Ingabe ingane yakho encane iphenduka ibe phuzi? Ake sifunde nge-jaundice esanda kuzalwa!

Wake waphawula ukuthi isikhumba somntwana wakho osanda kuzalwa sibukeka siphuzi kancane? Ngezinye izikhathi amehlo amhlophe nawo angase abukeke ephuzi. Abazali abaningi abasha bayakhathazeka kancane uma bebona lokhu. Kodwa ungakhathazeki , lokhu kuyinto evamile ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu namuhla.

Iyini i-jaundice ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa?

Kalula nje, i-jaundice iwukuba isikhumba somntwana osanda kuzalwa siphenduka siphuzi. Odokotela bakubiza lokhu ngokuthi "i-Hyperbilirubinemia." Lo mbala ophuzi ubangelwa ukwanda kwento ephuzi ebizwa ngokuthi "i-Bilirubin" egazini lomntwana.

Cabanga ngakho, i-'bilirubin' yinto ekhiqizwa lapho amangqamuzana ethu abomvu egazi ewohloka. Uma ukhulelwe, isibindi sakho sisusa le 'bilirubin' yengane yakho. Kodwa ngemva kokuzalwa kwengane, isibindi sengane kufanele senze lo msebenzi. Ngakho-ke, ngezinye izikhathi, uma isibindi sengane singakakhuli ngokugcwele, asikwazi ukususa le 'bilirubin' kahle. Ngemuva kwalokho, isikhumba sengane siba phuzi ngenxa yale 'bilirubin' eyengeziwe.

I-jaundice ivame kakhulu ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa. Esikhathini esiningi, ayibi yimbi kakhulu futhi izophela yodwa phakathi namasonto ambalwa. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuyisa ingane yakho kudokotela ukuze ihlole i-jaundice. Ngezinye izikhathi, uma i-jaundice iba yimbi kakhulu futhi ingelashwa kahle, ingabangela ukulimala kobuchopho.

Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-jaundice?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-jaundice ezingakhula ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa.

I-Jaundice yemvelo

Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-jaundice olubonakala ezinganeni. Lokhu kuvamile. Iningi lezingane liba nalesi simo zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu zizelwe. Njengoba isibindi somntwana sikhula kancane kancane, siqala ukususa i-bilirubin. Lolu hlobo lwe-jaundice aluvamile ukuba lubi kakhulu futhi luba ngcono ngokwalo zingakapheli amasonto amabili.

I-Jaundice yokuncelisa

Izingane ezinceliswa ubisi lwebele zinamathuba amaningi okuthola i-jaundice kunezingane ezinceliswa ubisi lwefomula. Lolu hlobo, olubizwa ngokuthi "i-jaundice yokuncelisa ibele", lwenzeka phakathi nesonto lokuqala lokuphila komntwana. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umntwana akatholi ubisi lwebele olwanele . Kungase kube ngenxa yokuthi umntwana akanceli kahle, noma umama akakaqali ukukhiqiza ubisi kahle. Lolu hlobo lwe-jaundice luthatha isikhathi ukuphola.

I-Jaundice yobisi lwebele

Lokhu kuhlukile kulokho okukhulunywe ngakho `(i-jaundice yokuncelisa)`. Ezinye izinto ezisobisini lwebele lukamama zingathinta isibindi somntwana ngendlela ephula i-`bilirubin`. Lokhu kungabangela nokuthi i-`bilirubin` iqongelelane. Lesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi `(i-jaundice yobisi lwebele)` singabonakala ngemva kwesonto lokuqala lokuzalwa komntwana, futhi kungathatha inyanga noma ngaphezulu ukuthi sinyamalale.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, uma umntwana enesinye isimo sezokwelapha, singadala ne-jaundice.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

Iyini i-jaundice ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa?Kuvamile kakhulu. Eqinisweni, cishe u-60% wezingane ezizalwa isikhathi esigcwele ziba ne-jaundice phakathi nesonto lokuqala lokuphila. Futhi cishe u-80% wezingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ziba ne-jaundice ngesonto lokuqala. Ngakho ungabona ukuthi lokhu kuvame kangakanani.

Ziyini izimpawu? Uzibona kanjani?

Uphawu oluyinhloko lwe-jaundice ukuba phuzi kwesikhumba somntwana . Lokhu kubonakala kakhulu endaweni enokukhanya kwemvelo, njengaphambi kwefasitela. Ngokuvamile, ubuso bomntwana buqala bube phuzi. Bese kuba mhlophe emehlweni omntwana kanye nolwelwesi lolimi . Njengoba izinga le-bilirubin landa, lokhu kuba phuzi kungasakazekela esifubeni somntwana, esiswini, ezingalweni nasemilenzeni.

Uma umbala wesikhumba somntwana wakho umnyama kancane, kungaba nzima kancane ukubona lo mbala ophuzi. Kodwa-ke, usengakwazi ukubona ukuthi ingane yakho ine-jaundice ngokubheka umbala wamehlo ayo nangaphansi kolimi lwayo.

Kungani izingane zithola i-jaundice?

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, i-jaundice iyenzeka uma kune-bilirubin eningi egazini lomntwana. I-Bilirubin iyikhemikhali ekhiqizwa lapho amangqamuzana egazi abomvu amadala ephuka emizimbeni yethu. Ngokuvamile, isibindi sethu sihlunga le bilirubin egazini bese siyisusa. Bese ikhishwa emizimbeni yethu esitofini.

Ngakho-ke, uma isibindi sengane yakho singakakhuli ngokwanele ukususa i-bilirubin, siqala ukwakheka emzimbeni. Lokhu kwakheka kwe-bilirubin yikho okubangela ukuba isikhumba sengane siphenduke siphuzi. Izingane eziningi ziba ne-jaundice ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila ngenxa yalesi sizathu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kuthatha izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuthi isibindi sengane sikhule futhi sikwazi ukususa i-bilirubin kahle.

Ngezinye izikhathi i-jaundice ingaba nzima kakhulu . Ingabangelwa yi:

• Uma ingane inegciwane legazi (i-sepsis).
• Uma uhlobo lwegazi lomntwana luhlukile kolwakho.
• Uma umntwana ezalwa kanzima futhi kukhona imihuzuko.
• Uma umntwana enamaseli egazi abomvu amaningi kakhulu.
• Uma umntwana enesifo esibizwa ngokuthi "i-hypoxia" lapho izinga lomoya-mpilo liphansi khona.
• Uma unesifo sesibindi njenge-biliary atresia.

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani lokhu ngqo?

Ngesikhathi usesibhedlela, udokotela noma umhlengikazi wengane yakho uzohlola ingane yakho ukuthi ayinazo yini izimpawu ze-jaundice. Amazinga e-bilirubin yengane yakho afinyelela phezulu phakathi kweminyaka emithathu neyisihlanu . Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela wengane yakho futhi ngalesi sikhathi.

Udokotela angabeka idivayisi encane ekhanda lomntwana ukuze athole umbono wokuthi lingakanani izinga le-bilirubin. Lokhu kuhlolwa kulinganisa izinga le-``Transcutaneous bilirubin - TcB''. Uma leli zinga liphezulu, udokotela uzoyala ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze akuqinisekise. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuthathwa isampula encane yegazi esithendeni somntwana. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi kulinganisa izinga le-``Total serum bilirubin - TSB''.

Odokotela basebenzisa ``ishadi lezinga le-jaundice yosana`` ukuze banqume ukuthi ingane idinga ukwelashwa, ngokwezindinganiso ezamukelekayo (njengalezo ezinconywe yi-American Academy of Pediatrics). Lawa mashadi asekelwe ezingeni le-``TSB`` lomntwana kanye nobudala bomntwana.

Iphathwa kanjani i-jaundice?

I-jaundice eningi esanda kuzalwa ayidingi ukwelashwa okukhethekile . I-jaundice encane ivame ukuziphelela njengoba isibindi somntwana sikhula. Lokhu kungathatha isonto noma amabili. Ukuncelisa ingane yakho njalo (izikhathi ezingu-10-12 ngosuku) kuzoyisiza ukuthi ikwazi ukuhamba amathumbu njalo. Lokhu kuzosiza ingane ukuthi isuse i-bilirubin eyengeziwe emzimbeni wayo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuncelisa ingane yakho kahle. Lokhu kusiza ekususeni i-bilirubin emzimbeni.

Kodwa-ke, uma izinga le-bilirubin yengane yakho liphezulu kakhulu noma liqhubeka likhuphuka, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukwelashwa okubizwa ngokuthi i-phototherapy. Kulokhu kwelashwa nge-phototherapy, ingane ishiywa ingagqokile futhi ibekwe ngaphansi kokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okukhethekile. Ingane igqokiswa kuphela inabukeni elincane kanye nemaski ukuvikela amehlo ayo. Lokhu kwelashwa nge-phototherapy kusiza isibindi sengane ukususa i-bilirubin eyengeziwe. Lezi zibani ngeke zilimaze ingane. Ukwelashwa nge-phototherapy kuzohlala usuku olulodwa noma ezimbili. Uma izinga le-bilirubin yengane yakho lingekho phezulu kakhulu, ungase ukwazi ukwenza lokhu kwelashwa okulula ekhaya.

Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, uma ukwelashwa nge-phototherapy kungasebenzi, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukwelashwa okubizwa ngokuthi i-exchange transfusion. Lokhu kuhilela ukususa elinye igazi lomntwana bese ulifaka elinye igazi elinikelwe.

Ingabe i-jaundice ingavinjelwa?

I-jaundice ivame kakhulu ezinsaneni ezisanda kuzalwa, futhi ezimweni eziningi, ayinakuvinjelwa ngokuphelele . Kodwa-ke, unganciphisa ingozi yokuba ingane yakho ibe ne-jaundice enzima. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokuncelisa ingane yakho njalo . Ukuncelisa njalo kusiza ingane yakho ukuba ikwazi ukuhamba amathumbu njalo, okusiza ukususa i-bilirubin emzimbeni.

• Kwabantwana abanceliswa ubisi lwebele: Ncelisa ingane yakho ibele izikhathi ezingu-8 kuya kwezingu-12 ngosuku phakathi nesonto lokuqala lokuphila.
• Kwabantwana abanceliswa ubisi lwebhodlela: Ngesonto lokuqala lokuphila komntwana, nikeza ubisi lwebhodlela elilodwa kuya kwamabili (amamililitha angu-30-60) njalo emahoreni amabili kuya kwamathathu. Qiniseka ukuthi uncelisa okungenani izikhathi ezingu-8 esikhathini samahora angu-24.

Futhi, ungakhohlwa ukuthi udokotela wakho ahlole izinga le-bilirubin yengane yakho ngaphambi kokuba ubuyele ekhaya usuka esibhedlela. Futhi, hlela isikhathi sokubonana nodokotela ukuze ahlole izinga le-bilirubin yengane yakho futhi phakathi nesonto lokuqala lokuphila.

I-jaundice ihlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Kuvamile ukuthi izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zibe nesifo se-jaundice. Ngokuvamile siqala zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu zizelwe.

• I-jaundice ezinganeni ezinceliswa ubisi lwebhodlela ivame ukuba ngcono ngokwayo zingakapheli amasonto amabili.
• Izingane ezinceliswayoI-jaundice ingahlala inyanga noma ngaphezulu.

Lolu hlobo luni lomthelela lokhu okungaba nawo enganeni? (I-Outlook)

I-jaundice ivame kakhulu ezinsaneni ezisanda kuzalwa. Iningi lezingane liba ngcono phakathi nesonto noma amabili ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuhlola izinga le-bilirubin yengane yakho . Uma amazinga e-bilirubin ekhuphuka kakhulu, uma engelashwa ngokushesha, kungaholela ezinkingeni zempilo ezinkulu. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi i-cerebral palsy, ukungezwa, ngisho nesimo sokulimala kobuchopho esibizwa ngokuthi i-kernicterus. Yingakho odokotela bekhathazekile ngakho.

Kufanele ngiyise nini ingane yami kudokotela futhi?

Kufanele ubone udokotela wengane yakho futhi ngokushesha nje lapho ubuyela ekhaya usuka esibhedlela. Izinga le-bilirubin yengane liphakama phakathi kwezinsuku ezintathu nezinhlanu ubudala, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuhlolwa phakathi naleso sikhathi. I-aphoyintimenti elandelayo izoncika eminyakeni yengane yakho lapho uphuma esibhedlela, izinga le-bilirubin ngaleso sikhathi, nezinye izici.

Yiziphi izimpawu eziphuthumayo ezidinga ucingo lukadokotela?

Uma i-jaundice yengane yakho ibonakala iba yimbi kakhulu , noma uma isikhona isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili, qiniseka ukuthi ushayela udokotela wakho ucingo. Izimpawu ze-jaundice enzima zingase zihlanganise:

• Isikhumba somntwana siba nombala ophuzi omnyama noma o-orenji .
• Ingane ilele kakhulu , futhi kunzima ukuyivusa ukuze uyiphe ukudla.
• Ingane ayihlaliseki kahle .
• Ingane ayimunyi kahle (ngobisi lwebele noma ebhodleleni).
• Ingane ayichami futhi/noma ayikhiphi indle ngokwanele .

Kunini lapho kudingeka uye khona ku-ER (Igumbi Eliphuthumayo)?

Uma ingane yakho inanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu , shayela u-911 noma uye ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo eliseduze :

• Ekhala kakhulu .
• Nginomkhuhlane .
• Ukugoba umzimba njengomnsalo (ikhanda/intamo noma izithende zigobile emuva nomzimba phambili).
• Umzimba uqinile, awunampilo, noma ulenga .

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela?

Kuvamile ukuzizwa ukhathazekile kancane lapho ingane yakho esanda kuzalwa iba ne-jaundice. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usesibhedlela noma ngemva kokufika ekhaya, ungase ube nemibuzo eminingi uma ingane yakho iba ne-jaundice. Nazi ezinye zemibuzo evamile ongayibuza udokotela wakho:

• Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi ingane yami ine-jaundice?
• Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa ye-jaundice?
• Ingabe ingane yami izodinga ukwelashwa kwe-jaundice?
• Ngingayilapha yini i-jaundice yengane yami ekhaya?
• Ingabe ukwelashwa nge-phototherapy kungalimaza ingane yami?
• Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi i-jaundice ibe ngcono?
• Kufanele sibuye nini ukuze siphinde sihlolwe?

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kungase kwesabe ukubona ingane yakho iphenduka iphuzi, kodwa khumbula, i-jaundice iyisimo esivame kakhulu ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa . Kufanele udokotela wakho ahlole amazinga e-bilirubin yengane yakho ngaphambi kokuba ubuyele ekhaya usuka esibhedlela futhi zingakapheli izinsuku ezinhlanu uzelwe. I-jaundice ngokuvamile ayibi yingozi, kodwa ingaba yingozi uma ingelashwa . Uma i-jaundice yengane yakho ingabonakali ingcono, noma uma ibonakala iba yimbi kakhulu, shayela udokotela wengane yakho ngokushesha . Angabe esehlola i-bilirubin yengane yakho futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingane yakho iphilile. Ndawonye, ​​ukunakekelwa kwakho kanye nesiqondiso sikadokotela wakho kungagcina ingane yakho iphilile!

I - jaundice yezinsana, i-bilirubin, izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa, i-jaundice, ukwelashwa nge-phototherapy, isibindi, impilo yengane