Ake sifunde kabanzi nge-HIV ne-AIDS. (HIV ne-AIDS) Ungesabi, ake sixoxe!

Cishe uke wezwa nge -HIV ne-AIDS. Mhlawumbe uyesaba kancane. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuba nolwazi oluphelele ngalokhu. Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngakho kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda. Ngoba ukwazi ngalezi zinto kubaluleke kakhulu kuwe nakubathandekayo bakho.

Iyini i-HIV? Iyini i-AIDS? Masiyiqonde kalula!

Kulungile, ake siqale sibheke ukuthi iyini i-HIV. I-HIV (i-Human Immunodeficiency Virus) igciwane elihlasela amasosha omzimba emzimbeni wethu. Njengebutho elivikela izwe lethu, amasosha omzimba wethu nawo anjalo. Lolu hlelo yilona olusivikela ezifweni. Igciwane le-HIV lihlasela ngqo lolu hlelo lokuzivikela.

Manje ake sibheke ukuthi iyini i-AIDS. I-AIDS (i-Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) yisigaba sokugcina nesinzima kakhulu sokutheleleka nge-HIV. I-AIDS yenzeka lapho igciwane le-HIV lilimaze amasosha omzimba isikhathi eside futhi libuthakathaka kakhulu.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi okwamanje ayikho ikhambi le-HIV/AIDS. Kodwa-ke, ngemithi yamanje ('imithi'), umuntu onegciwane le-HIV angaphila impilo ende nenempilo. Ngakho-ke, ukutholakala kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okufanele kubaluleke kakhulu.

Kwenzekani ngempela uma i-HIV ingena emzimbeni?

Cabanga nje ukuthi amasosha ethu omzimba aneqembu elikhethekile lamasosha. Abizwa ngokuthi amaseli e-'CD4' . Abanye abantu bawabiza nangokuthi amaseli e-'T' . Lawa maseli e-'CD4' yiwo alwa namagciwane kanye nokutheleleka okungena emizimbeni yethu, futhi asiza nasekuvimbeleni ukuvela kwezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza.

Igciwane le-HIV liyiqili kakhulu. Liya ngqo ukuhlasela la maseli e-'CD4' abaluleke kakhulu amabutho ethu okuzivikela. Igciwane lingena kula maseli, liwalawule, futhi lenze izinkulungwane zamakhophi alo. Bese libhubhisa lelo seli le-'CD4', bese amagciwane asanda kwakheka eqhubeka nokuhlasela amanye amaseli e-'CD4' anempilo. Yileyo ndlela igciwane le-HIV elisakazeka ngayo emizimbeni yethu.

Kwenzekani uma kwenzeka i-AIDS?

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, igciwane lesandulela ngculaza libhubhisa kancane kancane inani elikhulu lamaseli e-‘CD4’. Khona-ke amasosha ethu omzimba aba buthakathaka kakhulu. Kufana nezwe elingenabutho. Lesi yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-AIDS.

Uma sifika esigabeni se-AIDS, ikhono lomzimba lokulwa nezifo liyancipha kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, ngisho nezifo ezincane ezivame ukungasithinti kakhulu zingaba zimbi kakhulu. Ukutheleleka okuhlukahlukene okukhulu nezinkinga zempilo ziqala ukuvela.

Ziyini izimpawu zokutheleleka nge-HIV? Ingabe ziyafana kuwo wonke umuntu?

Izimpawu zokutheleleka nge -HIV azifani kuwo wonke umuntu. Ziyahlukahluka kuye ngesigaba sokutheleleka.

Isigaba sokuqala: Ukutheleleka nge-HIV okunamandla

Lesi yisikhathi sokuqala umuntu etheleleka ngaleli gciwane.

• Izimpawu zivame ukuqala phakathi kwamasonto amabili kuya kwamane ngemva kokungena kwegciwane emzimbeni.
• Lezi zimpawu zingahlala kusukela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya emavikini ambalwa.
• Yiziphi lezi zimpawu?
• Imfiva
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Ubuhlungu bomzimba ( ubuhlungu bemisipha )
• Izindlala ezivuvukile (izindlala ezivuvukile)
• Ukuqhuma kwesikhumba
• Kodwa abanye abantu baba nezimpawu ezincane kakhulu , noma bangabi nazo nhlobo izimpawu. Ngakho kungaba nzima ukubona ukuthi une-HIV kulesi sigaba.

Isigaba esilandelayo: Ukutheleleka nge-HIV okungapheli

Kuleli qophelo, umuntu angase angabi nazimpawu nhlobo, noma abe nezimpawu ezincane kakhulu .

• Umuntu angahlala engenazo izimpawu iminyaka emi-5 noma eyi-10 , kodwa igciwane liyaqhubeka nokubhubhisa amaseli e-CD4 emzimbeni.
• Abanye abantu bangathuthuka ngokushesha besuka kulesi sigaba baye esigabeni esilandelayo esibi kakhulu, okuyi -AIDS .

Icala elibi kakhulu: i-AIDS

Lesi yisigaba esibi kakhulu nesokugcina sokutheleleka nge-HIV. Ngalesi sikhathi, amasosha omzimba asuke ebuthaka kakhulu.

• Ukuba mncane kakhulu (ukwehlisa isisindo ngokushesha kakhulu - ' ukwehlisa isisindo ngokushesha kakhulu').
• Umkhuhlane ovamile.
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu .
• Ama-lymph node ayaqhubeka nokuvuvukala.
• Ukutheleleka okukhulu kwamaphaphu kungavela, okubizwa ngokuthi 'i-Pneumocystis pneumonia' .
• Indle ekhululekile eqhubekayo (uhudo).
• Izilonda zikhula emlonyeni, endunu, nasemaphethelweni ezitho zangasese.
• Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza zingavela.
• Kungase kube nezinkinga zesikhumba ezahlukahlukene (isib. i-eczema, ukuqubuka).

I-HIV idluliselwa kanjani isuka komunye umuntu iye komunye? Ake sithole lokhu ngqo!

I-HIV idluliselwa ngoketshezi lomzimba oluvela kumuntu onegciwane olungena emzimbeni womuntu ophilile. Lokhu ketshezi ngokuyinhloko:

• Igazi
• Isidoda (`isidoda`)
• Uketshezi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane
• Ubisi lwebele

Nazi izindlela ezivame kakhulu zokudlulisela i-HIV:

• Ukusuka ocansini olungavikelekile: Ikakhulukazi uma ikhondomu ingasetshenziswa ngesikhathi socansi lwendunu kanye nocansi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane.
• Ngokwabelana ngezinaliti:Lapho abantu abaningana besebenzisa inalithi efanayo lapho bejova izidakamizwa noma bedweba ama-tattoo.
• Abantu abafana nabasebenzi bezempilo bangase babe sengozini yokuhlatshwa yinaliti engcoliswe igazi elinegciwane .
• Umama kuya enganeni: I-HIV ingadluliselwa kusuka kumama onegciwane le-HIV iye enganeni yakhe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukubeletha, noma ukuncelisa. Kodwa-ke, manje kunezindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo zokuvimbela lokhu.

Yiziphi izindlela zokugwema ukuthola i-HIV? Funda ngalokhu ngokucacile!

Abantu abaningi banemibono eyiphutha mayelana nendlela i-HIV edluliselwa ngayo. Lokhu kudala ukwesaba okungadingekile. I-HIV ayinakudluliselwa ngalezi zinto:

• Umchamo (`umchamo`), indle (`indle`), ukukhafula (`amathe`), ukuhlanza (`ukuhlanza`), ukujuluka (ngaphandle kokuthi kuxutshwe negazi).
• Kusukela ekukhwehleleni nasekuthimuleni.
• Ngokubambana ngezandla, ngokumanga.
• Ngokudla esitsheni esifanayo, ngokusebenzisa ingilazi yamanzi efanayo.
• Kusukela ezilwaneni ezifana nomiyane.

Okubalulekile: I-HIV ayinakudluliselwa ngokuhlala, ukusebenza, noma ukusebenzisana nomuntu one-HIV. Ngakho-ke, asikho isizathu sokubandlulula noma sokubandlulula abantu abane-HIV.

Wazi kanjani ukuthi une-HIV?

Ukuphela kwendlela yokwazi ukuthi une-HIV yini ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Ungenza lokhu kuhlolwa ngokubona udokotela.

• Uma ukuhlolwa kuqinisekisa ukuthi igciwane le-HIV likhona emzimbeni, lowo muntu kuthiwa "une-HIV" .
• Manje sekukhona ukuhlolwa kwasekhaya okutholakala emakhemisi ngaphandle kwencwadi kadokotela. Kodwa-ke, uma ukuhlolwa kwasekhaya kubuya kuqinisekile, kufanele nakanjani uye esibhedlela ukuze uthole ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe futhi uthole iseluleko sezokwelapha.

Umphatha kanjani umuntu one-HIV? Ungakhathazeki, kukhona ukwelashwa okuhle manje!

Abantu abaningi abanegciwane lesandulela ngculazi manje sebengaphila impilo ejwayelekile nenempilo besebenzisa imithi ebizwa ngokuthi `Ama-Antiretroviral` . Le mithi ibizwa nangokuthi `ama-ART` (Ukwelashwa Nge-Antiretroviral).

• Le mithi isebenza ngokunciphisa inani legciwane le-HIV emzimbeni (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'umthwalo wegciwane' ). Lapho inani legciwane lehla, amaseli 'e-CD4' abhujisiwe aqala ukukhula futhi, okusho ukuthi inani lamaseli 'e-CD4' liyakhula.
• Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa ukunciphisa inani legciwane emzimbeni kuze kube yilapho lingenakutholakala khona ekuhlolweni kwegazi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi izinga legciwane "elingabonakali" . Ukuze ufike kuleli zinga , udinga ukuthatha umuthi nsuku zonke okungenani izinyanga ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha.
• Uma uqhubeka nokuphuza umuthi njengoba nje kuqondiswe, ungagcina umthamo wegciwane kuleli zinga 'elingabonakali'. Kodwa-ke, uma uyeka ukuthatha umuthi, umthwalo wegciwane uzokhula ngokushesha futhi.Ngakho-ke, akuwona umqondo omuhle ukuyeka ukuthatha imithi kuze kube yilapho udokotela wakho ekuyala ukuba uyeke.

Khumbula, kukhona ikhambi le-HIV! Ngakho-ke ukutholakala kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kusenesikhathi kukunika ithuba elingcono lokuphila impilo enempilo nende.

Yini okufanele siyenze ukuze sizivikele kwi-HIV?

Ukuze sizivikele kwi-HIV, sonke sidinga ukuqaphela lezi zinto. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufundisa izingane zethu kanye nentsha ngalokhu.

• Ungalokothi usebenzise izinaliti ezisetshenziswe abanye nganoma yisiphi isizathu. Sebenzisa imishini emisha kuphela, ehlanziwe ngamagciwane lapho ujova izidakamizwa, udweba ama-tattoo, noma ubhoboza izindlebe.
• Ungabelani nabanye abantu ngezinto zakho siqu ezingase zithintane negazi, njengezinsingo kanye namabhulashi amazinyo .
• Ungathinti igazi lomunye umuntu (isib. igazi elivela esilondeni). Uma kudingeka, gqoka amagilavu.
• Uma uhlanganyela ocansini, qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa ikhondomu ye-latex ngendlela efanele njalo lapho uhlangana ngokocansi (ngesitho sangasese sowesifazane, ngomlomo, noma ngokwemvelo). Lena yindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela ukusabalala kwe-HIV ngokocansi.

Yini okufanele umuntu one-HIV ayenze ukuze avimbele ukusabalala kwayo kwabanye?

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi umuntu ophila negciwane lesandulela ngculazi aziphathe ngendlela efanele. Nazi ezinye zezinto angazenza:

• Thatha umuthi 'we-Antiretroviral' onikezwe yithimba lezokwelapha ngqo, ngesikhathi, kanye nomthamo onikezwe. Lokhu ngeke kuthuthukise impilo yakho kuphela, kodwa futhi kuzonciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokutheleleka kwabanye.
• Ungabelani ngezinaliti zakho ezisetshenzisiwe nabanye abantu nganoma yisiphi isizathu.
• Ungabelani ngezinto zakho siqu ezingase zingcoliswe yigazi, njengezinsingo kanye namabhulashi amazinyo, nabanye abantu.
• Uma unenxeba noma usikekile emzimbeni wakho, limboze kahle ngebhandeji.
• Uma usebenza ocansini:
• Khuluma ngokwethembeka nabalingani bakho bocansi ngesimo sakho se-HIV. Bakhuthaze ukuthi nabo bahlolelwe i-HIV.
• Kukhona umuthi okhethekile ongawuthatha nsuku zonke ukuze unciphise ingozi yokuthi umlingani wakho athole i-HIV. Ubizwa ngokuthi i-`PrEP` (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis) . Ungathola okwengeziwe ngalokhu ngokukhuluma nodokotela.

Khumbula lokhu: Uma uthatha ama-antiretroviral ngendlela efanele futhi une-viral load engabonakali, cishe ngeke ukwazi ukudlulisela i-HIV komunye umuntu ngocansi. Lona umyalezo obaluleke kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kungase kube nethuba elincane kakhulu lokuthi lingasakazeka ngezinye izindlela, njengokuncelisa noma ukwabelana ngezinaliti.

Yini enye okudingeka siyazi ngalokhu?

I-HIV akuyona into okufanele yesatshwe, kodwa yisimo esidinga ukuphathwa kahle.

• Uma uphuza imithi yakho ngendlela efanele futhi ulandela ukunakekelwa kwakho okuvamile kwezokwelapha,Abantu abane-HIV bangaphila impilo ende, enempilo, nejabulisayo njenganoma ubani omunye.
• Ukuthola ukuthi ingane yakho ine-HIV noma i-AIDS kungaba yinto eshaqisayo. Kodwa-ke, kunezinto eziningi ongazenza ukusiza ingane yakho:
• Qiniseka ukuthi uyayiyisa ingane yakho kudokotela ngezinsuku ezihleliwe.
• Nikeza ingane yakho yonke imithi oyinikezwe udokotela wakho ngesikhathi esifanele, nangendlela oyinikezwe ngayo.
• Qiniseka ukuthi wenza konke ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulandelayo ngesikhathi.
• Chazela ingane yakho ngendlela yokuthi iqonde ukuthi iyini i-HIV/AIDS, idluliselwa kanjani, nokuthi ayidluliselwa kanjani. Phendula noma yimiphi imibuzo engase ibe nayo.
• Siza ingane yakho ukuthi ihlale imatasa ngokomzimba, ilale ngokwanele, futhi idle ukudla okunomsoco .
• Khumbula, awuwedwa. Ithimba lokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha lengane yakho likhona ukukusiza wena nengane yakho. Bazokusiza ukuthi uthole ukunakekelwa okungcono kakhulu kwengane yakho, kanye nokusekela ngokomzwelo wena nomndeni wakho wonke.

## Ake sikhumbule izinto esakhuluma ngazo kanye kanye (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, sikhulume kakhulu nge-HIV ne-AIDS namuhla, akunjalo? Ngamafuphi:

• Igciwane lesandulela ngculaza lihlasela amasosha omzimba. Ingculaza uhlobo lwayo olubi kakhulu.
• I-HIV idluliselwa ikakhulukazi ngocansi olungavikelekile, ukwabelana ngezinaliti ezinegciwane, kanye nokudluliselwa kwegciwane kusuka kumama kuya enganeni .
• I-HIV ayidluliselwa ngokuxhumana okuvamile, ukwabelana ngokudla neziphuzo, noma ngomiyane.
• Udinga ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze uthole i-HIV.
• Ngokwelashwa kwamanje kwe-antiretroviral, abantu abaphila ne-HIV bangaphila impilo enempilo nende. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuphuza imithi ngendlela efanele nangokungaguquguquki.
• Uma umthamo wegciwane wehliswa ube sezingeni "elingabonakali", ingozi yokudlulisela i-HIV ngocansi cishe ayisekho.
• Ukuze uzivikele kwi-HIV, izinto ezifana nokusebenzisa amakhondomu nokungabelani ngezinaliti zibaluleke kakhulu.
• Nikeza uthando, umusa, kanye nokusekela labo abaphila ne-HIV. Ungababeki eceleni.

Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngalokhu, ungavakashela amawebhusayithi afana ne-HIVinfo.NIH.gov kanye ne -CDC (Izikhungo Zokulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo) . Futhi, ungathola izeluleko nezinsizakalo ezifanele mayelana nalokhu emitholampilo yezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (`ama-STD clinics`) ezibhedlela zikahulumeni eSri Lanka.

Ungesabi, uma ungabaza, hamba uyohlolwa. Yiba nolwazi. Hlala uphilile!

I - HIV, i-AIDS, i-HIV, i-AIDS, ukwelashwa, izimpawu, ukudluliswa