Udokotela wakho kungenzeka ukuthi ucele ukuhlolwa okukhethekile ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Wake wezwa ngegama elithi "immunostaining"? Kungase kuzwakale kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kunzima. Kodwa empeleni kuwukuhlolwa kwelebhu okuthuthukisiwe kakhulu okusisiza ukuthi sihlole ngokunembile izifo ezifana nomdlavuza kanye nezifo ezahlukahlukene. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngakho ngendlela elula kakhulu.
Kalula nje, kuyini i-Immunostaining?
Ukuvikela amasosha omzimba kuyindlela ekhethekile esetshenziselwa ukuhlonza i-molecule ethile yephrotheni udokotela afuna ukuyibheka phakathi kwamaprotheni amaningi egazini lakho, isampula yezicubu, noma isampula yomnkantsha.
Zicabange ufunda incwadi. Usebenzisa ipeni eligqamisa imisho ebaluleke kakhulu encwadini ukuze ukwazi ukuyibona kalula. Yilokho okwenziwa yile ndlela. Ezinkulungwaneni zamaprotheni angaphakathi kwamaseli omzimba wethu, le ndlela isisiza ukuhlonza amaprotheni athile (esiwabiza ngokuthi ama-antigen ) ahlobene nesifo esithile "ngokuwafaka umbala."
Lokhu "kugcotshwa" kwenziwa kusetshenziswa izinto ezikhethekile ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-antibodies . Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, kusetshenziswa i-antibody engabopha kuphela i-antigen ethile. Le antibody inamathele ku-pigment ekhethekile, i-enzyme, i-molecule ye-fluorescent, noma izinhlayiya zegolide. Ngakho-ke uma leyo antibody ibopha ku-antigen okukhulunywa ngayo, uma siyibheka ngaphansi kwe-microscope, iphenduka umbala omuhle futhi singayibona kahle.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa ngodokotela bezifo elabhorethri. Ngisho noma isampula (njengegazi noma izicubu) ithathwa kuwe esibhedlela, ukuhlolwa kwenzeka elabhorethri.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokuhlolwa kwe-immunostaining?
Kunezindlela eziningana ezisetshenziswayo ukwenza lokhu kuhlolwa. Udokotela wakho uzokhetha indlela efanele kakhulu ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho sezokwelapha. Ake sibheke ezinye zezindlela eziyinhloko.
| Indlela yokuhlola | Lokhu kwenzani futhi kusetshenziselwani? |
|---|---|
| I-immunohistochemistry | Lena yindlela evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu. Lapha, isampula yezicubu ezithathwe kuwe ibekwa ku-slide yengilazi, kufakwe i-antibody efanele, bese kusetshenziswa udayi okhethekile ukuyingcolisa. Bese ihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Lokhu kusiza kakhulu ekuboneni izinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza , ukuhlukanisa izimo zezinzwa kanye nezinkinga zegazi. |
| I-Flow cytometry | Cabanga ngakho njengokuskena ukudla esitolo esikhulu. Ngale ndlela, amaseli akho adluliswa ngomsebe we-laser, ngalinye ngalinye, kusetshenziswa ama-antibodies anombala. Umshini ungabe usubala, uhlunge, futhi uhlukanise amaseli. Lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukuthola umdlavuza ofana ne-leukemia kanye ne-lymphoma, izifo ezahlukahlukene ezithathelwanayo, kanye nezifo ezizimele . |
| I-immuno-electron microscopy (i-EM immunolabeling) | Lokhu kuvumela isampula ukuthi ibukwe ngokukhulisa okuphezulu kakhulu, ngendlela enemininingwane eminingi. Lapha, izinhlayiya zegolide ze-colloidal zinamathele kuma-antibodies. Uma zibhekwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope ye-electron, lezi zinhlayiya zegolide zibonakala ngokucacile njengamachashazi amnyama. Ngakho-ke, uma i-antibody isinamathele ku-antigen, ingatholakala kalula. Le ndlela isetshenziselwa futhi ukuthola izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane nokuthola izindawo zama-antigen amagciwane emithini yokugoma. |
Ngingalungiselela kanjani lolu vivinyo?
Ngokuvamile, awudingi ukulungiselela noma yini ekhethekile yokuhlolwa kwe-immunostaining.
Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokuthatha isampula (okungukuthi, ukuthatha igazi noma ingxenye yezicubu, njenge-biopsy), udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imiyalelo ecacile mayelana nokuthi wenzeni. Isibonelo, uma wenza i-biopsy, ungase utshelwe ukuthi ungadli noma uphuze noma yini ngaphambi kwenqubo. Kubalulekile ukulandela leyo miyalelo ngqo.
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuhlolwa? Imiphumela izotholakala nini?
Isikhathi esithathayo ukuze lokhu kwenzeke siyahlukahluka kuye ngendlela esetshenzisiwe.
- Ezinye izindlela zingaveza imiphumela emahoreni ambalwa .
- Ezinye izindlela zingathatha izinsuku eziyi-10 .
Ngosuku okuthathwa ngalo isampula yakho, udokotela noma ilungu labasebenzi bazokunikeza umbono oqondile wokuthi kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthola imiphumela, ngakho ungakhathazeki ngalokho.
Ithini imiphumela?
Udokotela wezifo elabhorethri uzohlola isampula yakho bese ethumela umbiko ogcwele wemiphumela kudokotela wakho okwelaphayo. Udokotela wakho uzobe esehlobanisa imiphumela esembikweni nesimo sakho futhi akuchazele ngamagama alula ukuthi isho ukuthini.
Kwenzekani ngokulandelayo uma imiphumela ingavamile?
Uma ukuhlolwa kuqinisekisa isimo sezokwelapha, ungesabi. Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela imiphumela ngokugcwele futhi axoxe ngezinketho zakho zokwelapha.
Kwezinye izimo, ithimba lodokotela abavela emikhakheni ehlukene lingahlangana ukuze lixoxe ngohlelo lokwelapha olungcono kakhulu. Umgomo wawo wonke umuntu ukukunikeza ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, khuluma nodokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ongase ube nakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Immunostaining ukuhlolwa kwelebhu okukhethekile okusebenzisa ama-antibodies ukuthola ngokunembile izifo ezifana nomdlavuza kanye nezifo.
- Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zalolu vivinyo, futhi udokotela wakho uzokhetha indlela efanele kakhulu ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho sezokwelapha.
- Udokotela wakho uzokwazisa ngemiyalelo okufanele uyilandele ngaphambi kokunikeza isampula ukuze ihlolwe.
- Isikhathi esithathayo ukuthola imiphumela yokuhlolwa singahluka, futhi uma imiphumela isitholakala, udokotela wakho uzokuchazela yona futhi axoxe ngezinyathelo ezilandelayo, uma kudingeka.
- Xoxani ngokukhululekile nganoma yimiphi imibuzo onayo mayelana nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwakho noma isimo sakho sezokwelapha.
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