Wake wacabanga ukuthi igazi elingaphakathi emizimbeni yethu lihlala livuselelwa? Umzimba wethu empeleni uyifektri emangalisayo. Umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu owenziwa kule fektri usuku lonke ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi, okungukuthi, amangqamuzana abomvu egazini. Uma uhlala uzizwa ukhathele futhi ungenampilo, isizathu singase sibe ukuntuleka kokukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Ngakho-ke namuhla sizokhuluma ngale nqubo emangalisayo, okuyi-'erythropoiesis'.
Kalula nje, iyini i-erythropoiesis?
I-Erythropoiesis inqubo lapho imizimba yethu ikhiqiza khona amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, noma ama-erythrocyte ngokwezokwelapha. Lokhu kufana nalapho umama wethu epheka ukudla okusha lapho siphelelwa ukudla. Amangqamuzana egazi abomvu amadala emzimbeni wethu ayafa ngemva kwesikhathi esithile. Ngakho-ke, le nqubo yiyona eyenza amangqamuzana egazi abomvu amasha esikhundleni salokho.
Lokhu kugcina inani lamaseli abomvu egazi emzimbeni wethu lisezingeni elifanele, lingakhuphuki futhi linganciphi ngokweqile.
Pho kungani amangqamuzana egazi abomvu ebaluleke kangaka kithi?
Cabanga ngenkonzo yokulethwa kwezimpahla eletha izimpahla emzimbeni wakho wonke. Amaseli abomvu egazi enza lokho kanye.
- Ukulethwa Komoya-mpilo: Uma siphefumula, umoya-mpilo ongena emaphashini ethu uyiswa kuwo wonke amaseli nezicubu zomzimba wethu yilawa maseli abomvu egazi. Kusukela ebuchosheni kuya ezinzwaneni, konke kudinga umoya-mpilo ukuze kuphile.
- Ukususa i-carbon dioxide: Futhi, i-carbon dioxide, ukungcola okuphuma emangqamuzaneni ethu, kuyaqoqwa futhi kubuyiselwe emaphashini ukuze sikwazi ukukususa emzimbeni lapho sikhipha umoya.
Kalula nje, ngaphandle kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi, amangqamuzana emizimba yethu awakwazi ukusinda.
I-Erythropoiesis iyingxenye eyodwa nje yenqubo yonke yokwakheka kwegazi emzimbeni wethu, ebizwa ngokuthi 'i-hematopoiesis.' Le nqubo iyonke ikhiqiza zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zamaseli egazi: amaseli abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi, nama-platelet.
Le nqubo yenzeka kuphi emzimbeni?
Indawo lapho la maseli abomvu egazi eshintsha khona ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ngesikhathi umntwana esesibelethweni (i-Fetal Erythropoiesis)
Igazi liqala ukwakheka emizimbeni yethu ngisho nangaphambi kokuba sizalwe.
- Emasontweni ama-3: Igazi liqala ukwakheka esakhiweni esibizwa ngokuthi 'isikhwama se-yolk', esinikeza umbungu ukudla kwawo kokuqala.
- Ezinyangeni ezi-2-3: Kwenzeka ukwakheka kwegazi esibindini kanye nasesinqeni sombungu.
- Ngemva kwezinyanga ezi-5: Igazi liqala ukwakheka emnkantsheni wethambo lomntwana osanda kuzalwa.
Izingane kanye nabantu abadala
Ngemva kokuzalwa kwethu, umongo wethu uba yindawo eyinhloko yokwenza amangqamuzana egazi abomvu. Lena yingxenye ethambile, ethambile engaphakathi kwamathambo ethu.
- Ngesikhathi sobuntwana: Igazi lenziwa ngomnkantsha wamathambo amaningi amakhulu omzimba.
- Lapho umuntu esemdala: Igazi lenziwa ikakhulukazi emnkantsheni wamathambo ambalwa athile , njengamathambo esinqeni, amathambo omgogodla, izimbambo, kanye nethambo eliyisicaba eliphakathi kwesifuba (ithambo lesifuba).
Uhambo lweseli elibomvu legazi
Lokhu akwenzeki ngobusuku obubodwa. Iseli elilodwa elibomvu legazi kumele lidlule ezigabeni eziningana ukuze livuthwe ngokugcwele, okungukuthi, lisebenze kahle. Lonke uhambo luthatha cishe isonto .
Konke kuqala ngeseli ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi 'i-Hematopoietic Stem Cell' (HSC). Lokhu kufana nembewu. Le mbewu ingakhula ibe yinoma yini kusukela kumaseli abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi, nama-platelet. Ukuze ibe yiseli elibomvu legazi, le seli eliyinhloko lidlula ezigabeni eziningana.
Ithebula elingezansi lingakusiza ukuthi uqonde lolu hambo ngokucacile.
| Isiteji | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Iseli lesiqu (Iseli Lesiqu Se-Hematopoietic - HSC) | Lena imvelaphi yawo wonke amangqamuzana egazi, njengembewu lapho isitshalo sikhula khona. |
| I-Proerythroblast | Isinyathelo sokuqala esiqinisekile ohambweni lokuba yiseli elibomvu legazi. |
| I-Erythroblast | Iseli liyancipha kancane kancane bese liqala ukukhiqiza iphrotheni i-hemoglobin, ethwala umoya-mpilo. |
| I-Normoblast | Phakathi nalesi sigaba, i-nucleus yeseli iyasuswa, okuvumela iseli ukuthi limunce i-hemoglobin eyengeziwe. |
| I-Reticulocyte | Lawa amaseli abomvu egazi angakavuthwa. Yilapho ekhishwa emnkantsheni wamathambo aye egazini. |
| I-erythrocyte | Iseli legazi elibomvu elivuthiwe ngokuphelele, elilungele ukuthutha umoya-mpilo. |
Isikhathi sokuphila kweseli elibomvu legazi elikhiqizwa ngale ndlela singaba yizinsuku eziyi-120 . Njengebhethri, la maseli ayafa ngemva kwezinsuku eziyi-120 zokusetshenziswa. Yingakho imizimba yethu kufanele ihlale idala amaseli amasha abomvu egazi.
Umzimba wazi kanjani ukuthi ungenza igazi?
Lolu uhlelo lokulawula olumangalisayo kakhulu. Umzimba wethu ulawula ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi ngokusekelwe ezingeni lomoya-mpilo emzimbeni.
Zicabange uya endaweni ephakeme enezintaba njengeNuwara Eliya. Njengoba ukhuphuka, uzizwa kunzima ukuphefumula, akunjalo? Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukugcwala komoya-mpilo emoyeni kuphansi. Khona-ke inani lomoya-mpilo elifinyelela ezicutshini zomzimba wethu liba elanele. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-hypoxia .
Yilapho izinso zethu zisebenza khona.
Izinso yizo ezihlala ziqapha amazinga omoya-mpilo egazini lethu. Uma zizwa ukuthi amazinga omoya-mpilo aphansi, izinso zikhipha i-hormone ekhethekile (i-chemical messenger) ebizwa ngokuthi i-Erythropoietin (EPO) egazini.
Nansi indlela le nqubo esebenza ngayo:
1. Izicubu zakho azitholi umoya-mpilo owanele.
2. Ukuphendula leso 'signali', izinso zikhipha i-hormone `(EPO)` eningi.
3. Le hormone (i-EPO) ihamba egazini bese "ikhuluma" nomnkantsha, iyitshela ukuthi "iphuthume, yenze amaseli egazi abomvu engeziwe!"
4. Kusheshisa ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi emnkantsheni wethambo.
5. Amaseli abomvu egazi asanda kwakheka abuyisela izinga lomoya-mpilo egazini esimweni esijwayelekile.
6. Uma amazinga omoya-mpilo ebuyela esimweni esijwayelekile, izinso zinciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-EPO.
Imizimba yethu iyakwazi kakhulu ukugcina yonke into ilinganisela (i-homeostasis) ngale ndlela. Igcina izinga elifanele, ayivumeli ukuthi ikhuphuke kakhulu noma iphansi kakhulu.
Kwenzekani uma le nqubo ingahambi kahle?
Ngezinye izikhathi le nqubo yokwenza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ingahamba kabi. Bese kuba nezinkinga ezimbili ezinkulu. Kungaba amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ambalwa kakhulu akhiqizwayo, noma akhiqizwa amaningi kakhulu.
| Isimo | Incazelo elula | Imodi/izici ezithintekile |
|---|---|---|
| I-anemia | Inani eliphansi lamaseli abomvu egazi (i-anemia). | Umzimba ulahlekelwa amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anele ukuthwala umoya-mpilo. Lokhu kungabangela izimpawu ezifana nokukhathala njalo, ubuthakathaka, ukuphaphatheka, ukuphelelwa umoya, kanye nokuzizwa ubanda ngendlela engavamile . |
| I-Erythrocytosis | Ukwanda kwenani lamaseli abomvu egazi (ukwanda kokujiya kwegazi). | Njengoba igazi likhula, ukugeleza kwegazi kungavinjelwa. Izimpawu ezifana nekhanda elibuhlungu, ukukhathala, kanye nesiyezi zingase zivele. Kwezinye izimo, kunengozi yokuqhekeka kwegazi okuyingozi . |
Uma unezimpawu ezinjengalezi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela bese ucela iseluleko ngaphandle kokwenza izinqumo ngokwakho.
Izinto ezingathinta ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi
Le nqubo ingathinteka yizimo zezifo ezahlukahlukene kanye nezinye izici.
Izifo ezihlobene namaphaphu
Uma unezifo zokuphefumula zesikhathi eside njenge-asthma kanye ne-COPD, inani lomoya-mpilo elitholwa ngumzimba wakho liyancishiswa. Umzimba uzama ukwenza amaseli egazi abomvu engeziwe ukuze abuyisele lesi simo.
Umdlavuza wegazi kanye nomnkantsha wamathambo
Ezimweni zomdlavuza ezifana ne-leukemia kanye ne-lymphoma, ukusebenza okujwayelekile komnkantsha kuyaphazamiseka. Ngenxa yalokho, ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi kungase kwehle noma kukhiqizwe amangqamuzana angajwayelekile.
Ezinye izizathu
- Ukushoda kokudla okunempilo: Ukuze wenze igazi elihle, udinga izithako ezinhle. I-iron, i-vitamin B12, kanye ne-folate kuyizakhamzimba ezibalulekile. Uma ungatholi okwanele kwalokhu ngokudla kwakho, umzimba wakho awukwazi ukwenza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ngendlela efanele, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwegazi.
- Isifo sezinso:Njengoba i-hormone `(EPO)` ikhiqizwa yizinso, uma izinso zonakele, ukukhiqizwa kwe-`(EPO)` kungase kwehle futhi ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli abomvu egazi nakho kungase kuphazamiseke.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Inqubo yokwenza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, noma i-erythropoiesis, iyinto emangalisayo eyenzeka njalo futhi ngokuzenzakalelayo emizimbeni yethu.
- Le nqubo ilawulwa kakhulu yi-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-EPO, ekhishwa yizinso.
- Uma uhlala ubhekene nezimpawu ezifana nokukhathala, ubuthakathaka, kanye nokuphelelwa umoya, kungaba uphawu lwe-anemia . Esimweni esinjalo, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela wakho ukuze akunike iseluleko.
- Ukudla ukudla okunomsoco okucebile nge-iron (inyama, inhlanzi, ubhontshisi, isipinashi), i-vitamin B12 (ubisi, amaqanda), kanye ne-folate (imifino eluhlaza, ubhontshisi) kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina amazinga aphilile amangqamuzana abomvu egazi.
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