi empeleni, njengempova, uthuli, nokudla okuthile (okungukuthi, lapho kuvela ukungezwani komzimba). Leli zinga le-IgE lilinganiswa ngokuqinisekile ekuhlolweni kwegazi ukuze kubonakale ukuthi unesifo sokungezwani komzimba yini. |
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Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani udokotela wakho engase acele lokhu kuhlolwa. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma unezifo ezithathelwanayo njalo.
Lokhu kuhlolwa kunconywa kakhulu ezimweni ezilandelayo:
- Uma unezinkinga ze-sinus ezivamile, izifo zamaphaphu, izifo zesisu noma zamathumbu .
- Uma unesifo sohudo esihlala isikhathi eside.
- Uma wehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo.
- Uma unomkhuhlane ongapheli ongachazeki ongenakuchazeka ngenye imbangela.
- Uma kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuqubuka kwesikhumba .
- Uma usola ukuthi une -allergies .
- Uma ugula ngemva kokubuya ohambweni olude.
- Ukuqapha izimo ezifana ne-HIV/AIDS noma i-Multiple Myeloma (uhlobo lomdlavuza).
Kwenziwa kanjani lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-Immunoglobulin?
Odokotela bavame ukuhlola zonke ezintathu ndawonye: i-IgA, i-IgG, kanye ne-IgM ukuze bathole umbono oqondile ngokuzivikela komzimba wakho.
Indlela eyinhloko yokwenza lokhu ukuthatha isampula yegazi .Njengoba nje sivame ukunikeza igazi ukuze lihlolwe. Elabhorethri (uchwepheshe webhu), bathatha isampula encane yegazi emthanjeni osengalweni yakho bese beyithumela elabhorethri. Akuyona into enkulu kangako, akukho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho.
Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezikhethekile kakhulu, uma udokotela efuna ukuhlola uketshezi oluzungeze ubuchopho nomgogodla, olubizwa ngokuthi uketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF) , usebenzisa indlela ehlukile. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukubhoboza kwe-lumbar (ngezinye izikhathi okubizwa ngokuthi 'i-spinal tap'). Lokhu kwenziwa esibhedlela. Unikezwa umuthi wokuqeda izinhlungu ukuze uqede izinhlungu, bese kuthathwa isampula encane yoketshezi emhlane wakho ongezansi.
Usho ukuthini umbiko wami?
Ngemva kokuthumela isampula yakho elabhorethri, kungathatha izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuthi umbiko ufike.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi awukwazi ukusho ngokuqiniseka okungu-100% ukuthi unesifo ngoba nje amanani embikweni wakho aphansi noma aphezulu. Lokhu kunikeza umbono ongemuhle.
Udokotela wakho angase futhi acele ezinye izivivinyo kanye nalombiko, njenge- Complete Blood Count (CBC) , ukuhlolwa kwegazi le-protein , noma ukuhlolwa komchamo ukuhlola ukusebenza kwezinso.
Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izizathu ezivamile ezenza la manani akhuphuke futhi ehle.
| Izinto ezingabangela amazinga aphezulu e-immunoglobulin | |
|---|---|
| Ukungezwani komzimba | Ukutheleleka okungapheli |
| Izinkinga zokuzivikela komzimba - isib. Isifo Samathambo Esinobuhlungu Beqolo, I-Lupus, Isifo Se-Celiac | Isifo sesibindi |
| Isifo samathumbu esivuvukalayo | Izinhlobo zomdlavuza - isib. i- Multiple Myeloma, i-Lymphoma, i-Leukemia |
| Izinto ezingabangela ukwehla kwamazinga e-immunoglobulin | |
|---|---|
| Eminye imithi ebuthakathaka amasosha omzimba (isib. ama-steroid) | Izinkinga zesifo sikashukela |
| Isifo sezinso noma ukwehluleka | Ukuntuleka kwamasosha omzimba okuzalwe nakho noma okutholakale (isib. i-HIV/AIDS ) |
Ngakho-ke, esikhundleni sokugijimela eziphethweni ngokwakho ngalokho okusembikweni wakho, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela okuhlolile. Uzobuyekeza izimpawu zakho kanye nayo yonke eminye imibiko yokuhlolwa bese ekutshela ngqo ukuthi yini okudingeka uyenze nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo okufanele uzithathe ngokulandelayo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-immunoglobulin uhlobo lwe-antibody olufana nesosha emzimbeni wethu elilwa nezifo.
- Lokhu kuhlolwa kungabaluleka uma unezifo ezivame ukutheleleka, ukungezwani komzimba, noma uma usola ukuthi amasosha omzimba wakho abuthakathaka.
- Lokhu kuhlola kuhlola amazinga ezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-antibodies, njenge-IgA, IgG, IgM, kanye ne-IgE.
- Amanani aphansi noma aphezulu embikweni angabangelwa yizizathu ezahlukene. Ungacabangi ukuthi kukhona isifo ngokwakho.
- Udokotela wakho kuphela onganikeza incazelo engcono kakhulu kanye neseluleko esengeziwe mayelana nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwakho, ngakho qiniseka ukuthi uhlangana naye.
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