Ingabe unomdlavuza emhlathini wakho? (Umdlavuza Wemihlathi) Ungesabi, ake sixoxe ngalokhu!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi ungayithola yini umdlavuza wemihlathi? Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wabona ukuvuvukala okuncane noma isilonda esingeke siphole emlonyeni wakho noma emhlathini wakho futhi wazizwa wesaba kancane. Umdlavuza wemihlathi empeleni uyisimo esingavamile, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela. Ngoba, uma utholakala kusenesikhathi, kunethuba elihle lokuthi lesi simo singelashwa ngempumelelo. Ngakho-ke, ake sixoxe ngomdlavuza wemihlathi ngokuningiliziwe namuhla, akunjalo?

Uyini Umdlavuza Wemihlathi?

Kalula nje, umdlavuza womhlathi uhlobo lomdlavuza olungavamile kakhulu oluvela emlonyeni. Uma odokotela bethola umdlavuza emhlathini wakho, uvame ukuqala kwenye indawo emlonyeni wakho. Isibonelo, ungase uqale kwenye indawo olimini lwakho, ezindlaleni zamathe, noma olwelwesini, bese usakazekela emhlathini wakho.

Kodwa-ke, akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi izimila ezinobungozi ziqale ngaphakathi komhlathi wakho. Noma ziqale ezicutshini ezenza amazinyo (`(izicubu ezingabonakali)`). Lezi zimila ezinobungozi azifani nezimila ezivamile ezinobungozi ozibonayo. Zingasakazeka ngaphandle komlomo wakho ziye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho.

Yingakho kubalulekile ukubona udokotela ngokushesha okukhulu uma ucabanga ukuthi unezimpawu zomdlavuza womhlathi. Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza zingelapheka ngokuphelele uma zitholakala kusenesikhathi futhi zisuswe ngokuhlinzwa.

Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo zomdlavuza wemihlathi?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza womlomo. Zibizwa ngokuthi ama-carcinoma, ama-sarcoma, kanye nama-carcinosarcoma. Lawa magama abhekisela ohlotsheni lwezicubu lapho amangqamuzana omdlavuza aqala khona. Iningi lomdlavuza womlomo, okuhlanganisa nalawo athinta umhlathi, luwuhlobo olubizwa ngokuthi ama-squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Lawa ma-SCC aqala ezicutshini ezimboze ubuso bomzimba, okuhlanganisa nomlomo. Abalelwa ku-90% womdlavuza womlomo.

Nazi ezinye zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza wemihlathi:

• I-Ameloblastic Carcinoma: Lokhu kuvela ezicutshini ezakha i-enamel yamazinyo akho. Ngokuvamile kuvela emhlathini ongezansi, eduze kwamazinyo angemuva. Kungavela kodwa, noma kungavamile, kungakhula kube yi-ameloblastoma engeyinhle eba umdlavuza.
• I-Clear Cell Odontogenic Carcinoma: Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka emhlathini ongezansi. Igama layo livela endleleni amangqamuzana ayo abukeka ngayo ngaphansi kwe-microscope.
• I-Ghost Cell Odontogenic Carcinoma: Lolu uhlobo lomdlavuza olungavamile kakhulu. Kuye kwabikwa amacala angu-50 kuphela ocwaningweni lwezokwelapha. Lungenzeka lodwa, noma lungavela ku-cyst emhlathini ephenduka i-calcifer bese iba umdlavuza.
• I-Osteosarcoma: Lokhu kuvela emathanjeni ngokwawo. I-Osteosarcoma ivame ukuvela emathanjeni amade njengethambo lesinqe. Akuvamile ukuqala ethanjeni lomhlathi.
• I-Carcinoma Eyinhloko Engaphakathi Kwethambo: Lokhu kuvame ukuvela ngemuva komhlathi ongezansi. Kungavela kodwa noma ngenxa yokukhula okungenawo umdlavuza okuba umdlavuza. Nakuba kuvelela ethanjeni lomhlathi, kwakhiwe izinhlobo ezifanayo zamaseli njenge-carcinoma.
• I-Sclerosing Odontogenic Carcinoma: Lokhu nakho akuvamile kakhulu. Kuye kwabikwa amacala ayi-15 kuphela ocwaningweni lwezokwelapha.

Manje ungase ucabange ukuthi la magama ayinkimbinkimbi kancane. Yiqiniso, lawa amagama akhethekile asetshenziswa odokotela. Into ebaluleke kakhulu kuwe ukubona udokotela uma ubona noma yini engavamile.

Ivame kangakanani iCancer Yemihlathi?

Eqinisweni, umdlavuza wemihlathi awuvamile . Kuphela u-4.5% wazo zonke izinhlobo ze-squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) emhlabeni wonke ezenzeka ekhanda nasentanyeni. Ngisho noma kunjalo, akuvamile ukuqala emhlathini. Ngokuvamile, iqhubu olibonayo emhlathini wakho noma eduze kwamazinyo akho cishe lingaba yingozi.

Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukuthi udokotela wakho ahlole noma yisiphi isigaxa esisha. Ngaleyo ndlela, ungathola ukuxilongwa okufanele.

Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza wemihlathi?

Ezigabeni zokuqala, azikho izimpawu eziningi. Kodwa njengoba isimila sikhula, ungase uqaphele izinguquko. Iningi lezimila likhula emhlathini ongezansi (eMandible), kodwa lingakhula nasemhlathini ongaphezulu (eMaxilla).

Izimpawu zomdlavuza womhlathi zingafaka:

• Isigaxa noma ukuvuvukala emhlathini (kungase kube buhlungu noma kungabi buhlungu).
• Izilonda zomlomo, ziyabuhlungu, azipholi, zopha kalula.
• Amabala abomvu noma amhlophe emlonyeni angasuki.
• Ubunzima bokugwinya (i-Dysphagia).
• Ubunzima bokuvula umlomo wakho.
• Izinguquko ekubukekeni kobuso bakho.
• Ukuzizwa sengathi amazinyo akho ayahambahamba, noma amazinyo akho akhululekile.
• Ushintsho endleleni amazinyo ahlangana ngayo (ukuluma).
• Imfiva.

Cabanga nje, ngesikhathi uxubha amazinyo akho, kungazelelwe uthola iqhubu elincane emhlathini wakho. Ekuqaleni, ungase ungalinaki. Kodwa uma lisekhona ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, noma uma libonakala likhula, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela.

Kungani kwenzeka umdlavuza wemihlathi?

Indlela amangqamuzana omzimba wethu akhula futhi ahlukana ngayo ilawulwa yimiyalelo eku-'DNA'. Uma kwenzeka izinguquko kule 'DNA' ('Ukuguqulwa Kwezakhi Zofuzo'), izinkinga zingavela endleleni amangqamuzana asebenza ngayo. Izinkinga ngekhodi ekule 'DNA' zingabangela amangqamuzana ukuthi asebenze ngokungajwayelekile futhi akhe amathumba. Ososayensi basacwaninga ngezinguquko ze-'DNA' ezibangela izinhlobo ezahlukene zamathumba ahlobene nalezi zimdlavuza zomhlathi.

Ngezinye izikhathi, i-cyst engeyona umdlavuza (engeyinhle) emhlathini ingaphenduka i-cyst enomdlavuza (embi), okubangela umdlavuza wemihlathi. Kodwa isikhathi esiningi, ama-cyst angeyona umdlavuza emhlathini ahlala efana futhi awabi umdlavuza.

Udokotela wakho angakuqapha ukuthi uthole izimila ezingezona umdlavuza ezingaba yimbangela yomdlavuza womhlathi.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza womhlathi?

Lezi zici zingandisa ingozi yakho yokuba nomdlavuza womhlathi:

• Ubudala: Umdlavuza wemihlathi uvame ukuvela kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-55.
• Ubulili: Amadoda asengozini enkulu.
• Ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi: Ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi kuyisici esikhulu sengozi yomdlavuza womlomo . Ugwayi uqukethe amakhemikhali abangela umdlavuza (ama-carcinogen) angaphezu kuka-60. Ukuphefumula intuthu ebhemayo nakho kwandisa ingozi.
• Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala: Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile kuyisici esikhulu esiyingozi somdlavuza wekhanda nentamo. Ukuhlanganiswa kokusetshenziswa kogwayi nokuphuza utshwala ngokweqile kwandisa ingozi yokuthola umdlavuza womlomo cishe izikhathi ezingu-30. Ngakho-ke, uma ubhema, kubalulekile ukuyeka nokunciphisa ukuphuza kwakho utshwala.
• Ukutheleleka nge-HPV: Izinhlobo ze-human papillomavirus (HPV) ezibangela umdlavuza, ikakhulukazi i-HPV-16, zandisa ingozi yakho. Umdlavuza womlomo ohlobene ne-HPV manje uyanda.
• Ukuhlafuna i-betel nut: Ama-betel nut aqukethe izinto ezibangela umdlavuza. Ukuhlafuna i-betel nut kuyisiko lamasiko kwezinye izingxenye zase-Asia. Kodwa-ke, kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza womlomo.
• Ukuba nomlando womndeni womdlavuza womlomo: Uma othile emndenini wakho oseduze (isib., umzali, ingane, umfowenu noma udadewabo) eke waba nomdlavuza womlomo, nawe ungase ube sengozini enkulu.

Udokotela uwuthola kanjani umdlavuza womhlathi?

Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokukuhlola ngokomzimba ukuze ahlole noma yiziphi izigaxa noma ukuvuvukala okusha. Uzobuyekeza umlando wakho wezokwelapha futhi abuze ngezimpawu zakho. Bangase futhi benze ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze bahlole izinto ezisegazini lakho ezihlotshaniswa nomdlavuza ('izimpawu zesimila').

Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe kusetshenziselwa ukubheka izimila emzimbeni. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Ama-X-ray
• `Isithombe Sokuzwakala Kwe-Magnetic (MRI)`
• `I-Computed Tomography Scan (I-CT Scan)`

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungadingeka ukuthi wenze i-biopsy. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha ingxenye encane yezicubu eqhubu bese uyithumela elabhorethri ukuze kubonakale ukuthi akhona yini amangqamuzana omdlavuza. I-biopsy ingasho nokuthi umdlavuza womhlathi usakazeka ngokushesha kangakanani.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza wehlathi?

Iningi labantu abanomdlavuza wemihlathi lizodinga ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe isimila. Ngezinye izikhathi, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe umhlathi noma izicubu ezizungeze umhlathi. Izinhlobo zokuhlinzwa ezisetshenziswa ukwelapha umdlavuza wemihlathi zifaka:

• Ukususwa kwe-Mandibulectomy: Ukususwa kwengxenye yomhlathi ongezansi. Uma kususwa ingxenye encane, kubizwa ngokuthi i-partial mandibulectomy. Uma kususwa ingxenye enkulu, kubizwa ngokuthi i-segmental mandibulectomy.
• Ukususwa kwethambo elikhulu: Ukususwa kwethambo lonke noma ingxenye yomhlathi ongaphezulu.

Udokotela wakho uzozama ukususa izicubu eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze asuse umdlavuza ngokuphelele, kuyilapho eshiya izicubu ezinempilo. Kodwa kwezinye izimo, ukuhlinzwa kungashintsha ukubukeka kwakho. Kodwa kunezindlela zokwelapha ezingasiza nangalokho. Udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlinzwa okwakha kabusha umhlathi wakho, noma ukufakelwa kwamazinyo ukuze kufakwe amazinyo esikhundleni samazinyo asusiwe ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa.

Kuye ngohlobo lomdlavuza womhlathi, ungadinga nokwelashwa okwengeziwe komdlavuza. Lokhu kungafaka:

• Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe: Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa umshini ukuletha imisebe enamandla aphezulu ukuze kuncishiswe izimila. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kunganikezwa njengokwelashwa okuyinhloko uma ungaphilile ngokwanele ukuba uhlinzwe. Noma, ukwelashwa ngemisebe kunganikezwa ukubulala noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa imithi ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali akuyona indlela evamile yokwelapha umdlavuza womhlathi, kodwa inganikezwa kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
• Ukunakekelwa Kwe-Palliative: Lokhu kusiza ukulawula izimpawu nemiphumela emibi yokwelashwa komdlavuza. Ukunakekelwa kwe-Palliative kungasiza abantu abanombono omuhle, kanye nalabo abathola ukunakekelwa kwe-hospice. Uma ucabanga ukuthi ungazuza ekunakekelweni kwe-palliative, buza udokotela wakho.

Kwenzekani uma unomdlavuza wemihlathi?

Njengamanje, izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu yabo bonke umdlavuza womlomo, okuhlanganisa nomdlavuza womhlathi, cishe liyi-68%. Kodwa ukubikezela kwakho kuncike ohlotsheni lomdlavuza womhlathi. Ezinye izinhlobo zezimila zomdlavuza eziqala emathanjeni omhlathi, njenge-osteosarcoma kanye ne-primary intraosseous carcinoma, zikhula ngokushesha. Kodwa ezinye izinhlobo zikhula kancane. Uma lesi sifo sitholakala kusenesikhathi futhi selashwa, singelashwa ngaphambi kokuba sisakazeke.

Izimila eziningi zomdlavuza zingaphinde zivele ngemva kokwelashwa. Udokotela wakho uzosebenza nawe ukuhlela ama-aphoyintimenti okulandelela ukuze akusize uhlale 'uphilile'. Ukwelapha isimila lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala zokubuyela kwaso kungasiza ekugcineni umdlavuza womhlathi ulawulwa.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma unezimbobo ezintsha, izilonda ezingapholi, noma amabala amabi emlonyeni wakho angapholi phakathi namasonto amabili,Bonana nodokotela ngokushesha. Amaqhubu amasha avame ukuba uphawu lwesimo esingesona umdlavuza (esingesihle), kodwa kufanele ubonane nodokotela ukuze wazi ngokuqinisekile.

Ukuvakashelwa njalo kwamazinyo kwandisa amathuba okuthola isimila kusenesikhathi, ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu. Ngokuvamile, izimila zingatholakala kuma-X-ray ajwayelekile amazinyo. Uma zitholakala ngaphambi kokuba zisakazeke noma zibangele izinkinga, unethuba elingcono lokuthola ukwelashwa okungavimba umdlavuza ukuthi usakazeke noma uvimbele ukusabalala kwawo.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela?

Ungabuza udokotela imibuzo efana nale:

• Uhlobo luni lomdlavuza wemihlathi enginalo?
• Yiziphi izivivinyo okudingeka ngizenze ukuze ngibone ukuthi zisakazekile yini?
• Hlobo luni lokwelashwa engiludingayo?
• Liyini ithuba lokuthi isimila sibuye ngemva kokuhlinzwa?
• Kufanele ngizinakekele kanjani ngesikhathi ngilulama ngemva kokuhlinzwa?

Uma ubona iqhubu elisha emhlathini wakho, noma uma unezinye izimpawu zomdlavuza wemihlathi, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Iningi labantu abanamaqhubu omlomo - kokubili ayingozi futhi ayingozi - bazodinga ukuhlinzwa ukuze basuswe. Ngomdlavuza wemihlathi, ungadinga ukwelashwa okwengeziwe, njengokwelashwa ngemisebe, ukuvimba isimila ukuthi singabuyi. Udokotela wakho uzochaza ukuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe, kuye ngohlobo lwesimila onaso.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngakho-ke, ngithemba ukuthi uthole ukuqonda okuthile kulokho esikuxoxile ngomdlavuza wemihlathi. Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule yile:

• Ukwazisa: Kubalulekile ukuqaphela noma yisiphi isifo. Nakuba umdlavuza womhlathi ungavamile, ukuqaphela kungakusiza ukuthi uqaphele izimpawu zobungozi kusenesikhathi.
• Gwema izinto eziyingozi: Gwema ukusebenzisa ugwayi nokuphuza utshwala ngokweqile , okuyizimbangela eziyinhloko zomdlavuza womlomo.
• Ungazinaki izimpawu: Uma ubona noma yini engavamile emlonyeni wakho noma emhlathini wakho – iqhubu, isilonda esingeke siphole, indawo – futhi sesihlale isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela.
• Thola ukuhlolwa kwamazinyo njalo: Udokotela wamazinyo angabona noma yiziphi izinkinga zisesencane.
• Ungesabi, funa iseluleko: Uma unokungabaza, khuluma nodokotela bese uthola iseluleko. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kuyisihluthulelo sokwelashwa okuphumelelayo.

Nginifisela impilo enhle nonke!

Umdlavuza Wemihlathi , Umdlavuza Wemihlathi, Umdlavuza Womlomo, Izimpawu Zomdlavuza, Ukwelashwa Komdlavuza, Ukubhema, Utshwala, Izingozi Zomdlavuza