Ingabe nawe unamatshe ezinso? (Amatshe ezinso) - Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe!

Wake waba nobuhlungu obungazelelwe, obungabekezeleleki emhlane wakho noma esiswini esingezansi, kanye nobunzima bokuchama? Noma wake waba negazi emchameni wakho? Uma unalezi zimpawu, ungase ube namatshe ezinso. Ungakhathazeki, ake sithole okwengeziwe ngalokhu namuhla.

Ayini la matshe ezinso?

Kalula nje, amatshe ezinso ayizakhiwo eziqinile, ezifana namatshe ezakha ngaphakathi kwezinso zethu. Lawa matshe akheka lapho izinto ezithile emchameni wethu, njengamaminerali nama-asidi, zihlangana. Angaba mancane njengesihlabathi, noma angavamile kakhulu, angaba makhulu njengebhola legolfu. Odokotela babiza lawa ngokuthi "i-renal calculi."

Cabanga nje, uma itshe elisezinso zakho lincane kakhulu, ungase ungabi nazimpawu futhi lingase liphume nomchamo wakho. Kodwa-ke, uma likhulu kancane, lingase libhajwe epayipini elithwala umchamo lisuka ezinso liye esinyeni, i-ureter. Yilapho izinkinga ziqala khona. Umchamo awugelezi kahle bese uqala ukuhlangana, izinso azikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wazo wokuhlunga imfucuza kahle, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kungase kube nokopha.

Ngokuvamile kuthatha cishe amasonto amathathu ukuthi itshe elinjengaleli lidlule emchameni lodwa. Kodwa-ke, ngisho namatshe amancane ngezinye izikhathi angabangela ubuhlungu obungabekezeleleki. Amatshe amakhulu kungadingeka aqhekezwe udokotela noma asuswe ngokuhlinzwa.

Avame kangakanani amatshe ezinso?

Empeleni lesi yisimo esivame kakhulu kunalokho ongakucabanga. Ngokwesilinganiso, cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabayishumi uzoba namatshe ezinso empilweni yakhe. Lesi simo sivame kakhulu kwabesilisa abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-30 no-40.

Ziyini izimpawu zamatshe ezinso?

Uphawu oluvame kakhulu ubuhlungu obukhulu emhlane ongezansi, ohlangothini lwesisu, noma embotsheni. Lobuhlungu bungaba obuhlala njalo noma bufike budlule. Ngezinye izikhathi bubizwa ngokuthi "ubuhlungu be-colicky" ngoba bufika ngamagagasi.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu kubuhlungu, kungase kube nezinye izimpawu:

• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza.
• Igazi emchameni (umchamo ungaba bomvu, upinki, noma ube nsundu).
• Ukuzwa ubuhlungu lapho uchama.
• Ukungakwazi ukuchama noma umchamo omncane kakhulu.
• Umuzwa wokudinga ukuchama njalo.
• Umkhuhlane kanye nokubanda (lokhu kungaba uphawu lokutheleleka).
• Umchamo omnyama ngombala noma onephunga elibi.

Khumbula, uma unamatshe amancane kakhulu, ungase ungabi nobuhlungu noma ezinye izimpawu.

Kungani kwakheka la matshe ezinso?

Umchamo wethu uqukethe izinto ezahlukahlukene ezifana ne-calcium, i-sodium, i-oxalate, kanye ne-uric acid. Uma siphuza amanzi amancane, noma uma lezi zinto ziba ziningi kakhulu emchameni wethu, ziyanamathelana, zihlangane, bese zenza amatshe. La matshe awakheki ubusuku bonke, kodwa kancane kancane aqhubeka izinyanga, ngezinye izikhathi iminyaka.

Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamatshe ezinso?

Yebo, la matshe ahlukaniswa ngokwezinto ezenziwe ngazo. Kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko:

• Amatshe e-calcium-oxalate kanye ne-calcium phosphate: Lawa avame kakhulu. Lawa matshe angakheka uma udla ukudla okuningi kakhulu okune-oxalate (njengesipinashi kanye namantongomane athile), udla ukudla okune-calcium encane, futhi ungaphuzi amanzi anele.
• Amatshe e-uric acid: Abantu abadla amaprotheni amaningi ezilwane (njengenyama yenkomo, inkukhu, ingulube, inhlanzi namaqanda) basengozini enkulu yokuthola lolu hlobo lwetshe.
• Amatshe e-Struvite: Lawa avame ukubangelwa ukutheleleka ngamagciwane. Uma unezifo zomgudu womchamo ezivame ukwenzeka, ungase ube ne-staghorn calculus enkulu kakhulu. Lawa matshe kumele asuswe ngokuhlinzwa.
• Amatshe e-Cystine: Lawa awavamile. Abangelwa yisimo sofuzo esibizwa ngokuthi i-cystinuria. I-Cystine uhlobo lwe-amino acid.

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zokutholakala kwamatshe ezinso?

Abanye abantu banamathuba amaningi okuthola amatye ezinso. Nazi ezinye izinto ezingaba nomthelela kulokhu:

• Ukungaphuzi amanzi anele: Lesi yisona sizathu esiyinhloko.
• Ukudla inyama eningi, inhlanzi kanye nokunye ukudla okucebile ngamaprotheni.
• Ukudla ukudla okunosawoti omningi (i-sodium) noshukela (ikakhulukazi i-sucrose ne-fructose).
• Ukuthatha izithasiselo zevithamini C ngokungadingekile.
• Uma othile emndenini wakho eke waba namatshe ezinso (ukuthambekela kofuzo).
• Ukuba nohlobo oluthile lokuvaleka kwendlela yomchamo.
• Uma uke wahlinzwa esiswini noma emathunjini akho (isib., ukuhlinzwa kwesisu).
• Uma uqhubeka nokusebenzisa imithi ethile (isib., eminye imithi yokukhipha isisu, imithi yokunciphisa i-asidi esekelwe ku-calcium, kanye neminye imithi yesifo sokuwa).
• Ukuba nezinye izimo ezithile zezokwelapha.

Izimo ezandisa ingozi yamatshe ezinso

Kunezimo ezithile zezokwelapha ezandisa ingozi yokuthola amatshe ezinso. Nazi ezinye izibonelo:

• `(I-Cystic fibrosis)`
• I-Cystinuria, isifo sofuzo lapho i-cystine iqoqana khona emzimbeni
• Isifo sikashukela
• I-Gout
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme
• Ukwanda kwamazinga e-calcium emchameni (i-hypercalciuria)
• Isifo samathumbu esivuvukalayo (IBD)
• Ama-cyst ezinso
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
• I-Osteoporosis
• Isifo se-Parathyroid
• `(I-hyperoxaluria eyinhloko)` (isimo lapho i-oxalate ikhiqizwa khona ngokweqile)
• Izimo ezinjengokukhubazeka (i-Hemiplegia noma i-paraplegia)

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngamatshe ezinso?

Amatshe ezinso awayona nje inkinga, ngezinye izikhathi angabangela izinkinga ezinkulu.

• Umgudu womchamo uyavaleka, umchamo ugeleza ubuyela emuva, bese izinso zivuvukala (i-hydronephrosis).
• Ukutheleleka kwezinso (i-pyelonephritis).
• Ukulimala kwezinso okubukhali (lokhu kungelapheka ngezinye izikhathi).
• Ukutheleleka njalo kwe-urinary tract (UTIs).
• Ingozi yokuthola isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona (CKD).

Wazi kanjani ukuthi unamatshe ezinso?

Uma udokotela esola ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle ngezimpawu zakho, uzoyala ukuhlolwa okuningana.

• Ukuhlolwa komchamo: Lokhu kungahlola igazi emchameni, amakristalu angakha amatshe, kanye nezimpawu zokutheleleka.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Ama-X-ray, ama-CT scan (ama-computed tomography scan), kanye nama-ultrasound scan kungasiza ekunqumeni usayizi, ukuma, indawo, kanye nenani lamatshe.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lokhu kungasiza ekutholeni izici ezingase zibe nomthelela ekwakhekeni kwamatshe, njengokusebenza kwezinso, ukutheleleka, kanye namazinga e-calcium egazini.

Aphathwa kanjani amatshe ezinso?

Uma unetshe elincane elingase lidlule lodwa, udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi uqaphele izimpawu bese ulinda ukuthi lidlule. Okwamanje, bangase bakunikeze imithi yokusiza ukunciphisa ubuhlungu nokusiza itshe lidlule kalula.

Kodwa-ke, uma kukhona amatshe amakhulu, ukwelashwa kuzoncika ezintweni ezifana nobukhulu bawo, indawo, ukuthi abangela ukutheleleka yini, nokuthi izimpawu zimbi kangakanani. Uma itshe lingadluli ngokwalo ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa noma uma kukhona ukuvaleka, udokotela angase ancome ukuphula itshe bese elisusa, noma ukulisusa ngokuhlinzwa.

Imithi

Kumuntu onamatshe amancane azidlulela wona futhi angenalo igciwane, udokotela angamnikeza imithi efana nale:

• Imithi ephumuza imisipha ngaphakathi kwe-ureter futhi isize itshe ukuthi lidlule kalula: isibonelo, imithi efana ne-tamsulosin (Flomax®) kanye ne-nifedipine (Adalat® noma i-Procardia®).
• Umuthi wokulawula isicanucanu nokuhlanza.
• Imithi yokulawula ubuhlungu: Ngisho namatshe amancane ngezinye izikhathi angabangela ubuhlungu obukhulu. Udokotela angase akunike imithi yokwelapha izinhlungu. Kodwa-ke, qiniseka ukuthi ubuza udokotela ngaphambi kokuthatha imithi efana ne-ibuprofen.Ukuthatha lokhu uma uzwa ubuhlungu obukhulu obubangelwa amatshe ezinso kungandisa ingozi yakho yokuthola ukwehluleka kwezinso, ikakhulukazi uma unezinye izimo zezokwelapha.

Ukwelashwa okukhethekile kwamatshe ezinso

Uma kukhona amatshe angakwazi ukuzidlulisela ngokwawo noma avimba umgudu womchamo, udokotela angase ancome inqubo ekhethekile yokuqhekeza kanye/noma ukususa amatshe. Lokhu kuzoncika ezintweni ezifana nobukhulu nendawo yetshe.

• I-Shockwave lithotripsy (SWL): Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa idivayisi ekhethekile ngaphandle komzimba ukuthumela amaza okushaqeka anamandla amakhulu ukuze aqhekeze itshe. Izingcezu ezichotshoziwe zibe seziphuma kalula emchameni.
• I-Ureteroscopy: Kule nqubo, udokotela ufaka ithuluzi elincane elifakwe ikhamera (i-scope) nge-urethra , ngesinyi, ungene kwi-ureter, bese ethola itshe. Ngemuva kwalokho, esebenzisa ezinye izinto ezincane ezidluliswa kule thuluzi, itshe liyaqhekeka noma lisuswe libe yizicucu.
• I-Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL): Le nqubo isetshenziswa uma ezinye izindlela zehluleka ukususa itshe . Lokhu kuhilela ukwenza ukusika okuncane esikhumbeni, ukudlulisa ipayipi ngqo enso, nokusebenzisa okuthile okufana namagagasi e-ultrasound ukuphula itshe bese kususwa.
• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Laparoscopic: Lokhu kuhilela ukwenza izimbobo eziningana ezincane esiswini nokufaka ikhamera namathuluzi amancane ukuze kususwe itshe. Akuvamile kakhulu, ukuhlinzwa okuvulekile, okuhilela ukwenza isimbozo esikhulu, kungadingeka.

Ingabe amatshe ezinso ayaziphelela?

Yebo, cishe amaphesenti angama-80 amatshe ezinso aphuma wodwa ngomchamo. Isikhathi esithathwayo siyahlukahluka kuye ngobukhulu nendawo yetshe. Itshe elincane kune-4 millimeters (mm) lingadlula phakathi nesonto noma amabili. Itshe elikhulu kunalelo lingathatha cishe amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu. Uma itshe selifikile esinyeni, livame ukuphumela ngaphandle phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma ucabanga ukuthi unamatshe ezinso, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela, uwahlole, bese uhlola noma yiziphi izinkinga ezifana nokuvaleka komchamo. Uma itshe lingadlulanga ngemva kwamasonto amane kuya kwayisithupha, kufanele uphinde ubonane nodokotela.

Ingabe amatshe ezinso angavinjelwa?

Lokho esikudlayo nesikuphuzayo kunomthelela omkhulu engcupheni yethu yokuthola amatshe ezinso. Khuluma nodokotela wakho noma isazi sokudla ngezindlela zokunciphisa ingozi yakho. Bangase batuse izinto ezinjengalezi:

• Phuza amanzi amaningi: okungenani amalitha angu-2-3 ngosuku.
• Nciphisa amaprotheni ezilwane (inyama, inhlanzi).
• Nciphisa ukudla okunoshukela omningi nosawoti.
• Nciphisa ukudla okunama-oxalate amaningi: Uma uvame ukuba namatshe e-calcium oxalate, ungase welulekwe ukuthi unciphise ukudla kwakho okufana nesipinashi, amantongomane, kanye ne-wheat bran.
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo esikufanele.
• Yidla ukudla okune-calcium eningi: Lokhu kungase kuzwakale kumangalisa, kodwa ukudla okune-calcium eningi kungasiza ekuvimbeleni amatshe ezinso. Kodwa-ke, izithasiselo ze-calcium kanye nama-antacid aqukethe i-calcium azisizi. Empeleni zingandisa ingozi yamatshe.
• Imithi kadokotela: Uma izinguquko ekudleni kwakho zinganele, udokotela angase akunike imithi yokusiza ekuvimbeleni amatshe ezinso. Kuya ngohlobo lwetshe onalo.

Yini ongayilindela uma unamatshe ezinso?

Cishe amatshe amancane angama-90% angaphansi kuka-6 mm ngobukhulu kanye namatshe amakhulu angama-60% angaphezu kuka-6 mm ngobukhulu ayazidlulela ngokwawo. Uma kukhona itshe elikhulu noma uma livimba ukugeleza komchamo, kungadingeka lichotshozwe noma lisuswe. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngisho namatshe amancane okucatshangwa ukuthi ayazidlulela ngokwawo angakhula kancane kancane abe makhulu noma ashukumise abangele ukuvinjelwa.

Uma wake waba namatshe ezinso, kungenzeka ukuthi uzophinde abe nawo esikhathini esizayo. Ngakho-ke, kuzodingeka uqhubeke nokwenza izinguquko ekudleni futhi mhlawumbe uthathe imithi.

Iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu yokususa amatshe ezinso ngokushesha?

Uma udokotela wakho ecabanga ukuthi itshe lizodlula lodwa, kufanele uphuze amanzi amaningi ukuze lidlule. Thatha imithi yakho njengoba uyalelwe. Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi yini okufanele uyidle nokuthi yini ongayidli.

Kungenzeka yini ukuphila impilo evamile ngamatshe ezinso?

Amatshe ezinso akudingeki ayeke imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke noma anciphise injabulo yakho yokuphila. Amatshe ezinso awahlali njalo, njengoba edlula emchameni futhi kunezindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo.

Ingabe amatshe ezinso abangela isifo sezinso?

Uma unamatshe ezinso, usengozini yokuthola amatshe amaningi kanye nesifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona.

Ingabe amatshe ezinso ayabulala?

Cha. Amatshe ezinso awabangeli ukufa.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma unezimpawu zamatshe ezinso, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Uma unetshe, ukwazi ukuthi likuphi nokuthi likhulu kangakanani kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola ukwelashwa nokuvimbela izinkinga.

Kufanele ngiye nini egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo?

Uma ubuhlungu bungabekezeleleki, iya ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha. Bazokunikeza imithi yobuhlungu nanoma yisiphi isicanucanu/ukuhlanza onakho.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Uma uhlangana nodokotela wakho, ungabuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Ingabe nginamatshe ezinso, noma kukhona esinye isizathu salezi zimpawu?
• Uhlobo luni lwetshe lezinso enginalo?
• Itshe lami lezinso likhulu kangakanani?
• Kuphi?
• Mangaki amatshe enginawo?
• Ingabe ngidinga ukwelashwa, noma lokhu kuzophela ngokwako?
• Ingabe kufanele ngiyohlolwa isifo sezinso?
• Yiziphi izinguquko okudingeka ngizenze ekudleni kwami?
• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kimi ukususa amatshe?

Ekugcineni, umyalezo okufanele uwuthathe uye ekhaya:

Amatshe ezinso angaba yisimo esicasulayo nesibuhlungu ngezinye izikhathi. Kodwa-ke, ukuze uvimbele lesi simo ukuba singabi sibi kakhulu, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka bese ucela iseluleko. Ubuhlungu bungaba bukhulu, futhi kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa. Khumbula: thatha imithi yakho njengoba nje uyalelwe, phuza amanzi amaningi, bese ulandela ukudla kwakho. Futhi, amatshe ezinso ayisimo sesikhashana. Ngeke akukhathaze unomphela. Yiba nempilo enhle!

Amatshe Ezinso , Amatshe Ezinso, Isifo Sezinso, Amatshe Omchamo, Ubuhlungu Bomhlane, I-Renal Calculi, Ukwelashwa Kwamatshe Ezinso