Ingabe kufanele sifunde nje ngezifo ezithathelwanayo esizitholayo?

O, ngezinye izikhathi sizizwa sigula ngokuzumayo, akunjalo? Siba nomkhuhlane, sithola umkhuhlane, futhi imizimba yethu iqala ukuqaqamba. Lolu hlobo lwezifo luvame ukubangelwa izinto ezincane ezingena emizimbeni yethu zivela ngaphandle. Lezi zifo sizibiza ngokuthi izifo ezithelelanayo . Uma sazi ngalezi, kulula ngathi ukuzivikela kuzo futhi silulame ngokushesha uma sizithola.

Ziyini lezi zifo ezithelelanayo? Kalula nje...

Kalula nje, izifo ezithelelanayo yizifo ezibangelwa izinto eziphilayo eziyingozi (amagciwane) ezingena emizimbeni yethu zivela ngaphandle, noma njengoba sizibiza kanjalo, amagciwane . Kunezinhlobo eziningana zamagciwane. Isibonelo, amagciwane , amabhaktheriya , isikhunta , ama-parasite , njll. Akuvamile kakhulu, izinto ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-prion nazo zingadala lokhu.

Cabanga nje, sonke sike saba nesifo esithelelanayo esinjengalesi esikhathini esithile empilweni yethu. Uma umuntu ekhwehlela noma ethimula, lawo magciwane angangena emizimbeni yethu uma siwaphefumula. Lawa angasakazwa yizilwane ezifana nomiyane, ngokudla ukudla okungcolile, noma ngisho nayindawo esizungezile. Umkhuhlane ovamile, umkhuhlane, izifo zokuphefumula ezifana ne-COVID, ukuphazamiseka kwesisu, izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STIs), kanye ne-eczema ezithweni kuyizibonelo ezinhle zalezi zifo ezithelelanayo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukukhumbula ukuthi lezi zifo ziyathelelana futhi zingasakazeka zisuka komunye umuntu ziye komunye .

Ngakho-ke ziyini izifo ezingathelelani?

Kukhona nezifo ezihlukile kancane. Zibizwa ngokuthi izifo ezingezona ezithathelwanayo . Lezi azibangelwa amagciwane. Zingabangelwa izici zofuzo, izinguquko esakhiweni somzimba, noma ukuguga. Awukwazi ukuthola lezi zifo kwabanye abantu, ezilwaneni, noma ekudleni. Isibonelo, izinto ezifana nomdlavuza, isifo sikashukela, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo okubangelwa ukuminyana, kanye nesifo i-Alzheimer's ziwela esigabeni sezifo ezingathathelwana.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zamagciwane ezibangela izifo ezithathelwanayo?

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, izifo ezithelelanayo zibangelwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamagciwane. Ake sibheke lokho ngemininingwane ethe xaxa.

• Ukutheleleka ngegciwane: Amagciwane ayizingcezu ezincane zolwazi lwezakhi zofuzo (i-DNA noma i-RNA) ezivalelwe egobolondweni elivikelayo. Angena emaseli ethu futhi abangele izifo. Umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, isimungumungwane, i-chickenpox, i-dengue, kanye ne-COVID-19 ngezinye zezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.
• Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane: Amabhaktheriya ayizinto eziphilayo ezincane, ezineseli elilodwa. Ulwazi lwazo lwezakhi zofuzo luqukethwe engxenyeni encane ye-DNA . Amanye amabhaktheriya asilungele, kodwa amanye abangela ukugula. Amabhaktheriya angabangela izinto ezifana nomphimbo obuhlungu, isifo sofuba, kanye nokutheleleka komgudu womchamo.
• Ukutheleleka kwe-fungus:Isikhunta sihlala esikhumbeni sethu nasendaweni ezungezile. Kodwa uma sikhula kakhulu noma siya lapho kungafanele khona, singadala izifo. Isikhunta sinesibopho sezifo zesikhumba, i-ringworm, kanye nokutheleleka kwe-candida.
• Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane: Ama-parasites yizinto eziphilayo ezihlala emzimbeni wenye into futhi zithola ukudla nokuphuza kwazo kuleyo nto. Umalaleveva, ama-hookworm, ama-pinworm, njll. kubangelwa ama-parasites.
• Izifo ze-Prion: Lezi yizifo ezingavamile kakhulu. Zibizwa nangokuthi i-Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs) . Zibangelwa uhlobo lweprotheni elakhiwe ngendlela engafanele. Lawa maprotheni anephutha aphinde ahlukanise amanye amaprotheni amahle.

Yiziphi izifo ezithelelanayo esivame ukuzibona?

Empeleni kunezifo ezithelelanayo ezingamakhulu. Kodwa nansi ezimbalwa ezivame kakhulu ezithinta izigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele:

• Umkhuhlane ovamile
• I-Covid-19 (i-COVID-19)
• Umkhuhlane
• Izibungu ze-hookworm
• Ukutheleleka kwe-HPV (Human Papillomavirus)
• I-Norovirus (igciwane elibangela ukucasuka kwesisu)
• Izimpethu
• I-Ringworm (isb. unyawo lomdlali)
• I-RSV (i-Respiratory Syncytial Virus) (ukutheleleka kohlelo lokuphefumula)
• Ukutheleleka komphimbo (umphimbo obuhlungu)
• Isifo sofuba

Yiziphi izimpawu ezingaba khona zezifo ezithelelanayo?

Izimpawu zesifo esithathelwanayo ziyahlukahluka kuye ngesifo . Isibonelo, ukutheleleka ngefungus kuvame ukukhombisa izimpawu endaweni ethile yesikhumba, njengokulunywa noma ukubomvu. Kodwa-ke, ukutheleleka ngegciwane kanye namagciwane kungabangela izimpawu ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba. Izimpawu ezivamile zifaka:

• Ukugodola
• Ukukhwehlela
• Ukuphazamiseka kwesisu (uhudo, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza)
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele (Ukukhathala)
• Imfiva
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Ubuhlungu bomzimba, izinhlungu zemisipha
• Impumulo egobhozayo noma evalekile

Yiziphi izimbangela zezifo ezithathelwanayo?

Njengoba sixoxile ngaphambili, izifo ezithathelwanayo zibangelwa amagciwane . La magciwane angena kalula emzimbeni ngezindawo ezifana nemilomo yethu, impumulo, kanye nokusikeka esikhumbeni sethu. Lapho la magciwane engena emzimbeni, elimaza noma ebhubhisa amangqamuzana ethu, futhi amasosha ethu omzimba esabela kuwo, siba nezimpawu.

Lezi zifo ezithelelanayo zisakazeka kanjani?

Izifo ezithelelanayo zisakazeka ngezindlela ezahlukene. Nazi ezinye zezindlela:

• Kusukela kumuntu kuya komunye: Uma umuntu ekhwehlela noma ethimula, amagciwane angakhishwa emoyeni bese ehogelwa ngumuntu oseduze, ongangenwa yileli gciwane.
• Ngokuthintana eduze: ukuqabulana, ucansi (ngomlomo, ngendunu noma ngesitho sangasese sowesifazane).
• Ngokusebenzisa izitsha ezifanayo.
• Ezindaweni: Izibambo zeminyango, amafoni, kanye nezihlalo zamatafula kungangcoliswa ngamagciwane. Uma uzithinta bese uthinta umlomo, impumulo, noma amehlo, ungangenwa yileli gciwane.
• Ngokuthintana nendle yomuntu noma isilwane esinalesi sifo.
• Kusukela ekulunyweni yizinambuzane noma ezinye izilwane: kusukela ezilwaneni ezifana nomiyane, izimpukane, kanye namakhizane.
• Ukudla neziphuzo ezingcolile noma ezingaphekiwe kahle.
• Ukusebenza ngenhlabathi noma isihlabathi esiqukethe amagciwane (isib. ukulima ingadi).
• Kusukela kumama okhulelwe kuya enganeni yakhe engakazalwa noma enganeni esanda kuzalwa (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukudluliselwa okuqondile ).
• Kusukela ekwelashweni kwezokwelapha okufana nokunikela ngegazi kanye nokufakelwa izitho zomzimba (lokhu sekulawulwa kakhulu manje).

Cabanga nje, uma usezithuthweni zomphakathi bese othile ethimula, ungathola lawo magciwane. Noma, uma uthenga ukudla esitolo okungaphekiwe kahle, kungakunika ubuhlungu besisu. Kudingeka siqaphele kancane ngezinto ezinjengalezi.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola lezi zifo?

Noma ubani angathola isifo esithathelwanayo, kodwa abanye abantu basengozini enkulu kancane:

• Abantu abanesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka: abantu abanomdlavuza, abangenwe yi-HIV, kanye nalabo abathatha imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba.
• Omama abakhulelwe.
• Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala.
• Abantu abasebenza kwezempilo.
• Abantu abahlala noma abahambayo baya ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo.

Futhi, le ngozi iphakeme ezinganeni ezincane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala . Isizathu ukuthi amasosha omzimba azo awakakhuli ngokugcwele.

Ingabe izifo ezithelelanayo zingadala izinkinga ezinkulu?

Izifo eziningi ezithelelanayo zingelapheka kalula. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi, zingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu . Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni ( ukugcinwa kwamanzi)
• I-pneumonia ( ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu)
• I-Sepsis ( ukufa kwegazi)
• Ukuvuvukala kobuchopho kanye nomgogodla noma izembozo zazo (i-encephalitis noma i-meningitis)

Amanye amagciwane angabangela ngisho nomdlavuza ofana nomdlavuza wesibindi kanye nomdlavuza wesibeletho.

Odokotela basithola kanjani lesi sifo?

Odokotela bavame ukubheka izimpawu zakho, izivivinyo zelebhu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlolwa kwezithombe ukuze bathole ukuthi unesifo esithelelanayo. Ukuze abheke izimpawu, udokotela angenza izinto ezinjengalezi:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-swab kusuka ekhaleni noma emphinjeni.
• Ukuhlola amasampula egazi, umchamo, indle, noma amathe.
• I-biopsy ukuhlolwa okuhilela ukuthatha isampula encane yesikhumba noma ezinye izicubu.
• Ama-X-ray ezingxenye zomzimba ezithintekile, Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe ezifana ne -CT scans noma i-MRI scans (MRIs) .

Izifo ezithelelanayo zelashwa kanjani?

Ukwelashwa kuncike embangela yalesi simo . Ngezinye izikhathi, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuqapha izimpawu zakho esikhundleni sokukunikeza imithi. Izinketho zokwelapha zingafaka:

• Ama-antibiotic okutheleleka ngamagciwane.
• Imithi yokulwa namagciwane yokutheleleka ngegciwane (kodwa eminingi ingalawulwa ekhaya ngemithi ethengiswa ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela).
• Imithi yokulwa nesikhunta (kufaka phakathi ama-lotion nama-cream) yokutheleleka ngesikhunta.
• Imithi yokulwa nezifo ezibangelwa yizinambuzane.
• Ngezinye izikhathi, ngisho nokuhlinzwa kuyadingeka ukuze kwelashwe izifo ezibangelwa yisikhunta noma amagciwane.

Kodwa-ke, okwamanje akukho ukwelashwa kwezifo ze-prion.

Ngingayibona nini udokotela?

Uma unezimpawu zesifo esithathelwanayo, ikakhulukazi uma zingathuthuki ngemva kwesonto noma amabili , qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela. Uma unesifo esiqhubekayo, ukubona udokotela njalo nokufuna iseluleko kungasiza ekuvimbeleni isimo sakho ukuba singabi sibi kakhulu.

Uma uhlela ukuya phesheya, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokho futhi. Angakutshela ukuthi ungazivikela kanjani ezifweni ezivame ezweni olivakashelayo. Noma, uma usanda kuhamba futhi uhlangabezana nezimpawu, ukutshela udokotela wakho ngakho kungamsiza ukuthi anqume ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo ezengeziwe okudingeka uzenze.

Asikwazi yini ukuzivikela kulezi zifo ezithelelanayo? (Ukuvimbela)

Ayikho indlela eyodwa engakuvikela ngo-100% ezifweni ezithelelanayo. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela eziningi ezilula esingazenza ukunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka . Ungacabanga ngakho njengemodeli yeshizi yaseSwitzerland . Lokhu kwaphakanyiswa yindoda egama linguJames Reason, PhD. Cabanga ukuthi unezingcezu eziningana zeshizi ezibekwe phezu komunye nomunye. Ezinye zezingcezu zinezimbobo. Kodwa uma ubeka izingcezu eziningana ndawonye, ​​imbobo kwesinye isingcezu imbozwe esinye isingcezu. Yileyo ndlela obeka ngayo lezi zivikelo.

Nazi ezinye zezinyathelo zokuphepha ezinjalo:

• Ukuthola imijovo enconywayo: Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi yimiphi imijovo efanele wena.
• Qaphela ukuphepha kokudla: Gwema ukudla ukudla okuluhlaza noma okungaphekiwe, gcina futhi ufudumale ukudla ekushiseni okufanele, geza noma ukhiphe izithelo nemifino kahle, bese ugeza kahle izitsha ezisetshenziswa ngenkathi upheka.
• Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugeza izandla zakho ngaphambi kokulungisa ukudla, ngaphambi kokudla, ngemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, ngemva kokuthinta indle yezilwane noma yabantu, nangemva kokulima noma ukusebenza ngenhlabathi.
• Ukucabanga ngabanye:Mboza umlomo nekhala lakho uma ukhwehlela noma uthimula. Nciphisa ukuxhumana nabanye uma wena noma omunye umuntu egula. Gqoka imaski uma kufanele ube phakathi kwabanye. Ungabelani ngezinto zakho, izitsha zokudlela, noma ezinye izinto zakho siqu nabanye.
• Ukugcina izindawo nezinto ezithintwa njalo zihlanzekile: izinto ezifana namafoni, amatafula, izibambo zeminyango, namathoyizi.
• Imikhuba yocansi ephephile: Sebenzisa ikhondomu noma idamu lamazinyo uma uya ocansini.
• Zivikele ezinambuzaneni: Sebenzisa imithi yokuxosha omiyane, mboza umzimba wakho ngezingubo eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka, bese uhlola amakhizane uma uya ehlathini noma otshanini obude.

Ziyini izifo ezithelelanayo ezisanda kuvela?

Lokhu kubhekisela ezifweni ezisanda kutholakala, noma ezithinta abantu abaningi kunangaphambili. Ucwaningo olukhethekile lwenziwa ngalezo zifo.

Yiziphi izifo ezithelelanayo ezivame kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane?

Izinsana nezingane zisengozini enkulu yezifo ezithelelanayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amasosha omzimba azo asakhula . Azikwazi futhi ukulandela imikhuba yokuhlanzeka efanayo neyabantu abadala. Ezinye zezifo ezithelelanayo ezivame kakhulu ezinganeni yilezi:

• Umkhuhlane
• Isifo sesihlanu
• Isifo sezandla, izinyawo, nomlomo (HFMD)
• Umkhuhlane
• I-Pinworm
• I-RSV
• I-Ringworm
• I-Roseola (umkhuhlane onamabala abomvu esikhumbeni)
• Umphimbo obuhlungu
• Ukukhwehlela okubi (i-pertussis)

Siphila namagciwane, amabhaktheriya, isikhunta, kanye nezinambuzane nsuku zonke. Eqinisweni, kunamabhaktheriya amaningi ngokuphindwe kayishumi emzimbeni wakho kunamangqamuzana omuntu - besingeke sikwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwawo! Kodwa-ke, ezinye zalezi zidalwa ezincane emhlabeni wethu zingaba yingozi kithi.

Ngenhlanhla, kunezinto eziningi ezilula ongazenza ukuze uzigcine wena nabanye bephilile. Imikhuba elula efana nokugeza izandla zakho nokuvala umlomo wakho uma ukhwehlela noma uthimula kungasiza ekuvikeleni abathandekayo bakho nomakhelwane bakho ekuguleni okukhulu. Into encane oyenzayo ingasiza ekusindiseni impilo yomunye umuntu.

Masikhumbule izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

• Izifo ezithathelwanayo yizifo ezibangelwa amagciwane (amagciwane, amabhaktheriya, isikhunta, ama-parasite) angasakazeka kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye .
• Izifo ezahlukahlukene, kusukela kumkhuhlane ovamile kuya ezifweni ezimbi kakhulu, ziwela kulesi sigaba.
• Imikhuba emihle yokuhlanzeka (ukugeza izandla, ukumboza umlomo wakho uma ukhwehlela), ukuthola imijovo enconywayo , kanye nemikhuba yokudla ephephile kusiza kakhulu ekuvikeleni lezi zifo.
• Uma unezimpawu, ikakhulukazi uma zinzima noma zingathuthuki phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa, kungcono ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha .
• Imikhuba yethu emincane ingasinikeza isivikelo esikhulu kithi nakwabanye emphakathini.

Ngakho-ke, sonke masizame ukuhlala siphilile, sicabanga ngalezi zinto, akunjalo?

izifo ezithelelanayo, amagciwane, amagciwane, amabhaktheriya, isikhunta, amagciwane, izifo, izimpawu, ukuvimbela, ukwelashwa