Konke okudingeka ukwazi nge-COVID-19, njengokuvela kumngane!

Sawubona! Kulezi zinsuku , i-Covid-19 (i-COVID-19) iyisihloko cishe wonke umuntu akhuluma ngaso, futhi singase sesabe kancane. Ngakho-ke ngizokutshela lezi zinto ukuze ngikusize wazi kahle ngalesi sifo futhi uqaphele ungesabi. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula nangokucacile, njengoba nje umngane wakho omkhulu angakuchazela khona.

Ake sifunde izinto eziyisisekelo mayelana ne-COVID-19.

Kuzoba lula ngawe ukuqonda uma sikhuluma kancane ngalesi sifo kusukela ekuqaleni.

Iyini i-COVID-19?

Kalula nje, i-COVID-19 yisifo esibangelwa yigciwane elithinta kakhulu uhlelo lwethu lokuphefumula. Igciwane eliyibangela libizwa ngokuthi i-SARS-CoV-2 . Ngenxa yokuthi yigciwane elisha, kwakunzima kancane kithi ukulilawula ekuqaleni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lingadala umonakalo omkhulu ezindaweni ezifana namaphaphu nomphimbo wethu.

Lokhu kusakazeka kanjani kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye?

Lesi yisifo esithelelanayo kakhulu. Cabanga nje, lapho umuntu one-COVID-19 ekhwehlela, ethimula, ekhuluma, noma ehlabelela kakhulu, amaconsi omchamo nendle akhishwa emlonyeni nasekhaleni. La maconsi angaqukatha igciwane. Uma umuntu ophilile ephefumula umoya onaleli gciwane, noma ethinta indawo noma induku yomnyango enaleli gciwane bese ethinta ikhala, umlomo, noma amehlo, ingozi yokuthola lesi sifo iphezulu. Yingakho sihlala sithi geza izandla zakho futhi ugqoke imaski yobuso.

Yiziphi izimpawu ezivamile?

Uma umuntu ethola i-COVID -19 , angase abe nezimpawu ezahlukene. Abanye bangase babe nezimpawu ezincane kakhulu, kanti abanye bangase babe nesifo esibi kakhulu. Abanye abantu bangase bangabi nazo nhlobo izimpawu. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• Umkhuhlane noma ukushisa komzimba
• Ukukhwehlela (ngokuvamile ukukhwehlela okomile, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ukukhwehlela okune-phlegm)
• Ukukhathala, umuzwa wobuthakathaka
• Umphimbo obuhlungu, umphimbo obuhlungu
• Ubuhlungu bomzimba, ubuhlungu bemisipha
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Abanye abantu balahlekelwa umuzwa wabo wokuhogela nokunambitha (lokhu kuyisibonakaliso esithile se-Covid)
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula , ukuphelelwa umoya (lokhu kuyisibonakaliso esingathi sína , uma lokhu kwenzeka, kufanele ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha)
• Abanye abantu bangase babe nezimpawu ezifana nokuphazamiseka kwesisu, uhudo kanye nokuhlanza.

Yini okudingeka siyazi ngomuthi wokugomela i-Covid-19?

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma ngokugoma, ngoba lesi ngesinye sezikhali eziyinhloko esinazo zokuzivikela kulesi sifo.

Kungani lo muthi wokugoma ubaluleke kangaka?

Umuthi wokugomela i-COVID-19 uyindlela engcono kakhulu yokusivikela ekuguleni kakhulu ngenxa yalesi sifo, okusho ukulaliswa esibhedlela, ukwamukelwa egunjini lokunakekelwa okujulile, ngisho nokufa. Cabanga ngale ndlela: umuthi wokugomela usebenza njengokuqeqeshwa kwemizimba yethu. Okusho ukuthi, amasosha ethu omzimba alungiselelwe kusengaphambili ukulwa negciwane langempela uma lingena emizimbeni yethu. Khona-ke, noma ngabe siyagula, abantu abaningi ngeke babe nezinkinga.

Ingabe umuthi wokugoma uphephile? Umbuzo abantu abaningi abawubuzayo!

Yebo, lokhu kuyinto abantu abaningi abayibuzayo futhi abayicabangayo. Ngaphambi kokuba imijovo ye-COVID-19 ikhishwe emhlabeni, badlula ocwaningweni oluningi olucophelelayo, okungukuthi, izivivinyo zemitholampilo , ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokusebenza kwayo. Lokhu kube sekuvunyelwa yizinhlangano ezifana ne-World Health Organization (WHO).

Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi wokugoma, kungaba nemiphumela emibi emincane. Isibonelo, ubuhlungu endaweni yokujova, umkhuhlane omncane, ukuzizwa ungaphilile, kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuzophela phakathi nosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili. Imiphumela emibi emibi ayivamile kakhulu. Ukuphepha kokuthola umuthi wokugoma kudlula kakhulu le miphumela emibi emincane.

Umuthi wokugomela i-Covid wezingane nawo?

Yebo, umuthi wokugomela i-COVID-19 manje usunconywa ezinganeni ezineminyaka ephakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-6 kuya kwengu-5. Kubalulekile ukuvikela izingane njengoba zingaba nezinkinga ezivela kuleli gciwane. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezinganeni ezinezinye izimo ezingamahlalakhona. Uma unemibuzo mayelana nokugomela ingane yakho, kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wezingane.

Yiziphi lezi zinhlobo ze-Covid?

Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa nge-Delta, i-Omicron. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-COVID-19 Variants. Kalula nje, amagciwane ashintsha izici zawo kancane kancane, okungukuthi, ayashintshashintsha. Njengoba nje sigqoka izingubo ngendlela ehlukile, nawo enza izinguquko ezincane. Ngalezi zinguquko, ezinye izinhlobo zingasakazeka ngokushesha kunezinye, noma zingathinta kancane ukusebenza kahle komjovo. Yingakho ososayensi behlala benaka lezi zinhlobo, futhi kudingeka kugcinwe izinyathelo zokugoma nezokuphepha.

Yini okufanele uyenze uma ingane yakho encane ithola i-COVID-19?

Kuyesabeka uma sizwa ukuthi ingane yethu encane iyagula, akunjalo? Ngakho-ke uma ucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho inezimpawu ze-COVID-19, ungesabi.

• Okokuqala, khuluma nodokotela. Kungaba ngocingo noma mathupha uma kungenzeka. Uzokutshela ukuthi wenzeni ngokulandelayo. Bangase futhi bakucele ukuthi uhlolwe .
• Hlukanisa ingane kwabanye. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwalesi sifo kwabanye ekhaya, ikakhulukazi asebekhulile nalabo abanezinye izifo.
• Nikeza amanzi amaningi kanye noketshezi (njengephalishi, isobho, ujusi wezithelo) ukuze uphuze. Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kufanele kuvinjelwe uma umzimba unomkhuhlane.
• Myeke aphumule kahle. Yeka ukudlala, ukugijima, nokugxuma izinsuku ezimbalwa.
• Ukuze wehlise umkhuhlane, nikeza okuthile okufana ne-Paracetamol, njengoba kuyalelwe udokotela wakho, ngesilinganiso esinqunyiwe nangesikhathi esinqunyiwe.
• Uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu ezinkulu, njengobunzima bokuphefumula, ubuhlungu besifuba, izindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, noma ingane ifile kakhulu, kufanele uyiyise esibhedlela ngokushesha.

Yini okufanele siyenze ukuze sihlale siphephile ku-COVID-19? (Izinyathelo Zokuqapha)

Akungcono yini ukuvimbela ukugula kunokuhlushwa yiko? Ngakho ake sibone ukuthi yini esingayenza.

Masisebenzise imaski ngendlela efanele.

Ukugqoka imaski kungenye yezindlela ezilula nezibaluleke kakhulu zokuzivikela wena nabanye. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugqoka imaski uma uya ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi (njengasebhasini, esitimeleni, noma esitolo) nalapho usebenzisa izinto zokuhamba zomphakathi. Kufanele imboze impumulo yakho nomlomo. Uma kukhulunywa ngokugqoka imaski yezingane ezincane, kungcono ukubonana nodokotela ngokusekelwe eminyakeni yazo. Ngokuvamile imaski ayinconywa ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala, njengoba zingase zibe nobunzima bokuphefumula.

Ungakhohlwa ukugeza izandla zakho nokugcina ibanga lakho!

Lokhu kuyinto esiza ekuvikeleni hhayi kuphela ku-COVID-19, kodwa nakwezinye izifo eziningi.

• Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi okungenani imizuzwana engama-20. Hlanza izintende zezandla zakho, umhlane wezandla zakho, phakathi kweminwe yakho nangaphansi kwezinzipho zakho.
• Uma insipho inzima ukuyithola uma uphuma, sebenzisa isihlanzi sezandla esiqukethe okungenani u-60% wotshwala .
• Gcina ibanga okungenani imitha elilodwa ukusuka kwabanye abantu (Ukuqhelelana Nabantu) ngangokunokwenzeka. Ikakhulukazi hlala kude nabantu abakhwehlela noma abanesifo somkhuhlane.

Uvikela kanjani ingane encane?

Njengoba izingane ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala zingenakunikezwa umuthi wokugomela i-COVID-19, kungumthwalo wethu wemfanelo ukuzivikela.

• Nciphisa inani labantu abeza ukuzobona umntwana, ikakhulukazi phakathi nalesi sifo esiwubhubhane.
• Labo abazofika kumele babe bephilile futhi, uma kungenzeka, bathathe umuthi wokugomela i-COVID-19.
• Wonke umuntu kufanele ahlanze izandla zakhe kahle noma asebenzise i-sanitizer yezandla ngaphambi kokuthinta umntwana.
• Thatha ingane yakho uye ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi ngangokunokwenzeka.

Imibuzo mayelana ne-COVID-19 ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa

Uma umama okhulelwe ethola i-COVID-19, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi abe nezinkinga futhi agule kakhulu kunabantu abaningi. Ngakho-ke, kufanele kuthathwe ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ukuze azivikele ku-COVID-19 ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe bangathola nomjovo we-COVID-19, ophephile futhi onconywayo. Uvikela umama kanye nomntwana osesiswini. Uma uthola umjovo, umntwana uthola nama-antibodies akhiqizwa ngumama. Uma uneminye imibuzo mayelana nalokhu, khuluma nodokotela wakho wezifo zabesifazane ovakashelayo (i-VOG).

Ngingamncelisa yini umntwana wami uma ngine-COVID-19?

Lokhu kuyinto ebuzwa omama abaningi. Yebo, noma ngabe une-COVID-19, usengancelisa ingane yakho, uma nje ulandela izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele. Ukuncelisa akusiyona nje kuphela indlela yokudla engcono kakhulu yengane yakho, kodwa futhi kuqinisa amasosha omzimba wengane yakho. Abukho ubufakazi bokuthi igciwane lidluliselwa ngobisi lwebele.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu yile:

• Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho ngaphambi kokuncelisa ingane yakho.
• Ukugqoka imaski ngendlela efanele ngesikhathi uncelisa.
• Uma kungenzeka, gcina igumbi lomntwana linomoya omuhle (amafasitela evuliwe).

Ukwelashwa nokuhlolwa kwe-COVID-19

Ake sifunde ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma ugula nokuthi hlobo luni lokuhlolwa olutholakalayo.

Mayelana nokwenza isivivinyo se-COVID-19

Uma unezimpawu ze-COVID-19, noma uke waxhumana eduze nomuntu one-COVID-19, kubalulekile ukuthi uhlolwe. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokuhlolwa, eziyinhloko yilezi:

1. Ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction): Lolu ukuhlolwa okunembe kakhulu, "izinga legolide." Kubheka izakhi zofuzo zegciwane. Isampula ithathwa ekhaleni noma emphinjeni. Ngokuvamile kungathatha amahora ambalwa kuya osukwini olulodwa noma amabili ukuthi imiphumela ibuye.

2. Ukuhlolwa Okusheshayo Kwe-Antigen (RAT): Lokhu kunganikeza imiphumela ngokushesha, kungakapheli imizuzu eyi-15-30. Lokhu kudinga futhi i-nasal swab. Kodwa-ke, akuzweli njenge-PCR. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi isifo singatholakala ngisho noma singekho (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-false negative). Lokhu kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kutholakale lesi sifo ezinsukwini zokuqala zezimpawu.

Iyini le test ye-antibody?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-antibody kuhlola ukuthi uke waba ne-COVID-19 ngaphambilini futhi wakha ama-antibodies ngokumelene nayo, noma ukuthi uke wakha ama-antibodies ngenxa yomjovo. Lokhu akukutsheli ngokuqinisekile ukuthi unesifo okwamanje. Kuzodingeka wenze ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR noma kwe-antigen ngalokho.

Yikuphi ukuhlolwa kwe-COVID-19 okungcono kakhulu?

Kuya ngesimo sakho nezidingo zakho.

• Uma unezimpawu, kungcono ukuthola isivivinyo se-PCR .
• Uma ufuna umphumela osheshayo, ungasebenzisa i-RAT . Kodwa-ke, uma i-RAT ibuya ingenayo imiphumela emihle kodwa izimpawu ziqhubeka, noma useqenjini elisengozini enkulu, kungcono ukwenza i-PCR.
• Uma ufuna nje ukwazi, ngaphandle kwezimpawu,Ngisho ne-RAT ingakwanela.

Kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu bese ucela iseluleko sakhe.

Isimo sokuvuvukala kwezinhlelo eziningi ezinganeni (MIS-C) kanye ne-COVID-19

Lesi yisimo esibi kakhulu, kodwa esingavamile , esingase senzeke ezinganeni. Emasontweni ambalwa ngemva kokuthola i-COVID-19 (ngezinye izikhathi ngaphandle kwezimpawu), ezinye izingane zingase zibe nokuvuvukala, okusho ukuvuvukala nokubomvu, ezimisweni ezahlukene zomzimba (isb., enhliziyweni, emaphashini, ezinso, ebuchosheni, esikhumbeni, emehlweni, ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla). Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-MIS-C (Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children) .

Uma ingane yakho inezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, izinhlungu zomzimba, amehlo abomvu, izindebe eziqhekekile nezibomvu, isisu esibuhlungu, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, ukukhathala okukhulu, kanye nokuvuvukala kwama-lymph node entanyeni, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Uma lokhu kuqashelwa futhi kwelashwa ngokushesha, kungelapheka ngokuphelele.

Ngingathola yini imithi yokugoma eminingi ngesikhathi esisodwa?

Yebo, ezimweni eziningi, kulungile ukuthola umuthi wokugomela i-COVID-19, umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane, kanye nomuthi wokugomela i-RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus), abanye abantu abangase bawudinge (ikakhulukazi izingane ezincane kanye nabantu asebekhulile), ngosuku olufanayo noma eduze. Kungcono ukuxoxa ngalokhu nodokotela wakho.

Ingabe lokhu umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, i-RSV, noma i-Covid?

Lona ngumbuzo odidayo kancane. Ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu zazo zonke lezi zifo ezine zifana kakhulu, kunzima ukusho ukuthi yisiphi ngempela esisekelwe ezimpawini zodwa. Umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, ubuhlungu bomzimba, umphimbo obuhlungu, kanye nekhala eligobhozayo konke kungavela ndawonye.

• Umkhuhlane ovamile awubi mkhulu kangako, futhi umkhuhlane awuvamile ukwenzeka.
• Umkhuhlane ungaqala ngokuzumayo, okubangela ubuhlungu bomzimba nokukhathala okukhulu.
• I-RSV ingaba nzima ezinganeni ezincane nakubantu asebekhulile, futhi izimpawu zingafaka phakathi umkhuhlane.
• I-COVID-19 ingabangela izimpawu ezifana nokulahlekelwa yiphunga nokunambitha.

Ngakho-ke, uma ungabaza, kungcono ukubona udokotela bese uhlolwa uma kudingeka, ikakhulukazi uma useqenjini elisengozini noma uma kukhona abantu oxhumana nabo abasengozini.

Ungabhekana kanjani ne-COVID-19 ekhaya nasesikoleni?

Manje sekufanele sijwayele ukuphila nalesi sifo.

Ungazinakekela kanjani uma uthola i-COVID-19 ekhaya (Ukunakekelwa Kwasekhaya)

Uma othile emndenini ethola i-COVID-19, abanye kudingeka bavikelwe ngenkathi bemnakekela.

• Gcina isiguli ekamelweni elihlukile. Uma kungenzeka, sivumele sisebenzise indlu yangasese ehlukile.
• Gcina igumbi linomoya omuhle. Gcina amafasitela evulekile.
• Nobabili kufanele nigqoke izifihla-buso lapho nikhuluma nesiguli nalapho nisipha ukudla.
• Geza izitsha zesiguli, izinto zokusila, izingubo, kanye nezinto zokulala ngokwehlukana, usebenzisa amanzi ashisayo (uma kungenzeka) kanye nensipho.
• Hlanza izindawo ezivame ukuthintwa (izibambo zeminyango, amatafula, izihlalo, amaswishi okukhanyisa) ngoketshezi lokubulala amagciwane nsuku zonke.
• Nikeza isiguli ukuphumula okwanele kanye noketshezi lokuphuza.

Kuyini Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nokuhlukaniswa?

Sizwa la magama amabili ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kalula nje:

• Ukuzihlukanisa: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umuntu one-COVID-19 (onezimpawu noma ongenazo) ehlukaniswe ngokuphelele nabanye. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuvimba ukusabalala kwesifo kwabanye. Ngokuvamile, kufanele uzihlukanise izinsuku ezimbalwa (ngokwemiyalelo) kusukela ngosuku izimpawu zakho eziqala ngalo.
• Ukuvalelwa: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umuntu obekade esondelene nomuntu one-COVID-19, kodwa engakabonisi izimpawu, ehlukaniswa nabanye ngesikhathi sokutheleleka ukuze kubonakale ukuthi baqala yini ukuba nezimpawu. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuvimbela ukuthi bangasabalalisi lesi sifo kwabanye bengazi uma nabo benaso lesi sifo.

Ungathola iseluleko sakamuva ngalezi zikhathi ezinqunyelwe nokuthi yini okufanele uyilandele eziphathimandleni zezempilo zasendaweni yakho (isib., amawebhusayithi e-CDC, e-WHO, noma ehhovisi lomnyango wezempilo lendawo).

Indlela yokuzihlukanisa ekhaya?

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla esigabeni esithi 'Indlela Yokuzinakekela Uma Uthola I-COVID-19 Ekhaya'.

• Sebenzisa ikamelo elihlukile , futhi uma kungenzeka, indlu yokugezela ehlukile.
• Ungabi nobuhlobo obuseduze nabanye abantu endlini.
• Batshele ukuthi bashiye ukudla neziphuzo eduze komnyango wekamelo.
• Gqoka imaski , ikakhulukazi uma kufanele uphume ekamelweni (isib. ukuya endlini yangasese).
• Naka izimpawu zakho. Uma isimo sakho siba sibi kakhulu (njengobunzima bokuphefumula), funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ukulandela lezi zinto ngendlela efanele kuzosiza kakhulu ekuvikeleni wonke umndeni wakho.

Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izinto okudingeka sizikhumbule kukho konke lokhu?

I-COVID-19 yinto ethinte impilo yethu yonke ngezinga elithile. Kodwa uma sinolwazi olufanele ngayo futhi silandela izinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo, singabhekana ngempumelelo nalesi simo. Asikho isidingo sokwesaba, kodwa kudingeka siqaphele.

• Thola umuthi wokugoma bese uthola umthamo wokuqinisa ngesikhathi. Leyo yindlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela ekuguleni kakhulu.
• Qhubeka ulandela imikhuba yezempilo eyisisekelo: gqoka imaski (ikakhulukazi emphakathini nangaphakathi endlini), geza izandla zakho njalo, futhi ugcine ibanga lakho kwabanye abantu (noma nini lapho kungenzeka).
• Uma uzizwa ugula, hlala ekhaya. Ungayisabalalisi kwabanye. Uma unezimpawu, ungesabi futhi ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha. Hlola uma kudingeka.
• Yamukela ulwazi oluthembekile kuphela. Qaphela okushiwo odokotela neziphathimandla zezempilo (isib., i-World Health Organization - WHO, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - CDC, umnyango wezempilo wendawo). Ungakholwa yikho konke okubonayo ezinkundleni zokuxhumana.
• Awuwedwa.Lokhu kuyinselele kithi sonke. Masidlule kulesi sikhathi ngokusekelwa, ukuqonda, kanye nempilo yengqondo.

Ungakhohlwa, ukuqaphela kwakho kanye nokuziphatha kwakho okunesibopho ngeke kuvikele wena kuphela, kodwa nabathandekayo bakho kanye nomphakathi wonke!

Uma uneminye imibuzo, ungangabazi ukubuza udokotela womndeni wakho noma isikhulu sezempilo sendawo. Bazokusiza. Hlala uphilile!

I- Covid-19, i-COVID-19, igciwane le-Corona, Umuthi Wokugoma, Izimpawu, Ukuphepha, Izingane, Ukukhulelwa, Ukuhlolwa, Ukuvalelwa Kodwa, Ukuhlukaniswa, I-MIS-C, Izinhlobo