Ingabe uneqhubu entanyeni yakho? Ake sifunde ngohlobo oluyingozi lomdlavuza we-thyroid? (Umdlavuza we-Thyroid we-Anaplastic - ATC)

Wake wazizwa iqhubu ngaphambili entanyeni yakho? Noma ukhona yini umuntu omaziyo owake wazizwa? Ngezinye izikhathi ungazishaya indiva lezi zinto. Kodwa-ke, namuhla sizokhuluma ngohlobo lomdlavuza we-thyroid olungathi sína, kodwa olungavamile kakhulu. Lubizwa ngokuthi `(Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer)` noma `(ATC)`. Lokhu kungase kuzwakale kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane, kodwa masikwenze kube lula, kulungile?

Kuyini i-Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (ATC)?

Kalula nje, `(Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer)` noma `(ATC)` uhlobo lomdlavuza olusakazeka ngokushesha kakhulu nolunolaka olwenzeka endlaleni yethu ye-thyroid. Ubuwazi, indlala `(thyroid)` iyindlala encane efana novemvane etholakala ngaphambili entanyeni yakho, ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Iyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu `(uhlelo lwe-endocrine)` lomzimba wethu, okungukuthi, uhlelo olukhiqiza ama-hormone. Ama-hormone akhiqizwa yi-`(thyroid)` asiza ukulawula imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile emzimbeni.

Lo `(ATC)` ubizwa nangokuthi `(umdlavuza we-thyroid ongahlukanisiwe)`. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi la maseli omdlavuza awabukeki futhi awaziphathanga njengamaseli e-thyroid ajwayelekile aphilile. Ahluke ngokuphelele futhi sekunzima ukuwabona. Ngenxa yobunzima nokushesha kwalo mdlavuza, i-American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) eyenza izinqumo mayelana nomdlavuza ihlala ibheka lo `(ATC)` njengomdlavuza `(Isigaba IV)`. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungathuthuka kakhulu uma utholakala.

Ubani okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi athole lo mdlavuza "(ATC)"?

Umdlavuza we-Anaplastic Thyroid uvame ukutholakala kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60. Kutholakale nokuthi abesifazane banamathuba amaningi okuthola lo mdlavuza kunabesilisa.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

Umdlavuza we-Anaplastic Thyroid empeleni uhlobo lomdlavuza olungavamile kakhulu . Luhlanganisa cishe u-2% wazo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza we-thyroid. Cabanga nje, ngisho nasezweni elifana neMelika, umuntu oyedwa noma ababili kuphela kwabayisigidi abatholakala benalesi sifo minyaka yonke. Ngakho-ke, lesi akusona isifo esithinta abantu abaningi.

Ikhula ngokushesha kangakanani i-`(ATC)`?

Lena inkinga enkulu ngalo mdlavuza. Umdlavuza we-Thyroid we-Anaplastic uhlobo lomdlavuza olukhula ngokushesha kakhulu futhi olunolaka . Ngezinye izikhathi ungakhula ngokushesha phakathi namasonto ambalwa futhi usakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Cabanga nje, cishe kubantu abangu-50% abanalesi "(ATC)", ngesikhathi lesi sifo sitholakala, umdlavuza ususakazeke ezingxenyeni ezikude zomzimba futhi "ususuliwe" . Ngokuvamile, umdlavuza usakazeka ngale ndlela ezithweni ezifana "(amaphaphu)", "(amathambo)", kanye "nobuchopho".

Ziyini izimpawu ze-`(Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer)`?

Ngokuvamile, isimo esithi "Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer" sivela kuqala.Isimila noma iqhubu elakheka ngaphambili entanyeni, eduze kwendlala yegilo.

Lezi zimila "(ATC)" zikhula ngokushesha kakhulu, okwenza zibonakale kalula esigulini, emndenini waso nakubangane. Uma uthinta lezi zimila, ungase uzizwe unzima futhi ubuhlungu kancane .

Njengoba lesi simila sikhula, siqala ukucindezela kwezinye izingxenye zentamo (njenge-windpipe, i-esophagus). Izimpawu ezinjengalezi zingase zivele:

• Ubunzima bokugwinya (i-dysphagia)
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (ukuphelelwa umoya)
• Ukuhosha noma ukushintsha kwezwi
• Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo
• Ukukhubazeka kwe -Vocal Cord

Abantu abanomdlavuza osakazeke (osusakazeke) kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba bangase babe nezinye izimpawu kanye nalezi zimpawu. Isibonelo:

• Ubuhlungu bethambo
• Ukuvuvukala kwamalunga (izigaxa)
• Ubuthakathaka bomzimba
• Izinkinga zesimiso sezinzwa (isib. ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukuxhuzula)

Yini ebangela umdlavuza we-Anaplastic Thyroid?

Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, ososayensi abakakazi kahle ukuthi yini ebangela i-Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (ATC). Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, abantu abanezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza we-thyroid (njengomdlavuza we-papillary noma we-follicular thyroid) bangaba ne-ATC ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Futhi, cishe ku-80% weziguli ezine-"ATC", lo mdlavuza uvela ne-"goiter" ende (indlala yegilo ekhulisiwe) . Kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona olunye uhlobo lomdlavuza wegilo olungakaze lutholakale ngaphambilini.

Lesi sifo `(Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer)` sitholakala kanjani?

Odokotela bavame ukwenza i-fine needle aspiration (FNA) noma i-needle biopsy ukuze baxilonge umdlavuza we-thyroid ongasebenzi kahle (ATC). Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha isampula encane kakhulu yezicubu, ebizwa ngokuthi i-biopsy, esigaxeni esisentanyeni yakho besebenzisa inaliti encane kakhulu . Udokotela wezifo ube esebheka isampula yezicubu ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze abone ukuthi inamangqamuzana omdlavuza nokuthi, uma kunjalo, uhlobo luni lomdlavuza we-thyroid.

Ngezinye izikhathi, udokotela angase futhi ancome "i-core biopsy", eyenziwa ngenaliti enkulu kancane.

Uma i-ATC isiqinisekisiwe, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizo-oda ezinye izivivinyo eziningi ukuze lihlole impilo yakho iyonke futhi linqume ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke yini. Lokhu kungafaka ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwezithombe, okufana nalokhu:

• "Iskeni se-CT (computed tomography)"
• "Ukuskena kwe-Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)"
• "Iskeni se-F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET)"

Ngenxa yohlobo lomdlavuza olunamandla, bonke abantu abane-Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer babhekwa njengeziguli zeSigaba IV . Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo ezintathu:

• Isigaba IVA : (ATC) sitholakala kuphela endlaleni ye-thyroid. Cishe u-10% weziguli ezitholakale zine-HIV ziwela kulesi sigaba.
• Isigaba se-IVB : (ATC) Njengasesigungwini se-thyroid, umdlavuza ususakazekele entanyeni (ngokuvamile uye kuma-lymph node) kodwa awusakazekelanga ezindaweni ezikude emzimbeni. Cishe ama-40% eziguli awela kulesi sigaba.
• Isigaba IVC : (ATC) Ngaphezu kwendlala yegilo, umdlavuza ususabalale nakwezinye izindawo ezikude emzimbeni (isib., amathambo, amaphaphu, ubuchopho). Cishe ama-50% eziguli analesi sigaba.

Iphathwa kanjani i-Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer?

Uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, `(Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer - ATC)` umdlavuza okunzima kakhulu ukuwuphatha . Isizathu ukuthi unolaka kakhulu futhi ungasakazeka ngokushesha, kokubili entanyeni nasezindaweni ezikude zomzimba (njengamaphaphu, amathambo, nobuchopho).

Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu nokufuna ukwelashwa kodokotela abanolwazi lokwelapha `(ATC)`.

Uma kwelashwa i-ATC, ithimba lodokotela elihlanganisa imikhakha eminingi lisebenza ndawonye. Leli qembu livame ukufaka ochwepheshe abalandelayo:

• Odokotela be-Endocrinologists
• Odokotela bezokwelapha abangomdlavuza
• Odokotela be-radiation oncologists
• Odokotela abahlinzayo

Ukwelashwa kwe-`(ATC)` kuvame ukuhlanganisa inhlanganisela yalezi zinto:

• Ukuhlinzwa
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
• Ukunakekelwa kokunciphisa izimpawu (ukunakekelwa kokunciphisa izimpawu)

Ukuhlinzwa kwe-`(ATC)`

Uma une-`(ATC)`, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha cishe lizoncoma ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe isimila. Kodwa-ke, uma unezinye izinkinga zempilo, ukuhlinzwa kungaba yingozi.

Inqubo yokuhlinzwa evame kakhulu esetshenziswa ekwelapheni i-ATC ukuhlinzwa kokususa ama-bulking . Lokhu kuhilela ukususa isimila somdlavuza esiningi ngangokunokwenzeka, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi uzama ukuvikela i-larynx yakho (ingxenye yebhokisi lakho lezwi) ngenkathi ususa noma yiziphi izingxenye ezingaba usongo endleleni yakho yokuphefumula.

Kodwa, ngokudabukisayo, ezimweni eziningi, ukuhlinzwa kungase kungenzeki ngoba isimila sikhulu kakhulu, indawo yaso, nokuthi sisakazeke kanjani.

Kodwa kubalulekile futhi ukwazi lokhu: Kukhona nemibiko yeziguli ezisinde iminyaka eminingana ngemuva kokuthola inhlanganisela enamandla yemisebe kanye ne-chemotherapy (ATC) yize ukuhlinzwa kwakungenzeki.

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe ye-`(ATC)`

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kuyindlela yokwelapha esebenzisa imisebe yamandla enamandla (imisebe) ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma ukuwavimba ekukhuleni kwawo.

Uma une-ATC, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha cishe lizoncoma uhlobo olukhethekile lokwelashwa ngemisebe olubizwa ngokuthi i-External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT). Lokhu kuhilela ukubhekisa ngqo kuma-X-ray ezindaweni ezidinga ukwelashwa (ngokuvamile isimila ngokwaso noma umdlavuza osakazekele emathanjeni noma kwezinye izitho zomzimba).

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kwe-`(ATC)`

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali uhlobo lokwelashwa komdlavuza olubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi luwavimbele ukuthi azalane.

Uma une-`(ATC)`, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lingancoma i-`(adjuvant therapy)` chemotherapy njengokwelashwa okwengeziwe kokubulala noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele ngemva kokuhlinzwa noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe. `(chemotherapy)`, ikakhulukazi i-`(ATC)`, kwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa ngemisebe. Okusho ukuthi, kwenza umdlavuza ube nomuzwa wokuzwela kakhulu emisebeni, noma kwenza ukwelashwa ngemisebe kuphumelele kakhudlwana.

Imithi emisha ye-chemotherapy eye yabonisa imiphumela ethembisayo ekwelapheni eminye imidlavuza enamandla manje isiyatholakala yomdlavuza we-thyroid onamandla. Nakuba le mithi ingenakukwazi ukwelapha ngokuphelele imidlavuza enamandla esakazeke emzimbeni wonke, inganciphisa noma ilawule ukukhula komdlavuza ngezinga elithile.

Eminye yemithi ye-chemotherapy esetshenziselwa umdlavuza we-thyroid yile:

• Ama-taxanes (isb., i-paclitaxel noma i-docetaxel)
• Ama-anthracycline (isib. i-doxorubicin)
• Ama-analog e-platinum (isb. i-cisplatin noma i-carboplatin)

Ukunakekelwa Kwezinhlungu Zengqondo (ATC)

Ukunakekelwa kwe-palliative kuyindlela yokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha enciphisa ubuhlungu, izimpawu, kanye nokucindezeleka okubangelwa ukugula okukhulu.

Uma une-`(ATC)`, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lingancoma lezi zindlela zokwelapha zokunakekelwa kobuhlungu ukusiza ukuphatha izimpawu ze-`(ATC)` kanye nemiphumela emibi yokwelashwa.

Ukunakekelwa kwe-palliative (ATC) kungafaka:

• I-Tracheostomy (ukufaka ipayipi emphinjeni ukuze kusize ekuphefumuleni)
• Ukufakwa kwepayipi esiswini ukuze kunceliswe (ipayipi le-gastrostomy noma ipayipi le-G)
• Ukunikeza amaphilisi obuhlungu

Odokotela banikeza ukunakekelwa kokunciphisa ubuhlungu ngesikhathi esifanayo lapho belapha umdlavuza. Ukunakekelwa kokunciphisa ubuhlungu akusho ukuthi ukwelashwa komdlavuza ngeke kuphumelele.

Ingabe i-Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer ingelapheka ngokuphelele?

Ngeshwa, njengezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza we-thyroid, umdlavuza we-thyroid ongasebenzi kahle awukwazi ukwelapheka ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa. Ngisho nokuhlinzwa kwe-thyroid, okususa yonke i-thyroid gland, akweluli isikhathi sokuphila kweziguli ezine-ATC.

Ingabe umdlavuza we-Thyroid we-Anaplastic ungavinjelwa?

Ngokudabukisayo, ezimweni eziningi, ayikho indlela yokuvimbela i-Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (ATC).

Kodwa-ke, uma kutholakale ukuthi une-goiter noma i-thyroid nodule engenawo umdlavuza (engeyinhle), kubalulekile ukuthi udokotela ahlole impilo yakho ye-thyroid njalo. I-ATC ngezinye izikhathi ingavela kwezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza we-thyroid noma i-goiter.

Uma ngine-`(Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer)`, yini okufanele ngiyilindele?

Njengawo wonke umuntu, wonke amacala e-Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (ATC) ahlukile. Futhi kunjalo nangezimpendulo zokwelashwa. Ngenxa yohlobo lwe-ATC, kunzima ukubikezela ikusasa ngokunembile .

Kodwa-ke, ososayensi bathola izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha nsuku zonke zokwelapha umdlavuza we-thyroid osuthuthukile, okuhlanganisa (i-ATC). Nakuba ukwelashwa kungaba nzima, kubalulekile ukungalilahli ithemba lapho lesi sifo sitholakala okokuqala .

Kubalulekile ukusebenzisana nethimba lodokotela abanolwazi nge-Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer. Uma ungakwazi ukuya esibhedlela esikhulu esinodokotela abanolwazi nge-ATC, cela odokotela bendawo ukuthi basebenzisane nochwepheshe kulezo zikhungo ezinolwazi ukuze bathuthukise uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuqonda izingozi nezinzuzo zezindlela ezahlukene zokwelapha. Udinga ukukhuluma ngokwakho, futhi uthole ukwesekwa emndenini nakubangani.

Lingakanani izinga lokusinda kwe-`(Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer)`?

Isikhathi esimaphakathi sokusinda kwe-Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (ATC) siyizinyanga ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisithupha ngemva kokuxilongwa. Abantu abangaphansi kuka-20% abane-ATC basinda unyaka owodwa ngemva kokuxilongwa .

Nakuba lezi zibalo zingase zibe nzima kancane, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi kunabantu asebephile iminyaka eminingana ngemva kokwelashwa `(i-Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer)`.

Iyini i-prognosis ye-Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer?

Ngenxa yohlobo olunamandla lomdlavuza we-thyroid ongasebenzi kahle kanye nokuntuleka kwezindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo, ukubikezela lesi sifo ngokuvamile akubi .

Iningi labantu abane-ATC liyafa phakathi nonyaka, kungaba ngenxa yokuvaleka kwendlela yokungena komoya yi-tumor noma ngenxa yezinkinga ezibangelwa ukusabalala komdlavuza emaphashini (ama-pulmonary metastases).

Kodwa-ke, iziguli ezine-``(ATC)`` ezinalezi zici ngokuvamile zingaba nombono ongcono kancane:

• Ukuba ngaphansi kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala.
• Isimila sitholakala ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela lwendlala yegilo (isimila esiseceleni).
• Usayizi wesimila somdlavuza ungaphansi kwamasentimitha angu-5 (5 cm).
• Umdlavuza awukasabalali uye kuma-lymph node noma ezindaweni ezikude.

Ngingazinakekela kanjani uma ngine-Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer?

Uma unomdlavuza we-thyroid ongasabonakali, indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzinakekela iwukuqonda kahle ukuthi uzogula nini. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi yini ongayilindela ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho.

Lezi akuzona izingxoxo ezilula kuwe noma kudokotela wakho, kodwa zibaluleke kakhulu. Udokotela wakho angakusiza uqonde ukuthi kwenzekani emzimbeni wakho nokuthi yini engase yenzeke esikhathini esizayo. Bangakusiza futhi ukuthi ucabange ngezinketho zakho futhi baphakamise izinsiza ezingasiza.

Uma ngine-Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer, kufanele ngicabangele ukunakekelwa kwe-hospice?

Ukunakekelwa kwe-hospice ukunakekelwa okusiza abantu abanezifo ezingathi sína nezivimbela impilo baphile izinsuku zabo zokugcina ngenduduzo, isithunzi, ukulawula, kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila.

Uma abantu belwa nesifo esingathi sína, isikhathi sabo namandla abo kuvame ukugxila ekunakekelweni kwezokwelapha. Uma becabanga ngokunakekelwa kwe-hospice, lokho kugxila kuyashintsha kusuka ekuguleni kuye endleleni abafuna ukuchitha ngayo isikhathi sabo. Abantu abaningi banquma ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwe-hospice ngemva kokukhuluma ngakho nodokotela wabo, umndeni, kanye nabanye abathandekayo babo. Uma ucabanga ngokunakekelwa kwe-hospice, cela udokotela wakho usizo lokuthola ulwazi nezinsiza.

Ukutholwa unomdlavuza, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uluhlobo luni, kungaba yinto eshaqisayo. Njengoba kunombono omubi womdlavuza we-thyroid ongenaplastiki, kungaba yinto esabekayo kakhulu. Nakuba ukwelapha umdlavuza we-thyroid ongenaplastiki (ATC) kungaba yinselele, kubalulekile ukungalilahli ithemba lapho utholakala okokuqala. Uma ubhekene nobunzima bokucabanga ngesifo esingaba yingozi, khuluma nethimba lakho lezempilo. Bangakusiza ukuthola izinsiza zokukusiza ukuthi uhambe ngendlela yakho.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule kulokho esixoxe ngakho (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, manje usunomqondo othile mayelana ne-`(Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer - ATC)` esikhulume ngayo. Nakuba lesi kuyisihloko esibucayi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma unezimpawu ezifana neqhubu elisha elikhula ngokushesha entanyeni yakho, ubunzima bokugwinya, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma ukushintsha kwezwi lakho, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela.

• I-ATC uhlobo lomdlavuza we-thyroid olungavamile, kodwa olunolaka kakhulu, olusakazeka ngokushesha .
• Ngokuvamile kuthinta abesifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 .
• Izimpawu zingavela ngokushesha. Eziyinhloko yiqhubu entanyeni, ubuhlungu, ubunzima bokugwinya, kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula .
• Ukwelashwa kuyinselele, kodwa ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngokuhlanganisa izindlela ezahlukene zokwelapha (ukuhlinzwa, imisebe, i-chemotherapy, ukunakekelwa kwe-palliative).
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxilonga lesi sifo ngokushesha nokufuna ukwelashwa eqenjini lezokwelapha elinolwazi .
• Esimweni esinzima njengalesi , amandla engqondo kanye nokusekelwa komndeni nabangane kubaluleke kakhulu.

Sithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luzokusiza. Uma uneminye imibuzo mayelana nalokhu, sicela uxhumane nodokotela. Hlala uphilile!

Umdlavuza we-thyroid ongasebenzi kahle , umdlavuza we-thyroid, isimila sentamo, izimpawu zomdlavuza, ukwelashwa komdlavuza, i-ATC, i-thyroid gland